I-Biograge
Imisebenzi yakhe enkulu kakhulu yaseSoviet, bese kuba nguSculptor waseRussia u-Ernst ayaziwa e-United States. Inkosi ithatha izwe lakubo, ngemuva kokufuduka, izikhumbuzo zenkolo ezinjengokuthi "Masks Masks" eYekaterinburg, izwe nje alizange lizazi. Igama lika-Ernst elingaziwa alijwayele wonke umuntu, kepha umsebenzi wakhe uvamile: ama-laurea "we-premium" teffi "asanikeza i-statuette ye-orpheus eyenziwe ngokwemidwebo ye-sculptor eyenziwe.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Ernst iosifovich umuntu ongaziwa wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 9, 1925 eSverdlovsk (manje ese-Ekaterinburg) emndenini ka-Otorinolaryngologich uJoseph Moisevich kanye ne-Soviet Poetsess Bella Abramovna waphezulu. Ubuntwana buka-Ernsta iosifovich kwenzeka ngesizotha, ngaphandle kokuhamba futhi buwe. Wafunda esikoleni No. 16 kweSverdlovsk, akazange athole ukulinganiselwa okuphezulu, kanye nokwehliswa. Konke ngoba umfana wakhetha ubuciko, hhayi "ukudicilela phansi" isayensi yemvelo ".
Ngo-1939, umuntu ongaziwa waqala waveza umsebenzi womphakathi, ebamba iqhaza emncintiswaneni wenhlangano yonke yobuciko. Weza nokuthile okusha ukuze kuvezwe minyaka yonke kuze kungeniswe esikoleni sobuciko esibili e-All-Russian Academy of Arts ngo-1942.
Ngo-Agasti 1942, u-Ernst oneminyaka engu-17 ubudala wayaziwa ukuthi wayiswa ukufundwa esikoleni sezempi eTurkmenistan. Ngonyaka lapho kwathatha le nsizwa ngokuthuthuka kolwazi olusha, kwathi ngo-Okthoba 1943 waholwa yicala elisencane emabuthweni anomoya asanda kwakha i-4th yase-Ukraine ngaphambili.
Ngo-Mashi 1944, umuntu ongaziwa waba ngumkhuzi weplanethi yesibhamu sonogada abangama-86 avusa impikiswano yebutho le-5th shock. I-sculptor yesikhathi esizayo yayingahleki emseleni, ikhombise isibindi nesibindi ngesikhathi sokushiswa kweBudapest. Lapho u-Ernst iosifovich ethola idokhumenti lapho kwathiwa khona ukuthi wabulala abantu abangu-16 empini eya ezandleni.
"Ngayesabisa, angikukhumbuli lokhu. Ngiyakhumbula, ngabe ngicabanga: "Kufanele silwe, kufanele ulwe. Ayikho enye indlela yokuphuma. Futhi ukuphi ukufa? ". Ngaphambi komuzwa wokungafi, "ngakhumbula iphephandaba elingaziwa le-kommermant engxoxweni.Kakade ngokulandelana kwempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe, umuntu ongaziwa wakwazi ukulimala kanzima futhi wacishe wahlukana nokuphila. Ngo-Ephreli 22, 1945, ezinsukwini eziyi-17 ngaphambi kokuzinikela kweJalimane lamaNazi, umthengisi wesikhathi esizayo wayesetafuleni elisebenzayo e-Austria. Yayinama-disc ama-3 wokungenelela, futhi i-pleural cavity yagcwala umoya.
Le nsizwa yasinda ku-7 imivimbo yedayidi, ukufakwa ngokuphelele kwamaphaphu, kodwa ngenxa yalokho kwathiwa kufile. Ngesibindi esikhonjiswe empini, esingaziwa "ngokusobala" sanikeza ukuhleleka kwenkanyezi ebomvu (okuyinto eyayitholwa yiminyaka engama-25 kamuva) nendondo "ngesibindi."
Impilo yesosha elincane lasindisa udokotela wasensimini owabona ukuthi u-Ernst iosifovich uphefumula. Ngemuva kwenqwaba yemisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi, isimo sesiguli sazinza. Kuliqiniso, eminye iminyaka emi-3 ngemuva kwempi, okungaziwa kuhambeni ngezinduku, kuhamba kancane ngomgogodla ophazamisekile, izinhlungu ezinolwazi kuphela ezinyathelwe i-morphine, zikhungathekile. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nalokhu kulimala kabi akunakukwazi ebusheni abahlukaniswe yi-Art.
Ukudala
Ngo-1946-1947, amakhuba angaziwa ahlanganiswe ngolwazi oluphuthelwe yimpi e-Academy of Arts eRiga, wabe esengena esikhungweni sobuciko baseMoscow. V. I. SURIOVA. Lapha, umuntu ongaziwa athole i-oda lokuqala elikhulu - ukwakheka kokuchazwa emnyuziyamu weSikhumbuzo we-YA. M. Sverdlova (manje - uMnyuziyamu wombuso weYakaterinburg). Kombukiso, umfundi wenza umshisi ngokuthi "i-Yakov Sverdlov ubiza abasebenzi be-Ural ukuba bavuke abahlomile" kanye nokwakheka "i-Yakov sverdlov kwethula uLenin noStalin."
Imisebenzi eyenziwa ngohlobo lwendalo yayifakiwe kulo mbukiso, futhi ngawo-1970 bazama ukulahla. Uma abasebenzi beMnyuziyamu bengazange bafihle izithombe zezokuphepha zigxile, kungaziwa kusenesikhathi kwakuzolahleka. Kusukela ngo-2009, le misebenzi emi-2 igcwalisa umbukiso we-State Museum of Yekaterinburg.
Ithalente lesosha langaphambili ngo-1950 lazisa i-Tretakov Gallery, futhi unyaka we-Prom 5 we-Kremlin Construst FoodOr Horse waqokwa emnyuziyamu weStalin, ngemuva kwalokho etholwe ngumnyuziyamu waseRussia.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1950, umuntu ongaziwa, exova ukwethuka kwempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe lonke, wadala umjikelezo "impi - lokhu ...", umhloliso waso wawungumfanekiso "isosha elifile". Lesi sithombe sithululelwe isibonakaliso siyisiphukuphuku esinesiphukuphuku, cishe ubuso obukhulu, izikhala zokulimala esifubeni, kepha isibhakela siphonswa ngokunqobayo njengophawu lokungasimiseleli kwesosha laseRussia.
"Isosha elifile" luyisibazi esincane, kepha kuleyo minyaka eyaziwayo yaqala ukuqala izibalo ezinkulu. Ufake umbono we-albhamu, owabizwa ngokuthi "uMastajah, noma impi yeziqhwaga".
I-wrestler engaziwa yabheka "umuthi wokuphila", umsebenzi owaqala ngo-1956 waqhubeka nokufuduka. Ngokombono we-sculptor, isikhumbuzo esakhelwe inhliziyo sasibalelwa ku-7 Mebius baphenduka, "Ingaphakathi" lizogcwala izibalo zezingane kanye nabantu abadala, izingxenye zomzimba ngamunye, izinto nezimpawu.
Kusukela ngo-1998, umuntu ongaziwa otshalwe "esihlahleni sokuphila" cishe ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-800. Kusuka ephaketheni lakho. Ukubeka iMeya yeMonomu yaseMoscow, uYuri Luzhkov, ophambene nengxenye yezakhiwo zeNobhala Yomnyango Wezokuxhumana Kwezomnotho e-New Arbat. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-2004, "Isihlahla Sempilo" sahlobisa iBhulongo Lezokuzijabulisa "I-Bhistration" BAGRAGE ". Esithombeni, i-yuri gagarin kanye ne-buddha, itheyipu yaseMöbius, ethethelwe, iziza zokuxoshwa epharadesi ziqagelwa esithombeni.
Unyaka nonyaka, umuntu ongaziwa wethule imifanekiso, engathandwa ngumsebenzi wamaSoviet Masters: "Ukuzibulala" (1958), "u-Adamu" (1962), "umzamo" (1961-1962 (1961-1962 (1961-1962 (1961-1962) . Izibalo ezingezinhle zivumelane ngokuvumelanisa nombukiso wama-avant-gardeists eMoscow, eyayinikelwe ekugubheni kwegatsha laseMoscow ye-Union of USSSR. Phakathi kwezivakashi ezihlonishwayo kwakunguNikita Khrushchev.
Umholi wobuciko beSoviet Union of Avant-Garders ababongi. Ezinkomeni ezinyanyayo, yena u-Oruruga no-Ernst bengaziwa, bebiza umsebenzi wakhe "ewohloka".
Kucatshangwa ukuthi uNikita Khrushchev akazange agxeke amakhosi anzima kangaka, uma eyazi ukuthi uzuze umncintiswano wenyunyana ekwakhiweni kwempi enkulu yokunqoba futhi wadala imifanekiso kaFoodor Fedor "kanye nesijeziso". Ngamanye amagama, kwavela into engaziwa iphikisana nesizinda sabanye abakwamanye ama-sculpto kanye nabaculi. Ngendlela, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi u-Ernst Josefovich wahlobisa izincwadi zikaDante Aligiery noSamuel Bectett.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ithuna likaNikita Khrushchev lihlobisa amaqembu amaGraveRed asungule futhi afakwe okungaziwa ngesicelo sezihlobo zekhanda le-USSR.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1960 ngaphambi kokufuduka ngo-1976, umuntu ongaziwa adale ama-scarpture acishe abe ngu-850 - "Center abst", "Centaur", "Ukubethelwa", "I-Crucifix", "Masks". Iminyaka engu-15, kungenzeka ukuthi uthengise kuphela umsebenzi we-4 kusuka kulolu lwazi.
Umuntu ongaziwa wayengafuni ukuphuma eSoviet Union, kodwa amandla 'athi "Ayentela. NgoJuni 1973, umnyombo wafaka imibhalo yokufuduka kwa-Israyeli, kwathi ngoMashi 1976, ngemuva kokuhlala kweminyaka emithathu emaphutheni, wangena eSwitzerland e-United States. Ngo-1977 zahlala eNew York.
Umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu wokungaziwa ekuthukeni kwakuyisikhumbuzo saba yizisulu zokucindezelwa kwe-stalinist. Umunyu wamangala ukudala "unxantathu wosizi" - i-triptych evela ezikhumbuzweni eMagadani, ekaterinburg naseVorkuta. Umqondo wafakwa engxenyeni ethile. Isikhumbuzo samamitha ayi-15 "savela usizi olukhulu eMagadan ngo-1996. Sekuvele ngemuva kokushona kokungaziwa, ngonyaka we-2017, "i-mask engu-3-asia" ivule e-Yekaterinburg, iguqulwe ngokuqinile uma kuqhathaniswa nesikebhe sokuqala. I-Triptych ayizange ifake isikhumbuzo eVorkuta.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
U-Ernsta ongaziwa wayenabafazi abangu-2. Owokuqala uCouramist Dina Petrovna Mukhina. Indodakazi ka-Olga yazalwa emshadweni, okwaba ngumculi.
Ngonyaka wama-70 wokuphila, umqulu washada no-Anna Graham, umhumushi. Bendawonye baphakamisa indodakazi u-Olivia. Ngokusho okungaziwa:
"U-Anya wavula ngakolunye uhlangothi lwempilo, engingazazi khona: Ukuba yindoda futhi ngibe nesibopho."Phambilini, le ndoda ayizange ithole izici ze-biography, njengoba aziphakamisa.
Ukushona
U-Ernst oneminyaka engama-92 ubudala ushone ngo-Agasti 9, 2016, ngemuva kokugula isikhathi eside, eNew York. Ukudalulwa kwembangela yokufa komculi we-sculptor kudale uPereyaya ongathandeki ngempilo yakhe: Kusolwa ukuthi u-Ana Graham weza kumyeni wakhe ngokukhanya eminyakeni yamuva.Ithuna lika-Ernst Akwaziwa liseShelton Island eNew York. Umngcwabo wenzeka e-Orthodox Nikolsky Cathedral eManhattan. Ngokuka-Felix Komarov Sculptor, indoda "yabuza ukuthi azikho izikhumbuzo ezifakwe ethuneni, futhi kuphela isiphambano sama-orthodox saseRussia." Cishe intando yokugcina yalokhu engaziwa yagcwaliseka, kepha isithombe esiqinisekisa lokhu akunjalo.
Ukusebenza
- Ngo-1962 - "Centaur ukuthi"
- Ngo-1966 - "Prometheus kanye Nezingane Zomhlaba"
- 1971 - "Imbali yeLotus"
- 1988 - "Ngodonga"
- 1993 - "Indoda Ememeza"
- 1994 - Orpheus
- 1995 - "Ingane Yegolide"
- 1996 - "Ukudabuka Mask"
- 2000 - "Imvuselelo"
- Ngo-2004 - "Isihlahla Sempilo"
- Ngo-2017 - "Usizi Lukask: Europe-Asia"