I-Biograge
U-Eleanor Galperin, owaziwa ngama-connoisseurs wangempela weprosese yakwamanye amazwe ngaphansi kwegama le-bar of gal, usabhekwa njengomunye wabahumushi be-Works Kama, uRichard de SaintJJ, uJames Aldrjj ovela eFrance nesiNgisi kuya eRussia yanamuhla.Ukugxekwa okukhohlisayo nomhleli weRomanov edumile edumile kwathuthukisa izimiso zalo zokusebenza nombhalo kwathi ngo-1972 kwashicilelwa incwadi ethi "Izwi LikaLiphilayo Nelifile. (Kusuka ku "Lince Prince encane" kuya "emkhunjini weziwula") ", manje eseyincwajana efanele yokufundisa futhi kubandakanya amaphuzu asemqoka wethiyori yokuhumusha.
Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Eleanor Yakovlevna Galperin wazalelwa e-Odessa ngo-Ephreli 27, 1912 emndenini wezindaba ezifundile zaseRussia. Ubaba kaJakobe u-Isaakovich, owayengumbhali wamaJuda ngobuzwe bamaJuda, wayenomkhuba omkhulu ovumela izihlobo eziseduzane zithuthele eMoscow.
Ngemuva kokuboshwa ngo-1937 no-1950, indawo yokungathembeki yawela kulo lonke uhlobo lweHalperIn, kanti uMama Frederical Aleksandrovna ubiza umzamo omkhulu wokuthola umsebenzi e-Commitarriat yaseSoviet futhi unqume indodakazi yaseMoscow Editorial kanye ne-Institute yokushicilela.
Lapho isikhungo semfundo sihlakazekile, u-Eleanora washintshela eyunivesithi ebhekisa e-pedagogy, wabutha izincwadi zezincwadi zakwamanye amazwe, ukufana nokufunda kahle isiNgisi nesiFulentshi.
Ubuqambi obuvela ebuntwaneni bahehwa yi-halperin, futhi, njengesikole, wabhala izinkondlo ezimbalwa. Eminyakeni yabafundi, eqhubeka nokuhlola okubhaliwe, le ntombazane yaqala ukubhala iprosese futhi ngawo-1930s yayingashicilela owakhe umsebenzi ezinhlakeni eziphrintiwe eziphrintiwe.
Kwisikole esithweswe iziqu, u-Eleanor wavikela i-thesis yakhe, embozwe yi-biography poet yaseFrance Artur Rembo nasesimweni sombhali ofundile waqala ukuvela njalo ngezincwadi ze-classical nezenhlobo zanamuhla.
Ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe, kwaqala ukuba yi-Alias kaNora Gal, ihhovisi lokuhlela "izincwadi zangaphandle" zayalelwe ukuba zibhale i-athikili ngomkhiqizo omusha wePlanethi entsha ye-Antoine de Saint-acpery " yabantu ". Ngenxa yokuhlaselwa okungazelelwe kwamaFascists, umsebenzi wawungashicilelwanga, kepha intombazane yahlala ngaphansi kombono oqinile walokhu ifundwe futhi yahlala ilindele izincwadi ezintsha zoMlobi waseFrance.
Ukuhumusha Nokuhlela
Isimo sasinzima, futhi ukuze sithole imali, uNora wasebenza esikhungweni sokuphrinta kanye nemininingwane namasemina ezincwadini zakwamanye amazwe zangekhulu lama-20. Esikhathini sakhe sokuphumula, yena, ngaphandle kokuba namakhono wePolyglot, afunde izincwadi zoqobo futhi azihumushele esiRussia nesichazamazwi. Ungaqiniseki ngethalente lakhe, okokuqala awuzange ubonise le misebenzi kunoma ngubani, futhi uthuli ebhokisini letafula isikhathi eside.Isimo sesishintshile ngemuva kokuthi i-norsere yanikeza incwadi yesiFulentshi "INKOSI encane", uMlobi wawo owake wamhlaba umxhwele uthisha osemusha. Ngemuva kokufunda umsebenzi, gal ngesikhathi esifushane wenza ukuhunyushwa okufushane futhi ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa kukhombisa okusalungiswa kwentombi esondelene.
Imizamo ejwayelekile yowesifazane yahlelwa ngokuhola amaphephabhuku okubhala, kodwa ngaphambi kuka-1959 akekho owafuna ukuphrinta umsebenzi ka-Eleanora. Kungemva kokuba i-gal iba ngumhumushi ochwepheshe kanye nezakhamizi ze-USSR ngosizo lwayo Funda izincwadi zababhali besiNgisi, baseMelika kanye nabaseFrance, "iNkosana encane" yashicilelwa, kucatshangelwa zonke izidingo.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umbhali oqeqeshiwe uqobo waqala ukukhetha imisebenzi futhi wayeka ukwenza ama-oda wabashicileli bencwadi, amaphephandaba kanye namamagazini. Ukhetha umsebenzi wanamuhla ngendaba ethokozisayo, i-gal ihumushela izindaba zoMdali odumile "ngaphezulu kwephayi" Jerome D. Sallinger, indaba yomlobi owayengumbhali weHarper Lee "kanye nencwajana eminingi ebabazekayo yababhali bakwamanye amazwe abadumile.
Kuyiqiniso, akuwona wonke umsebenzi wabamemezeli besikhwama ophrintiwe ngokushesha, amanye amanoveli wothuli olude emashalofini ngaphambi kwabantu baseSoviet bathole ithuba lokuzifunda. Isiphetho esinjalo sahlupheka "ngomkhumbi weziwula" Catherine Ann Porter, "krysolova" Nevila vala, "Uyawathanda amaBrahms?" UFrancoise Sagan kanye ne- "Diaries" Roman Rollan.
Kungcono kakhulu ngecala ngezincwadi zezingane kanye nabantu abadala, lapho i-gal isebenzise ngempumelelo izimiso eziyisisekelo zokuhlela ngempumelelo. Abashicileli bakhulule ngenjabulo amanoveli ka-Alexander Duma, iTheodore Duma, umhlanga omkhulu noHerbert Wells, owadlula ezandleni zomhumushi osuvele edumile.
Ukuhlangenwe nakho okuqoqiwe kukaNora kwahlaziywa ukuhlaziya okubuhlungu kwathi ngo-1972 kuqedwe umsebenzi ekusebenzeni kwangempela, okwaziwa ngokuthi "iZwi lokuphila nokufile". Kuyo, u-Eleanor wahola izibonelo zomsebenzi ofanele futhi ongafanele ngezinto zokwakha izilimi futhi wabhikisha ngokumelene nokusetshenziswa kwamagama angaphandle.
Uhlobo lokuqala lwalusakazekile futhi lwaphrintwa ngokwengxenye ephephabhukwini "Science and Life". Kodwa-ke, uGal akazange ayeke ukusebenza futhi ngo-1979 wethulwa abafundi inguqulo entsha, eyenziwa yikhanda lesahluko "Wizards". Ukubuka izinguqulo ezenziwe ngezincwadi ze-matrai evgenia kalashnikova, uNatalia Albertovna Volgin, Nina Leonidovna Daurosaes nabanye, umbhali wagcizelela ukulula kwemvelo komsebenzi we-Russian ne-workshop kanye "nokukhuluma" uqobo amabizo.
Ngenxa yalokho, le ncwadi yaba yinzuzo yedeskithophu yabahumushi abaqalayo futhi yaphrintwa kasi-8 kuze kube ngu-2015. Ezikheni zakamuva, kwavela izengezo ezintsha, futhi i-athikili yafakwa emsebenzini we-julian "ezintathu", ihlaziya isipiliyoni sezincwadi saseHalperina, kanye ne-Essay ye-Risa Olon, eyayitshela ngempilo yomuntu siqu nomsebenzi we Umbhali oyinhloko.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UNora Gal uphile impilo ende, kodwa enesizungu futhi ngolunye usuku kuphela owashada. Ukhethwe yi-Flologist yaseFilologing Young uBoris Kuzmin, ubani - owayezihlakaza ngokwakhe inzalo eqondile kaWalter Scott.
Ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe, abathandi babhalise ngokusemthethweni lobuhlobo, futhi ngokushesha nje lapho uNora ebelethe indodakazi yakhe u-Edward. Le ntombazane engajwayelekile yathola ukuhlonipha umngani osondelene nomndeni wakwa-Edward Kabalevskaya, futhi kwavela ihlaya emphakathini wezemibhalo ukuthi umdala no-Eddy omncane bazungezwe.
Ngemuva kokushona kwendoda, yadutshulwa yizimpi eziseduzane naseSmolensk ngo-1943, uGalyodwa uletha ingane encane futhi wathola imali ezinkulumweni nasekuqhubeni ukuqeqeshwa okusebenzayo.
Ukuba ngumhumushi odumile, uNora uzinze eMhlanganweni Womphakathi waseMoscow futhi kuphela iminyaka eyishumi nambili angathola eyakhe ifulethi. Inhlala-kahle yezezimali ayizange iphumule lona wesifazane, isasebenza ngehora le-14 ngosuku ngekhefu lokulala nokuhamba okufushane.
Indodakazi, yakhulela esimweni esinjalo, ayikwazanga ukungena ekukhokhisweni komoya wokudala futhi ekugcineni kwesikhungo se-pedagogical yaba ngumhleli, ukugxeka kanye nelungu leqembu likamagazini obhalwe phansi.
Ukushona
UNora Gal akazange abe ngoJulayi 23, 1991, nangesicelo sezihlobo, isizathu sokufa kwakhe asidalulwanga.Ngenkumbulo yomhumushi odumile, osebenza nabo nabalandeli abakhishwe iqoqo eliqukethe izinkumbulo, izindatshana, amavesi, amandla kanye ne-bibliography, futhi ngo-2012 izindlalifa zika-Edward noDmitry kuzmina zasungulwa umklomelo kaGal Nora, onikelwe kubabhali abahle kakhulu Ukuhunyushwa kwe-English-Russian of Game Prose XX-XXI Centauries.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1935 - "I-Tale Yabangane"
- Ngo-1936 - "Ukufa kwe-Hero" R. Klington "(i-Article)
- Ngo-1938 - "France Ellens" (i-athikili)
- 1945 - "Yini eyacasulwa nguSony S.?" (i-athikili)
- 1959 - "Umuzwa wobumbano" (i-Article)
- 1960 - "Ngaphezulu" (i-Article)
- Ngo-1963 - U-Antoine de Saint-expery (i-Article)
- Ngo-1972 - "Izwi Liphila Futhi Ufile"
- 1973 - "Emimeseni" (i-athikili)
- 1975 - "Futhi Mayelana neHhovisi" (i-Article)
- Ngo-1991 - "Isikole seCashkin" (i-Article)
Ukuhumushelana
- URay Bradbury "ogwini lokushona kwelanga", "ukhonkolo conxer"
- UJack London "Pearls Pearls", "i-adventure omoyeni olwandle"
- UCharles Dickens "oxakekile, noma isivumelwano sesipoki"
- UHerbert Wells "Ukudla KwabaNkulunkulu"
- U-Edgar Allan ku- "Frog", "Fall House of Ashers"
- UColin Mccalow "ucula emazweni"
- Catherine Ann Porter "Iziwula Zokuthumela"
- URichard Oltingelton "Ukufa Kweqhawe"
- I-Antoine de Saint-experind "Isikhulu esincane", "Planethi Yabantu"
- U-Albert Cami "string"