Umlando Wemilingiswa
Indaba ka-Ivan Sergeevich TurgegenEV "Mumu" ngumsebenzi omuhle wezincwadi zomhlaba. Le yindaba ethinta inhliziyo mayelana nekusasa elinzima lobuhlobo benqaba, izindinganiso zabo ezilula nezixazululo ezinokhahlo, ezikwazi inhliziyo egqokile yalabo abathole amandla. Kususelwa ekudutshulweni kwendaba yekhathuni efanayo.Umlando wendalo
I-biography yombhali ayidlangi indima yokugcina emsebenzini wayo. Uzalelwe emndenini womnini wasemhlabeni, ekhombisa unya kwabalimi, umfana wabuka ubudlova obubi phezu kwalabo abangakwazi ukuphendula inzondo yakhe yecala. Ukuqonda amandla okulimaza umphakathi, iTurgenev kuphikisana ne-serfdom. Endabeni, "uMumu" kwakukhona ukuboniswa kwezigameko ezenzeka efeni lakhe elijwayelekile.
Umsebenzi ngokubhala uhambe, ngenkathi umbhali esephethe. Wayengelula ngokufa kukaNikolai Vasilyevich Gogol. Ukuba ngumlobi osondelene naye, wayekhathazeke kakhulu ngokufa kwakhe, enze udokotela wezengqondo. Kwakungekho zwi ngokufa kukaGogol okuphrintiwe. Udokotela we-necrologist oshicilelwe yiMoscow Vedomosti kwakuyisizathu sokuthi iTurgenEV yaboshwa. Endle Wayesenyangeni ngemuva kwenyanga.
Ukuboshwa, i-Turgenev yahlala ekhanhleni, eduze kwekamelo lokubulawa, lapho ama-fasteners alandela. Ulalela njalo ukukhala neminye imikhosi yabantu abakude, umbhali wakhumbula ukuhlukunyezwa okunesihluku, kubanjelwe endlini kanina. Qalisa kabusha imizwa enolwazi engqondweni, imoto yabhala le ndaba ka- "Muma", abadlali bawo amaHeroes, afana nonina kanye nomkhanyisi bendawo ka-Andreri ka-Andreli. Incazelo yokwakha yathi isenzo sasikhula endlini Nombolo 37, etholakala ku-Ostozhenka Street. Le ndlu eMoscow ingabonakala namhlanje.
Isakhiwo semisebenzi sifana nendaba, okuyi-Turgenv yabona umfana. UJanitor u-Andrei wayeyi-serf, elethwe ngunina edolobhaneni. Ukuvela komlimi kwathi wayengumbulali wangempela waseRussia. Inkinga ukuthi wayeyisithulu phansi. Umgcini we-janitor waba nezici ezinhle zomlingiswa, adonsela umnikazi womhlaba. Intukuthelo yokuqongelela kanye nokubulawa kwawela inkosikazi, futhi wonke uMoscow wakhuluma ngamandla akhe amakhulu.
Ngolunye usuku, u-Andrei wathola umdlwane wamyisa egcekeni. UBaryna wayala ukuba asuse isilwane. I-janitor ayizange ifune ukungalaleli. Akazange abulale umdlwane, kepha akazange avele futhi endlini. I-Turgengev yashintsha owokugcina kwendaba, imfaka ngamandla amakhulu. Isimo seqhawe eqanjiwe sasijule kune-prototype yakhe.
Akukona ngengozi ukuthi umlingiswa oyinhloko ubizwa ngeGerasim, okusho ukuthi "Okuthandekayo". Lokhu kugcizelela futhi izinga lokukhulekelwa kweqhawe phambi kwamandla e-hostess. Ngemuva kokuthi umsebenzi weTurgenev usutholakala emphakathini, igama elithi gerasim livame ukusetshenziselwa elithi elithile. Zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izithulu nesimungulu.
"Mu Mu"
Ubuso obukhulu bendaba lendaba kwakuyi-gerasim yabampofu ne-dulasim eyisimungulu. Isifo sokugula sahamba nomsolwa kusukela ekuzalweni, kepha ngokwengxenye kunxeshezelwa ngamandla omzimba. Noma yiliphi ibhizinisi lapho umlimi athathwa ngalo. Impilo edolobhaneni futhi idolobha lalihluke kakhulu kumuntu. Amabhuloho namatshe nezindlu zabangela ukulangazelela kwakhe edolobhaneni nemvelo. Yena, njengesilwane sasendle, ekhiyiwe ekhejini, alimala.
Edolobheni, uGerasim wayenomsebenzi omncane, ngakho-ke kwakukhona isikhathi samahhala. Akazange akhulume ngegceke, ngoba ukubonakala kwakhe kwesaba okuzungezile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, waqala ukuzwa indawo kaTatiana, eyanomsindo. Wenza izinyathelo nezenzo ezinamahloni eziya kowesifazane, kepha isinqumo se-subsidia sivimbele injabulo yabo. UTatiana wayeshade ne-capitone. UGerasim wayekhathazeke kakhulu ngalesi sifo. Cishe uzozishada. Inyunyana yabo engasunguliwe isiphenduke isipiliyoni esikhulu seqhawe.
Wayevame ukubonwa uSully futhi edangele, ngoba okuwukuphela kwayo kwabhujiswa. Ngibone ngezikhathi ezithile inja yathungatha empilweni yeGerasim. Wambamba emfuleni. Cishe othile wayefuna ukuminza umdlwane, kepha umninindlu wamsiza ukuba abaleke. Ukuba yisithulu kwashicilelwa isilwane, samhlonipha njengengane encane. Wanika inja yonke ithenda nothando eqoqiwe eshawini. Ayikwazi ukuvivinya amagama, wabiza inja kuMama. Babengafani, futhi inja ephelezelwa umnikazi wonyaka nesigamu kuze kube yilapho intokazi yambona.
Inja yathukuthela yinkosikazi futhi yabangela ukunganeliseki kowesifazane. I-butler iyala ukuqeda isilwane. UMammy uthengise ngasese, wesaba uGerasima. Umnikazi ovuthayo wayeka ukubonelela abanye, wayephumile. Akakwazanga ukutshela noma yini kulabo abamphuca umngane. Isimangaliso senzekile: Inja yaphulwa ekuqashweni komnikazi omusha futhi yathola indlu lapho igxile khona. IGerasim ifihla i-muum egumbini, yandiselela ngokucophelela igceke futhi iphinde iphinde iphinde yamukele wonke umsebenzi, isindile ngesilwane. Kwesinye isikhathi wayevakashele inja, futhi ebusuku anqume ukumyisa ekuhambeni.
Inja eshibhile ikhiphe i-gerasim. Le ntokazi yathola ukuthi i-janitor yaxoshwa yi-oda lakhe. Ngentukuthelo, wayala ukuba abhubhise inja. UGerasima kwadingeka athathe lesi sikhwama esindayo. Ukuqamba imvunulo yemikhosi, ukondla inja yokudlela, waphuthuma nesilwane sakhe. Umninindlu uthathe izitini ezimbili nentambo, ungene esikebheni ngenja nokuphelelwa yithemba kusuka ogwini. Kwakufanele athathe isixazululo esinemibandela futhi agcine iZwi. UGerasim waminza inja.
Lo mcimbi ezimpandeni waphenduka impilo yakhe. Iqhawe alikwazanga ukubekezelela ubukhona edolobheni futhi lizibange ngokungasindisi umama. UGerasim wabutha izinto futhi naphezu kwentando yamakhosi ayo wayishiya indlu. Wavukela izixazululo ezingenabulungiswa futhi wakhombisa ubunzima bomlingiswa nokuzimisela. Kwenzekani naphakade kwahlala emphefumulweni weGerasim ngesifiso esindayo. Empeleni kwendaba, iTurgenev ithi i-gerasim ayikaze ikhule empilweni kunoma iyiphi inja futhi yayingenabo ubudlelwano nabesifazane.
Amacaphuna
Esindayo futhi engalindeleki kwakuyisiphetho sabantu abakhethekile ngesikhathi seSerfdom. Ukuzalwa kwezethuli-ne-nezenzelwe ukuthwala isiphambano sobukhona phakathi kwabantu ababengaqondi ukuthi bangakuveza kanjani umuntu ozwayo, ukuthi ungayithola kanjani impendulo evela kubani engakwazi ukukhuluma. Ubuciko bakwaGerasim bangamandla anobuntu kanye nomzimba owavikelwa ekuhlaselweni kwama-serfs. IBarskaya izokonakalisa impilo yomlingiswa.
Naphezu kokungafinyeleleki kwangaphandle kanye nobunzima, uGerasim wayeyindoda enomusa, eyayikusobala ekunakekeleni kwakhe inja:
"Akekho umama onendaba kangaka enakekela ingane yakhe, njengoba uHrasima enakekela isilwane sakhe."
Kuthiwa izilwane ezifuywayo ziyefana nabanikazi bazo. Ubheme uMuma, njengoba uGerasima wayejabule kuze kube iphuzu elithile. Wayethandwa ngemfudumalo ngumniniyo futhi ezwa ukunakekelwa kwakhe, akhokha ukuzinikela.
"UGerasim wamthanda ngaphandle kwenkumbulo ... futhi wayengathandeki lapho abanye bemshaya, wazesaba, noma yena, noma ngabe wayenomona kuye - uNkulunkulu kaNkulunkulu!"Kwenzekani kuMma waba yinhlekelele empilweni yeGerasim. Ukwabelana kwakhe kwadla umthwalo omningi ohlobene nombono wabanye. Ngokushesha nje injabulo, wayehlale ephoqeleka ukuba avale kuye. Wancishwa ama-traifles anjengothando lwezilwane.
"Futhi namanje uhlala uGerasim Bobil endlini yakhe enesizungu, enempilo futhi enamandla."