I-Diocletian - isithombe, i-biography, impilo yomuntu siqu, imbangela yokufa, umbusi waseRoma

I-Biograge

UMbusi WaseRoma uDiocletian wayengumbusi onzima. Ngalo, ngekhulu leminyaka, ukushushiswa okukhulu kwaqala kumaKristu, ngakho kwaba khona ukuguqulwa okubizwa ngokuthi yi-tetrarchy, - ukuphathwa kwesimo kubantu abane, okwabeka ukuqala kwe-dominat. UDiocletian waba ngumbusi wokuqala waseRoma wenqaba ngokuzithandela iBhodi.

Ubuntwana nentsha

Ngokusho kokucatshangelwa kwesazi-mlando uThimothi uBarnes, ukubalahla kwe-biography kaMbusi WaseRoma kuye kwenziwa ngoDisemba 22, 244. Uzalelwe eDioklettia, umfana wathola igama lesiGrikhi elithi Dioiozer (noma i-Diocl Valery).

Abazali beDiocla babengowesigaba esiphansi, mhlawumbe ubaba wayebhala, futhi umkhulu uyisigqila. Umbusi wesikhathi esizayo soMbuso WaseRoma wehluka emqondweni obukhali, waba nabasebenzi, abasiza uDiokla ukuba angenele ibutho le-Emperor Gallien futhi akhuphuke ngokushesha izitebhisi zomsebenzi.

Umbutho wezempi

Awekho imininingwane yangempela ephathelene neminyaka yokuqala engama-40 yempilo yeDiocla, kucatshangwa ukuthi wakhonza eGaul. Emicimbini yamaRoma ka-282, kukhona okufakiwe kweCarrous Car aqoke ngokuthi i-Receiver yesikhathi esizayo ivimbela izinceku zasekhaya zamasosha ama-elite ama-cavalry ahlobene ngqo nesigodlo.

Imoto yafa nezimo ezingachazwanga (kusuka kumthelela wombani noma kusuka kulesi sifo) phakathi kwempi ne-Persion. Ama-brazers ebhodi ashintshele ezandleni zabantwana bakwaKarina nenombolo. Abafowethu bahlukanisa amandla ngokufanayo: UKarin wathatha izikhundla eNtshonalanga, eMaritian - empumalanga. Okokugcina, kucatshangelwa ukufa kukababa kuwuphawu olubi, kwagcizelela ukuphuma kwempi. U-Naturan ushone ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokuba neminyaka esihlalweni sobukhosi. Imbangela yokufa impela ayikaziwa - ukubulala okwenziwe ngumqatho wokufaka ama-arrya arrage, noma ukugula kwamehlo.

Ngemuva kokushona kwezinombolo, amabutho amaRoma wenqaba ukwamukela uKarina umbusi ogcwele. EMkhandlwini Wezempi ngoNovemba 20, 284, abaholi bezempi nabaholi bakhethwe umbusi kaDiozer. UMbusi omusha wachazwa ezitatshelweni ezinjalo:

"... Indoda ehlakaniphile eyayithanda uMbuso, abangaphansi kwayo ababengakwazi ukwenza lokho izimo zesikhathi ezidingekayo. Wayehlala egcwele imidwebo ephezulu. "

Ngalo lolo suku, i-diocl, engenise ezingutsheni zombuso, yanikeza ukwethembeka kuhulumeni futhi yavuma ekufeni kwezibalo. Amawayini okubulala alala e-APRA. Phambi kwebutho, uMbusi omusha waveza inkemba washayela umsizi. Emva kwalokho, "isiko" diocl yathatha igama elisha - uGuy Aureli Valery Diocletian.

Indikimba Ebusayo

ENtshonalanga, wayesahlala ngokuqinile nguKarin. Wayengeke ayeke uDiocletian ngaphandle kwempi, futhi abaphikisi bathutha amabutho komunye nomunye. Amakhosi ahlangane entwasahlobo ka-285 eMfuleni uMarga (manje eseMorava). Ngasohlangothini lukaKarina, kwakukhona amabutho aqine, kepha wayengafuni ukulalela umbusi, owasetshenziswa kabi esiShayamthetho lapho ebhekene neSenate futhi wakhohlisa amakhosikazi. Ngenxa yalokho, ibutho likaDiocletian lawina, futhi uKarin washona ezandleni zabantu bakhe. Ukunqoba kwaphawula ubumbano lwangaphambili loMbuso WaseRoma ngaphansi kwenkosi eyodwa.Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Imisebenzi kaDiocletian yayihlose 'ukugcwala' kombuso, kepha izingxabano zasendaweni zazibila kuyo yonke insimu. UMaximian wasiza umyalo we-Emperor, umngani wesikhathi eside, oneminyaka engama-286 waba yinkomba. Ama-accents ehhovisi abeka inkolo: UDiocletian wathatha igama likaNkulunkulu wasendulo wamaGrikhi weJupita, ekhombisa iqhaza elivelele ekuveleni, naseMaximian - uHercules, umsizi wamaqhawe uYise wabo bonke onkulunkulu bonke.

Ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa kwamandla, uMaximian aqonde entshonalanga, futhi uDiocletian usempumalanga. Ngo-288, uMbusi omkhulu waseRoma waphetha isivumelwano esinokuthula nePheresiya, eqeda ukuphela kwempi eKara.

Ngaleso sikhathi, uMaximian akazange ahambe kahle kahle. UKarauzius, obhekele imisebenzi ngokumelene nePirates, agcina izimpahla ezithathiwe. UMaximian wakhipha isigwebo sentambo ku-traitor, futhi wamemezela njengombusi futhi wakhuthaza iBrithani enkulu neNyakatho neNyakatho neNyakatho Gallia ekuvukeni okuvulekile ngoDiocletian noMaximian. Kodwa-ke, uMbusi omkhulu waseRoma wanikela ngesizotha sakhe okuphambene nalokho ukuze aqonde isitha.

Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Ekuqaleni kuka-291, amakhosi avumile ukuthi kwakungezona izandla ezanele zokuphatha umbuso. Banqume ukuthi "bahlukanise" amandla futhi bakhetha abaseKhayari ababili. Ukukhetha kwehle ngokuvela kukaChlorine naseGaleria Maximian. Ukuqhubeka kwenyunyana okuqinisekisiwe okuhlobene nezixhumanisi: amaConaches athatha umkakhe uFoodoro, i-Parderifa Maximia, kanti igalari ixhumana nomshado we-UZami noGiocletian.

Inyunyana, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-tetrarchy, okungukuthi, "iBhodi ezine", yasho ukuthi umhlangano womndeni, ngakho-ke uDiocletian noMaximian kusukela manje babizene nabazalwane, negalari futhi babona ngokusemthethweni amadodana abo. Ngemuva kokusuka kombusi abaphezulu, "izindlalifa zabo" zabusa.

Ngo-294, iNkosi uNarsa yabusa, yamemezela ngokushesha impi yoMbuso WaseRoma. Ukusa kuqala kwavela ukuba kube yigalari ye-Troop endaweni yaseNtshonalanga Armenia. UDiocletian Hulil "Indodana" yokuphuthelwa, futhi eminyakeni elandelayo, inqwaba yokunqoba okukhulu iwine igalari. Ngo-299, uNarsa wathandazela isihe, alahlekelwe kakhulu emazweni nasengcebweni. Ensimini yePheresiya yangaphambili, uMbusi oyinhloko wahlela leli gama, okungukuthi, okugeza kwasendulo kwamaRoma.

Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Ukubuya enkundleni yempi, amakhosi nezingane zabo "bahlatshelwa esilwaneni ukuze bafunde ikusasa. Umpristi akakwazanga 'ukufunda "ukungena ngaphakathi, okusola amaKristu akhona ngesiko. Lapho-ke ama-Emporirs ayalele wonke amalungu esigodlo ukuthi ahlanganyele emhlatshelweni ukubala abantu, i-pantheon yamaRoma engalungile.

Kucatshangwa ukuthi i-George Proorpandist yoshushiso kwakuyigalari yobuqaba, hhayi uDiocletian, owayencike ekubekezeleni ngokwenkolo. Kodwa-ke, nguYe, uMbusi omkhulu, ngo-302 waqala abalandeli abahlubukayo bomprofethi uMani, okusolwa ukuthi basongele uMbuso. Kucatshangwa ukuthi inkolo kaMani yaqhamuka ePheresiya. Abanye abantu bashise bephila, futhi nabo iManichaean iyasebenza.

NgoFebhuwari 303, uDiocletian ekuncomeni kwe-Oracle wamemezela amahhashi endawo yonke yamaKristu. Inqubo yaqala ngokubhujiswa kwethempeli eNikomide. NgoFebhuwari 24, umbusi wanyathelisa umyalo wokuqala kumaKristu, owakumisela ukubhujiswa kwemiBhalo namathempeli kulo lonke umbuso. AmaKhristu athatha ilungelo lokukhuleka akhuleke aye enkantolo, amaFreems abuyiselwa ebugqilini.

Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Imibhalo elandelayo yeDiocletian ephoqelekile ukubopha abapristi. Amajele akhungathekiswa abalandeli bokholo lobuKristu, kwadingeka ayekele izigebengu ezijwayelekile - amasela nababulali. NgoNovemba 303, umbusi wamemezela ukuxolelwa kulabo abavuma ukuletha isisulu konkulunkulu, kwathi lapho okulandelayo ukukhetha kwakubangela ukuba nzima kakhulu - ukubamba iqhaza kokuzinikela noma ekufeni.

Ekugcineni yeka ukushushiswa wakwazi iKonstantin the Great, Ndodana ConcOrine. Lapho esezandleni ngo-306, yena, njengowumbusi owukuphela kombuso waseRoma, wamemezela ubuKristu enkolweni evelele.

Impilo yomuntu siqu

Ngo-293, uDiocletian washada neprisithi lobuKristu. Igalari Valery yazalwa emshadweni, yakhuliswa okholweni lobuKristu. Ukubopha ngempilo yombusi kakwakhe akuzange kulondoloze abesifazane ekushushisweni - ngo-303, uPrsk noGleriy baphoqeleka ukuba banikele ngesilwane 'esimhlophe' igama labo. Ngemuva kokushona kwegalari, umfazi kaGaleriyi, nowesifazane waseGeletian bebefuna isiphephelo kumakhosi amaRoma eLitinia naseMaximi II Daza, kodwa ukuphela kwawo kwakulindele ukuthi uyaxolisa: Ukufika kwawo kwakungu-315.

Ukushona

NgoNovemba 304, impilo kaDiocletian yawohloka kakhulu. Akazange asishiye isigodlo ebusika, kwathi ngoDisemba 13, izindaba zokufa zahlukaniswa. UNicomedia wangena ekulilile, kodwa ngeze - ngoMashi 1, 305, uDiocletian waphinde wavela emphakathini, ekhathele futhi ebonakalisa ngokuphelele.

I-GELEMS, ibona isimo sikaYise esinzima, saphoqelela lokho kwenqaba amandla. NgoMeyi 1, 305, egqumeni, lapho uDiocletian kwathiwa ungumbusi, waphumela egunyeni. Emlandweni waseRoma wasendulo, lokhu kwenzeka okokuqala. Ngasikhathi sinye, uMaximian wadlula isiko noDiocletian.

Ngemuva kokusuka kukaDiocletian noMaximian, iTetrarchy yanikeza ukwehluleka. Izakhamizi ze-Carnita ekhuleka uMbusi Wezintaba ubuyela emandleni ukuxazulula ukungezwani kwesihlalo sobukhosi. UDiocletian waphendula:

"Uma umbusi wabona iklabishi, engangiphakamisa lapha ngezandla zami, akavumanga ukuthumela ukungiphakamisa ukuthi ngithathe indawo leyo ekhoneni lokuthula nenjabulo emhlabeni, ligcwele ukuhaha."

UDiocletian wabona ukuthi uhlelo lwe-tetrarchical luphuke kanjani, luhlakazeke yizifiso zobugovu zabazongeli. Wezwa uMaximian wazama ukuphinda athole amandla, kepha wagwetshwa ukubulawa kwakhe futhi idarandio Memoriae, okungukuthi, isiqalekiso senkumbulo. Ngisho nasendlini yalowo owayengumphathi wezithombe zombusi kanye nemifanekiso yomfowabo "wangaphambili" wabhujiswa.

Mhlawumbe ephepheni uDiocletian wazibulala. Ukufa kwafika ngoDisemba 3, 312.

Ukukhumbula

UDiocletian uthathwa njengomsunguli wedolobha laseSplit e-Croatia yesimanje, esekhule ezungeze isigodlo esiqinile sombusi. Namuhla, lesi sikhumbuzo sokwakha, esakhiwe ngo-305, sihlobisa isikhungo esingokomlando.