U-Eduard Shevardnadze - isithombe, i-biography, impilo yomuntu siqu, imbangela yokufa, owayengumongameli wangaphambili waseGeorgia

I-Biograge

U-Eduard amvrosieviving Shevardnadze ungowayengumongameli wangaphambili waseGeorgia. Ukuba khona kohlelo lwezepolitiki lwaseSoviet, olukwazile ukwakha umsebenzi ophansi futhi lukhuphuke e-Olimpiki yezepolitiki. Umsebenzi wakhe uhlolwa yinzalo ngezindlela ezihlukile - othile ukholelwa ukuthi wasindisa uGeorgia ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwezwe ngemuva kokuhlakazeka kwenyunyana ngemuva kokuhlakazeka kwenyunyana.Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Abanye bagxeka lokho amphonsa lapho eqhubeka nabeluleki baseMelika abancome ukwamukela "i-rose Revolution" kanye nomholi wakhe uMikhail Saakashvili futhi wenqabe amandla. Kunoma ikuphi, u-Eduard Ambrosieving uyindlu enkulu emlandweni wesimanje waseGeorgia. Ukuze isitayela kwezepolitiki Shevardnadze sabizwa ngokuthi impungushe yesiliva.

Ubuntwana nentsha

Wazalwa ngoJanuwari 25, 1928 edolobhaneni laseMatima Lanchshutsky esifundeni saseGeorgia SSR. Ngobuzwe, abaseGeorgiya. Uyise wasebenza njengothisha wolimi nezincwadi zaseRussia, umama - umfazi wasendlini. Lo mndeni ubujwayele kakhulu, futhi amagama ezingane ajwayelekile eGeorgia. Umfowethu womfundi wabizwa ngokuthi i-evgraffic, okulandelayo - lo dade, udadewabo waliqamba igama likaVenus.

"Konke ukugcotshwa kogogo bethu kuyise. Wayenelungelo ukunika izingane. Uchithekile, wafundile futhi wayethanda amagama ajwayelekile, "u-Eduard amrosifich wachaza engxoxweni.

UMfoweth 'u-Akaki kuphela uthole igama lesiko laseGeorgia. Kepha u-Eduard uqobo, ugogo wakhe wabuye wambiza naye. Ubaba womndeni wacishe wacindezelwa. Waxwayiswa ngomunye wabafundi, futhi i-Amvelone yaphoqeleka ukuba icashe. Ngenhlanhla, emndenini omkhulu, konke kwaphela kahle.

Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Kuyaziwa ukuthi umfowabo osekhulile uShevardnadze Akaki ushone ngesikhathi sama-20 lapho evikela inqaba yeBrest ngo-19 ngo-1941.

Kusukela eminyakeni eyi-10, u-Eduard uqala ukusiza abazali futhi abe nemisebenzi yeposi. Umama nobaba baphupha ukuthi yiNdodana ukuze baba udokotela. ECaucasus nabazali ngeke baphikisane, futhi u-Eduard wahamba eTbilisi. Lapha wangena kwinqubo yezokwelapha, eyaphothula iziqu. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthweswa iziqu, isikhundla sekhanda soMnyango weKomsomol samukelwa.

Ebusheni bakhe, uShevardnadze ubonakalisa nge-komsomol enamandla, imvamisa iphikisana nentsha yaseGeorgia ngezinkulumo ezizayo. Ama-comrade aphezulu ephathini, amaKhomanisi, aqaphele insizwa esebenzayo futhi aqale ukuwukhuthaza ku-Menchenclature yeqembu. Kakade eminyakeni engama-25, u-Eduard uba ngunobhala wokuqala we-komsomol Gorm eKutaisi.

Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi umama waseShevardnadze akakwazanga ukuthethelela iNdodana kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe, ukuthi wayephefumula abazali bakhe waya kubo. Ubuke wabheka ipolitiki ibhizinisi elingenalutho.

"Kungaba ngcono ukufunda ukulungiselela ukuhlupheka kwami," kusho u-Eduard Woman.

Impilo yezepolitiki esebenzayo ayizange imphazamisele ekutholeni imfundo ephakeme. Unediploma yesikhungo seKutais Pedagogical esiqanjwe ngo-Alexander Tsulukia.

Umsebenzi wezepolitiki

Ngo-1956, amaKhomanisi ahlangana eMoscow kwi-XX Congress Congress (iphathi yamaKhomanisi yeSoviet Union), lapho uNikita Khrushchev ephikisana nokutshalwa kobuntu be-Stalin. Emva kwalokho, izimbangi eziningi zaqala eTbilisi, lapho abantu abasha behileleka khona ngenkuthalo.Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Ngenxa yokusebenzisa izikhali, abantu abangama-21 bafa amasosha. Ngokuphambene nalesi sizinda sale kutaisi kubonakala njengesiqhingi sokuthula - kunesilungiselelo esizinzile. Izazi-mlando azikwazi ukuphikisana ngokuqondile ukuthi lokhu kwakuwumqondo wonobhala wokuqala wedolobha laseKomsomol Shevardnadze, kepha uthola ithuba elisha - okubhalwe phansi konobhala wokuqala weKKKSM Georgian SSR kuphathisiwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, eCongress ye-XIII yenhlangano yeKomsomol, kwenzeka umcimbi ongumbhalo wezwe - ukujwakwa ngeMikhail Gorbachev.

Kusukela ngo-1961, uShevadrardnadze uqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe osezingeni le-CPSU. Unobhala wokuqala weKomidi eliKhumanisi leqembu lamaKhomanisi le-vasily mzhavanche liqoka u-Edward amvrosievied yiphini likaNgqongqoshe wokuqala wokuvikelwa komphakathi. Abaningi babheka hhayi ukukhushulwa, kepha kubhekiselwe.

Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Ngo-1965, uShevardnadze uhola inkonzo yokuvikelwa kwenqubo, waqamba kabusha kamuva enkonzweni yezangaphakathi. Ukwanda kwakhe kwagqugquzelwa ngusihlalo wezokuxhumana we-USSR KGB Vladimir Sempepass. Kulesi sikhundla ukuthi uthola izimbotshana zesiliva izimpunga zayo ezimpunga, ezazivele ngaleso sikhathi, kanye nekhono lokushiya izimo ezinzima kakhulu.

Kulesi sikhundla, iShevaddadnadze yaphawula imichilo yezinhlaka zezinhlangano zangaphakathi zangaphakathi. Njengoba inkonzo "indiza" okuthiwa ama-bushevers ehlombe, eyayenza ukufumbathisa.

Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Ngo-1972, waqokwa unobhala wokuqala weKomidi eliKhomidi lamaKhomanisi le-Georgian SSR. Masinyane umkhankaso wokulwa nenkohlakalo nomnotho wethunzi uyaqala. Eminyakeni eyodwa nengxenye, i-Eduard amvrosieving, inqwaba yabafundisi, onobhala besigodi namadolobhana, amasekela abo alahlekelwe okuthunyelwe kwawo.

Ngo-1978, ihlazo liyahlukana eGeorgia. Kuphrojekthi entsha yoMthethosisekelo weRiphabhulikhi yolimi lwaseGeorgia ayizange inamathisele isimo sikahulumeni. Imibhikisho Eningi iyaqala. Ingxabano iphazamisa noShevardnadze, oqinisekisile ubuholi bezwe ukwenza abantu baseGeorgia babuze. Ofakazi bokuzibonela bemboni bathi ngemuva kocingo eMoscow nasengxoxweni ne-Gensen Leonid Brezhnev, u-Edward amvrosievch wafika esixukwini wathi:

"Bazalwane, konke kuzoba yindlela ofuna ngayo!".

Ngo-1985, uShevardnadze uyasebenza eposini likaNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle ye-USSR. UMikhail Gorbachev weza emandleni ezweni. Isinqumo sibangela ukusabela okuxakile - U-Eduard Amvrosievch akanawo umuzwa wenqubomgomo yakwamanye amazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibopho ezinjengezengezo ezinjalo zibe nezilimi zakwamanye amazwe, lapho uShevardnadze futhi enezinkinga. Ngalesi sizathu, kuqalwa ekuqaleni ngokwezigaba, kepha i-oda lingumyalo.

UGorbachev njengodokotela obaliwe ukuthi kukhona iqhinga elikhethekile lokwakha ubudlelwano nentshonalanga. Ngecebo lakhe, iShevardnadze kufanele kube ubuso benqubomgomo yokucabanga okusha. Futhi waphumelela. Engxoxweni nohlelo "ukuvakashela uDmitry Gordon", uhola ucaphuze encwadini ye-Biographical of the US uMengameli wase-US Ronald Reagan, ophendula "onozwela weSoviet Union."

UShevadnadze wakwazi "ukuqala kabusha" ubudlelwane namazwe aseNtshonalanga, ngenxa yalokho kwaqedwa "impi ebandayo" yesikhathi eside. Ngokuzibandakanya kwakhe, isiphetho samasosha aseSoviet esifundeni sase-Afghanistan senziwa.

Ngo-December 1990, ku-VI Congress of Peoplees's Peenties, ezombusazwe Memezela, isizathu sokungaboni ngaso linye noMikhail Gorbachev. Ubufakazi bokuthi bucayi bezinhloso zakhe ukuphela okuphuma kochungechunge lweqembu lamaKhomanisi. Ngemuva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, usopolitiki uhlala maphakathi nokunakwa kwabezindaba. Ngokufika kwamandla, uBoris Yeltsin mayelana nokubuyela kwakhe eMoscow kanye nesikhundla esisha akusona nenkulumo.

UMongameli waseGeorgia

Ngo-1992, unikezwa ukuthatha ibhodi likahulumeni waseGeorgia. Uyavuma, njengoba eqiniseka ukuthi ukube ubengabuyanga, izwe ngabe selifile. Ngawo lowo nyaka, kuphakama ingxabano phakathi kukaGeorgia no-Abkhazia, owaveza isifiso sokuhlukanisa nombuso ozimele. Ibutho laseGeorgia kulokhu kuxabana lihlushwa ukunqotshwa ngemuva kokuqothuka ngendiza engaziwa. Ensimini ye-Abkhaz kukhona imisebenzi ye-inter-ernic.

Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Okhethweni lwango-1995 no-2000, uShevardnadze uwina ezimbangi, kodwa akakwazi ukuba ngumholi wabantu baseGeorgia. Imizamo kabili ithatha imizamo. Ngo-1995, walinyazwa ngemuva kokuqhuma kwebhomu, kwathi ngo-1998 waphila ngenxa yezikhali "zeMercedes".

Ekwindla ka-2003, ubuningi bendabuko ngemuva kokhetho ePhalamende luqala ezweni. Ukuphikiswa kubheka imiphumela eqabuki. Ngakho-ke kuqala i- "rose Revolution", okuholela ekushibeni kweShevardnadze. Umhlaba wonke wayevikele amafreyimu, njengoba ayenezandla ezihlanganisiwe egumbini lokuhlangana.

Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

E-Biography, ipolitiki incintisana. Iziphathimandla ezintsha zimthumele ekuthatheni umhlalaphansi, usayizi wawo u- $ 410 njalo ngenyanga. U-Eduard amvrosievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievievieviel wakhala ngokuthi unemali yokuvala izinkokhelo zokusetshenziswa. Waqhubeka nokuhlala endaweni yakhe yokuhlala. UMbuso wamkhokhela ukuba amvikele, futhi imoto yaveza ubuholi baseJalimane.

Indlu yakhe yayifana nemnyuziyamu. Izindonga zinezithombe eziningi lapho kuthathwa khona izikhathi zezepolitiki zezepolitiki.

Impilo yomuntu siqu

Ukuba sekwelashweni eSanatorium, u-Eduard uhlangana nentombazane i-tsagareshvili yentombazane. Imizwa yavutha ngokushesha phakathi kwabantu abasha. Kwavela ukuthi uBaba wahlekiswa - isitha sabantu ababevele bedutshuliwe ngaleso sikhathi. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, uShevardnadze unquma ukushada nentombazane. Wabangelwa izingxoxo zokuvimbela ekomitini eliphambili, lapho bazama khona ukuchaza ingozi yokwenyusa umthetho. Kepha u-Eduard akwenqabi othandekayo.Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Wajabula empilweni yakhe. Kwazalwa kuzalwa izingane ezimbili emshadweni: indodana kaPepate nendodakazi yaseManan. Abalingani Shevardnadze baba umkhulu onakekelayo nonothando nogogo wabazukulu abane. Unkosikazi waganwa ngobuntatheli, wayengumngane nomphilisi odumile.

Umlingani u-Edward Shevardnadze ushone ngo-2004 eneminyaka engama-75 ubudala. Imbangela yokufa yaba yisifo senhliziyo. Ngaphandle kokuthandwa, uMongameli Wangaphambili WaseGeorgia wawusuke waphila eminye iminyaka eyi-10.

Ukushona

Iminyaka yokugcina yempilo ka-Amvrosieving yayigula kakhulu. Umgomo wokufa usufikile ngoJulayi 7, 2014. NgoJulayi 11, kwaqhutshwa inceku yombango, kwathi ezinsukwini ezimbili kamuva - umngcwabo. Ngokusho kwentando, isiphephelo sokugcina sika-Eduard Amvrosieving Shevaddardnad saba yigceke lendlu yakhe yaseTbilisi, eduze kwethuna lalinamahloni.

-Zuzayo

• 1981 - Iqhawe Labasebenzi Socianist
• Imiyalo emi-5 yeLenin
• Ukuhleleka kwe-Okthoba Revolution
• 1985 - Ukuhleleka kwempi yokuthanda izwe lonke
• Order of Labour Red Banner
• 1999 - Order of Prince Yaroslav Wise degree