UFrancis Scarina - isithombe, i-biography, impilo yomuntu siqu, imbangela

Anonim

I-Biograge

I-Biography of the Eastern Slavic Entercher nososayensi uFrancis Skorne bahlotshaniswa nobuciko, umuthi, ifilosofi nezilimi. Omunye wabameleli abakhulu kakhulu beBelarus ekugcineni kwe-XV - Ukuqala kwamakhulu eminyaka we-XVI kushiye isikhumbuzo sezincwadi ngesimo seBhayibheli esihunyushwe ngolimi lweBhayibheli oluhunyushelwe eSontweni LaseSlavonic. Njengamanje, ubuntu be-Humanity yesikhathi esedlule kuhlonishwa ngabantu abaningi abaseburvini. Igama lakhe libizwa ngamanyuvesi kanye nemigwaqo, kanye ne-oda ne-medal enikezwe ukufaneleka emkhakheni wesayensi, ubuciko kanye nemisebenzi yezenhlalo.

Ubuntwana nentsha

UFrancis Lukich Slorgin wazalwa ebonke kwa-1470 edolobheni lasePolotsk, okwakukhona ezikhathini zasendulo abephakathi kwemingcele yemkhulukazi waseGrand Lithuania.

I-Self-Portrait Francis Skorina

Ukusho kwabazali okuthiwa uLukia noMargarita bagcinwe encwadini yezikhalazo zeKing Casimir IV yeYagillon IV ye-Yagikullon mayelana nokweba eVelikuksky abahlali ngenani lama-ruble angama-42. Futhi yize lo msebenzi kanye nesimo senhlalo sikababa noMama bahlala bengaziwa, ososayensi basikisela ukuthi babenemali eyanele yokufundisa iNdodana esikoleni sezindela saseBernardines.

Ekuqaleni kwawo-1500s, le nsizwa, eyazi kahle idiploma ne-latin, yangena esikhungweni semfundo esiphakeme kunazo zonke eKrakow. Njengoba sesifunde ubuciko be-7 MAHHALA, phakathi kwawo kwakuyifilosofi, kwesokudla, umuthi kanye nezenkolo, uFrancis wathola iziqu ze-bachelor, wabe esefaka isicelo seziqu zobudokotela eyunivesithi yase-Italian ePadua.

Ulwazi ngezilimi kanye ne-rhetoric kwasiza iSkorne Colunce ososayensi be-aristocrats ukuba balalele insizwa empofu evela kwinkosazana enkulu. NgoNovemba 9, 1512 ngaphambi kososayensi wezilaleli esisezingeni eliphakeme, yena nodumo lwema evivinyweni 2 futhi waba udokotela wesayensi yezokwelapha.

Isikhumbuzo kuFrancis Skorne

Futhi yize uFrancis engakaze afunde esikhungweni esiyinhloko semfundo eVenetian Republic, maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, imidwebo yakhe yomdwebi wendawo yavela ezindongeni zegalari edumile.

Kamuva, ulwazi lwezokwelapha lweSkorgin lufaka isicelo sokungakhiqizi okungekho emthethweni kweNkosi yePolish Sigismund ye-Italy ngawo-1520s, futhi kamuva kamuva eMnyatheli waseLithuania eWilna.

Izincwadi

Kwenzekani ngesiphetho sikaSkorne ngo-1512-1517, namanje sihlala siyimfihlakalo, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi imininingwane elandelayo, washiya umuthi futhi waba nesithakazelo emthanjeni.

Ukuhlala ePrague, uFrancis wahlela ukuthayipha futhi waqala ukudluliswa kwezincwadi ezivela kulimi lweBandla kuya e-East Slavic. Lapho esezame ubuchwepheshe eShunu, wabheka ngohlobo lokuqala lweBelarusian ephrintiwe, i-polotsk yendabuko yethule inzalo yezincwadi ezingama-23 zamasiko eBhayibheli futhi yenza umnikelo omkhulu esikweni lomhlaba.

I-Francis Praining Machine Skirina

Abaphenyi baphikisana isikhathi eside ngolimi lwezincwadi zenkolo kaSkorne, ngoba inzuzo ye-Church Slavic yagcinwa kuyo ngamagama nezinkulumo nezinkulumo. Ngenxa yalokho, baphetha ngokuthi izincwadi zephrinta zaziyibhodi lokuhlela elihle kakhulu, elenziwe lula, liqondiswe futhi lavumelana namaqiniso.

Imisebenzi eyaqhamuka emishinini ye-skorne yayiyimpumelelo eyingqayizivele yalesosikhathi. Ingezwa izithonjana ezinamalungelo okushicilela kanye nokuphawula, bathola umlingiswa wezwe futhi bathola umBhalo oNgcwele kubafundi banoma yiliphi izinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphrinta yenze ukugxila ekubalulekeni emfundweni, okwakukhona ngaphambi kwalokho kwavela emisebenzini yezazi zefilosofi zaseYurophu zaseYurophu ezedlule.

Ngokwakheka kwezincwadi, ama-scarin enziwe ngokuzimela, ama-monograms kanye nezinye izinto zokuhlobisa. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuhlelwa kwangempela kwaba nje kuphela izikhumbuzo zezincwadi, kodwa futhi nemisebenzi yobuciko obuhle.

Ukuthayipha kukaFrancis Skorne eWilna

Ekuqaleni kuka-1520s, isimo ePrague sayeka ukuba sithandeke, futhi uFrancis wayeka indlu yokuphrinta wabuyela ezweni lakubo. Qalisa kabusha ukukhiqizwa eBelarus, wakhipha iqoqo lezindaba zenkolo nezenkolo zokufunda ezemfundo, ezaziwa ngokuthi "incwadi encane yokubingelela". Kulolu hlobo, iphrinta yenza umlobi futhi uthisha ojwayele ukusabalaleliswa imiqondo ebaluleke kakhulu yokuthula okungokwemvelo nangomphakathi, ukutshela ngekhalenda, izinkanyezi, amaholide abantu.

Entwasahlobo ka-1525 emishini etholakala eWilna Workshop, iSkorgin yakhipha ukudalwa kokugcina komphostoli, yabe isihamba ihamba eYurophu.

Ibhayibheli elinyatheliswe nguFrancis Skirina ngo-1517

Abaphenyi namanje abanaso isiqiniseko sendlela ethathiwe futhi ayikwazi ukubhala amaqiniso athakazelisayo kanye nemicimbi ebalulekile. Ikakhulu, awukho umbono ovumayo ekuvakasheni eJalimane nemihlangano nomsunguli weProthestani uMartin Luther, izinhloso zomsebenzi wezemfundo eMoscow zihlala ziphikisana.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi kusuka kwalawa mazwe asempumalanga yeSlavic Ukuvikelwa kuxoshwe imibono yamakhambi, futhi imisebenzi yakhe enyatheliswe ngezindlela zamaKatolika zashiswa esidlangalaleni.

Emva kwalokho, iSkorIn cishe ayizange ihlanganyele emthandweni futhi yasebenza ePrague enkantolo yeNkosi uFerdinand ngangingumlimi noma udokotela.

Ifilosofi nenkolo

Emndeni kanye nokuphawula kokuhlelwa kwezenkolo, iSkorgin yazibonakalisa njengesazi sefilosofi ezalandela isikhundla semfundo yososayensi baseNtshonalanga Yurophu abantu baseNtshonalanga. Ufaniswe nokwakhiwa kwabantu futhi wacela ukuthuthukiswa kwama-diplomas namakhono ezinhlamvu.

I-Portait kaFrancis Skorne eCoin yemali yokuzalwa

Njengomdlandla wokuba nenkantolo ye-Lithuanian Perristriction Prigiderity, uFrancis ngobuqotho wayeyithanda ngokweqiniso izwe lakubo futhi wayekholelwa ukuthi imibono yakhe ibophekile ukuba ihlanganyele wonke umuntu ohloniphekile. Imibhalo esebhayibhelini yaba negalelo ekusakazweni kwendawo yokubuka yabezindaba, ukunakekela imfundo yobuntu, inhlangano yomphakathi kanye nokusungulwa kwempilo ephephile enokuthula emhlabeni.

Azikho izinkomba eziqondile zenkolo kanye nokuzibandakanya kwezenkolo kwedolobhana lasePolotsk. Izinqolobane zigcinile iphepha, ngokusho kwalo uFrancis angaba ngamazwi akhona, wabizwa kaninginingi oyisihlubuki nokwakheka.

Ejabule ngemisebenzi ebhalwe ngemikhono yamaKatolika, iSkorgin ingaba ngumlandeli weSonto LaseNtshonalanga Yurophu YaseYurophu, abazibheka njengeziphathi zeqiniso emhlabeni.

Isikhumbuzo esiya eFrancis Scarina eKaliningrad

Ukuze bathande lokhu, izinguqulo 'zezaga nge-Tsar Solomon' kanye "nezingoma", ezagxekwa zashiswa zashiswa nabapristi base-Orthodox eMoscow.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isihlobo sabaphrinta uJohn Chrysans, ngokwemibhalo engokomlando, bekungumKatolika oshisekayo kanye no-Archbishop olinganisekayo. Lokhu kunikeza ilungelo lokucabanga ukuthi zonke izingane ze-geus slorgin zakhuphuka ngokholo olulodwa futhi zabhapathizwa kumasiko, okuyisikhathi eside zisungulwe ama-Roman Portffs.

Kodwa-ke, kunombono wokuthi uFrancis akavumanga ngokuphelele ku-Orthodoxy. Lokhu kuthiwa ngalolu shicilelo luka-1522-1525, lapho izici zesimo sephiko elishiwoyo lwemfundiso yobuKristu zikhombise: I-East Slavic Saints Boris, i-Irion, i-Gleb kanye nezinye, kanye namahubo angcwele e-Slavic-Russia UmBhalo.

UFrancis Scarina - isithombe, i-biography, impilo yomuntu siqu, imbangela 11734_8

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi bathola ukuthi ngemuva kokuhlolwa ePudua Skorina bathole idiploma esakhiweni sasenyuvesi, hhayi ethempelini, njengamanye amaChotolics Gradeates.

Inkolo yesithathu neyokuzenzeka kakhulu ebizelwe nguSkorne ibhekwa njengeProthestani. Uma uthanda lokhu, ubudlelwano nabaguquki kanye nomsunguli we-Lutheranism, kanye nenkonzo yeKönigsberg Duke Albrecht Brandenburg Ansbakh, nayo iyachazwa.

Impilo yomuntu siqu

Imilando icishe ibe namaphepha ahlobene nokuphila komuntu kanye nomndeni kaFrancis Skorne. Kusuka ekuphanzi okufushane kuyacaca ukuthi maphakathi nawo-1520s, unkosikazi wokukhanyiswa waba ngumfelokazi ongumthengisi ogama lakhe linguMargarita.

Isikhumbuzo kuFrancis Skorne ekuholeni

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imininingwane efakwe ezandleni zezimbali zezimbali, mayelana nomdala mfowethu u-Ivan Skon Storne, oshiye isikweletu esinyathelisiwe nezimangalo zabakweletwayo ngemuva kokufa.

Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1529, lapho uFrancis elahlekelwa ngumlingani wakhe futhi waletha indodana encane kaSimeyoni yedwa. Imiphumela yaba yinhlekelele, ngoba indoda neshwa ngemiyalo yombusi waseLithuani bafakwa ejele futhi kuphela ukukhathazeka komshana ka-Roman Skonne ukwazile ukuzothethelela, inkululeko kanye nokuthembeka okuphelele kusuka empahleni nasekuthandeni.

Ukushona

Njengamaqiniso amaningi avela empilweni kaFrancis Skaryna, usuku oluqondile nembangela yokufa alwaziwa.

Itshe lesikhumbuzo sikaFrancis Skorne ePolotsk

Ososayensi baphakamisa ukuthi lokhu kwenzeke ePrague cishe nge-1551, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi bekungenxa yenzalo eqondile yephrinta yafika kuleli dolobha ukuyongena emalungelweni wefa kayise.

Ngenkumbulo yempumelelo kaLekary, ephrintiwe, isazi sefilosofi kanye nokukhanyiswa enhlokodolobha yaseBelarus, u-Minsk wafaka itshe lesikhumbuzo, waqamba kabusha imigwaqo eyisici, wakhipha uhlamvu lwemali ngesithunzi se-ruble esingu-1.

Ukukhumbula

  • I-Gymnasium eqanjwe ngemuva kukaFrancis Skorne eRastoshkovichi
  • I-Central Avenue eqanjwe ngoFrancis Skorne ePolotsk
  • Ipheshana eliqanjwe ngemuva kukaFrancis Skorina eMinsk
  • Iplanethi encane №3283 "Francis Scarina"
  • Film fil film "I, Francis Cumonin ..."
  • Izikhumbuzo uFrancis Skorne ePolotsk, Minsk, Lida, Kaliningrad, ePrague
  • CO COIN USSR Isithunzi Sesithunzi 1 I-ruble ukuhlonipha iminyaka engama-500 kaFrancis Skorne
  • UGomeli State University ogama lakhe linguFrancis Skorne

Funda kabanzi