I-Biograge
UKarl Orf ungumculi waseJalimane kanye nomqambi, izazi-mlando ze-ART ezikubiza ngeBavaria Expender. Imisebenzi yombhali iyahluka futhi ilula, kepha ngasikhathi sinye kahle futhi iyathakazelisa. ICantata "Carmina Burana" ibhekwa njengendalo edume kakhulu ye-Orf. Emsebenzini wakhe, umqambi ugqugquzela i-typimosis yomculo nemidlalo yeshashalazi. Wayengafuni umculo wakhe uhlobane nohlobo lwe-Opera olumsulwa.
Igalelo elikhulu lomculi alikho kuphela efa lomlobi wakhe, liqukethe inqubo ethuthukisiwe yabafundi. I-ORC yacabanga ukukhulisa abantu abasha futhi yenza ukubheja ekwakhiweni kohlangothi lwe-Creative lomuntu.
Ubuntwana nentsha
UMunich waba izwe laseMary Orfa yeKarl. Umfana wazalwa ngoJulayi 10, 1895. Wayengowokuzalwa umjaho wamaJuda. Isimo sokudala sisalokhu sibusa endlini yezithakazi. Ubaba wabaphetha kahle izinsimbi zomculo, ngakho-ke indodana ogqugquzelayo izwakale eminyakeni emincane. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamathuba okudala kwaba nomthelela kumama, owanakekela ukukhuliswa kweNdodana.
Umculo wawunentshisekelo eKarl kusukela ebuntwaneni. Wayethanda ukulalela abazali abadlalayo, futhi kancane kancane waqala ukutadisha izici zamathuluzi. Lapho i-orfacy ibineminyaka engu-4 ubudala, waqala wabona ukusebenza kwethiyetha lemidlalo yeshashalazi. Ingane yahlabeka umxhwele kakhulu futhi kusukela yabe isidlala onodoli.
Eminyakeni engu-5, waqala ukuba kahle umdlalo epiyano. Uthande ukuthuthuka, futhi umculo uGramu wanikezwa ngaphandle kobunzima. Umfana oneminyaka engu-6 unikeze esikoleni. Usuvele wazi ukufunda nokubonga ukubonga umama, izifundo eziphuthelwe yiKarl, kodwa ngezinkondlo ezihlanganisiwe ze-ecstasy ezihlanganisiwe ekhaya. Imisebenzi emibili yabasebasha yaze yaphrinta kumagazini wezingane.
I-Passion emidlalweni yemihlaphe inyuke. UKarl waqala ukubeka imisebenzi eyenziwe ekhaya, eheha udadewabo omncane. Ukhulume ngumlobi womculo, imibhalo kanye neziza. E-14, le nsizwa yavakashela okokuqala indlu ye-opera. Njengoba ejwayelene "nempi yesiDashi" Richard Wagner, wahlabeka umxhwele, waphonsa isikole futhi wachitha sonke isikhathi sopiyano. Ku-16 Karl waphonsa indawo yokuzivocavoca futhi waqala ukulungiselela abazali bakhe ukuba bafundele i-Music Academy. Le nsizwa yafika ngo-1912.
Uhlelo lwe-Academy alusebenzanga ku-orpha ukunambitha. Wangena emsebenzini kaClaude Debussy futhi wayefuna ukuya eParis ukuba afunde esithombeni, kodwa abazali babemelene. Ngemuva kokuqeda ukuqeqeshwa ngo-1914, uKarl waba yikhonsathi endlini ye-Opera futhi waqhubeka nokuthatha izifundo kuHerman Tsilya.
Ngo-1916 wasithola isikhundla se-kamermeser eshashalazini le- "kamershpil". Injabulo yomqambi we-novice yayifushane: waphazamisa impi. Le nsizwa yangena empumalanga, yalimala yadinganiswa yabuyela emuva. Waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe enkundleni yemidlalo yaseManheim, wabe esethuthela eMunich.
Umculo
Efuna ukungena emhlolweni wemininingwane, i-Orf yaba nentshisekelo nge-pedagogy. Ubenzele ukufundisa, ukuxhumana nabaculi abahlela ukungena kwi-Music Academy, kepha umqondo okhona wokufundisa wawungagculisekile. Ngo-1923, kanye nomuntu omaziyo omusha, umhlazizi, uGünther, uKarl wavula i-GuntersHule Dance School nomculo, lapho eba uthisha. Kwamaka ukuqala kokudalwa kwendlela yakhe yemfundo yomculo. Umbhali uchaze umbono wakhe encwadini ethi "Schulverk". Waphuma ngo-1932.
Ukuhlanganiswa kokunyakaza, umculo namazwi kwakukhona enhliziyweni yenqubo ye-Orph. Izindlela zoMculo Wezingane "zihilela ukudalulwa kwamakhono okudala wengane ngokuthuthuka endaweni eyodwa noma kwenye.
Umqambi wanikeza imfundo ngokufunda lo mdlalo kwizinsimbi zomculo. Wathuthukisa "ubuSungcring Recicur", ehlanganisa yonke inqubo ngethemu elijwayelekile. Umculi aze alungiselele izinto zokwakha, ngokuya ngokushintsha, zihlala zifanele ekuthuthukisweni okuhlangene nezingane.
Kancane kancane, umqambi washintsha izinto eziza kuqala futhi waphambanisa nokudala umculo futhi. Isidalwa sakhe esidumile sithathwa njenge- "Carmina Burana" ("Carmina Burana"). Umsebenzi wawususelwa endabeni yezingoma ze- "Boyurin's Izingoma", ezitholakala ngo-1802 esigodlweni sezindela zeBenedictine. Imibhalo yesandla igcinile inkondlo kaGoliradov, owabhala umculo ngaphansi kwawo uKarl wabhala. Izihloko eziphakanyiswe ngababhali bekhulu le-13 zavela ngekhulu lama-20.
Umbhalo wesandla wawuwumdwebo wesondo lemali, owawusebenza njengesisekelo sokwakheka kokwakheka. Isondo liyajikeleza, futhi imizwa ithathelwe indawo endaweni yesehlakalo, isimo sengqondo. "UCarmina Burana" waba yingxenye yokuqala ye-trilogy, ne-catulli carmina neTrionfo di Aflodite - ngemuva kwalokho. Umqambi ngokwakhe wabiza ubuchopho bakhe uMkhosi wakhe wokuvumelana komoya womuntu, walinganisa phakathi kwenyama nangokomoya.
Induna yeCantata yenzeka ngo-1937. Umsebenzi waba nempumelelo enkulu phakathi kwamaNazi abeza emandleni. Ama-goebbels noHitler babengabalandeli bakhe abakhulu. Impumelelo yale ndatshana yahlehlisela yonke inhlanhla yangaphambilini ye-Orph. Ingoma ethi "O Fortuna" ijwayela ngisho nalabo abangaqinile e-Opera.
Igunya likaKarl Orfa laliphakeme kakhulu. Waphathiswa ukudala umculo ukukhiqiza "ukulala ebusuku ehlobo". Indalo kaFeliksi Mendelssohn yabe isivinjelwa eJalimane, futhi kwabonakala ngesixazululo esinye umqambi. I-Orf yahlala yathukutheliswa ngumsebenzi wakhe futhi iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde isebenze umsebenzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-premiere yavalelwa kwaze kwaba ngu-1964.
Ngokumangazayo, njengasekukhoneni kwezimpande zamaJuda, umculi wakwazi ukunqoba indawo kaHulumeni waseJalimane. Emphethweni wempi, wahlelwa ohlwini olumnyama lokubuka kuqala kukaHitler, kepha inkathazo yamzungezile ngobungane noKurt Huber. Ngakho-ke i-Orf yathola ithuba lokubuyela e-pedagogy nasemculweni. Ngo-1955, umqambi wazinza e-amsene-onmesee, kamuva wathuthela eSalbourg. Lapho, waholwa yisikhungo lapho kwakusetshenziswa khona uhlelo lwakhe lokufunda lwe-Orf-Schulverk.
Ukwakha i-Creatiture Karl Orfa kuyaziwa nakumisebenzi efana nokuthi "inyanga", "ihlakaniphe", ebizwa ngokuthi ngumlobi wama-Operas amnandi, "i-Antigon" kanye ne- "King Edip". Umculi unake kakhulu ukubaluleka kwesigqi, namathuluzi awathandayo ayeyizigubhu.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi yokugcina yomqambi - umdlalo oyimfihlakalo "amahlaya ekugcineni kwezikhathi", wadalwa ngo-1973. Kwakusetshenziswa emafilimu "emazweni acekeziwe" nothando lweqiniso ". Kusukela ngo-1975, u-Orc uhlanganyele ekushicilelweni kwezinto zokwakha ezakhe zongobo yomlando.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UKarl Orf wakujabulela ukunakwa kwabesifazane. Washada okokuqala eminyakeni engama-25. Induna yomqambi kwakuwumculi we-opera u-Alice Solzer. Unkosikazi wabeletha indodakazi ebizwa ngokuthi nguHodeli. Le ntombazane kwakuwukuphela kwendlalifa ye-orfa. Eminye imishado ayizange imlethe izingane. Impilo yomuntu siqu kaKarl no-Alice ayizange ihlele. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-5, kwenzeke isehlukaniso, futhi kusukela ngo-1925 kuya ku-1939 umculi wanikezwa yena, ngaphandle kokuba nezibopho.
Uthando lwesibili lwe-Ordeph lwaba udokotela uGertrud Willert. Le ntombazane yayingaphansi kweminyaka engu-19 ubudala futhi ayikwazanga ukumelana naye iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-4. Ngo-1954, uCarl wahlanganiswa nomshado nomlobi uLouise Rinzer, kepha le nyunyana yayintekenteke. Eminyakeni engu-65, umqambi washada noLiselotte Schmitz, owayesebenza njengonobhala. Intombazane yayimncane kakhulu kunokhethwe okhethiweyo futhi waba ngufakazi wokufa kwakhe. Ngo-1982, umlingani wesine womculi wadala isisekelo segama lakhe futhi waphatha inhlangano kuze kube ngu-2012.
Ukushona
I-biography yaseKarl Orfa igcwele amaqiniso athakazelisayo aqinisekisa ukuthi ikusasa lalithandeka kuye. Isikhathi sokugcina, waba yilungu elihloniphekayo le-University of Regensburg, iNuremberg Academy of Arts, i-Academy of ACAST Bavaria kanye neRoman Santa Castchilia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umculi waba udokotela ohlonishwayo we-University of Tuningen neMunich University of Ludwig-Maximilian.
UKarl Orf uthole kaninginingi ama-Awards njengoba eqaphela umnikelo wakhe kubuciko namasiko eJalimane. Ngo-1975, wethulwa ngesimo sesakhamuzi esihlonishwayo somuzi wendabuko waseMunich, kwathi ngo-2001, izazi zezinkanyezi zabela igama lakhe igama lakhe.
I-Orc yahlushwa umdlavuza we-pancreatic. Lesi sifo kancane kancane sathatha impilo yomqambi futhi sabangela ukufa. UKarl Orf ushone ngonyaka wama-87 wokuphila, ngoMashi 29, 1982. Uthuli lwakhe lwembelwa esontweni lesigodlo se-andestex eduze kwaseMunich.
Imisebenzi Yomculo
- Ngo-1937 - "UCarmina Burana"
- 1937 - "Inyanga"
- Ngo-1942 - "Katulli CARMIINA"
- 1943 - "Umnitsa"
- 1943-1945 - "Bernaulerin"
- 1947 - "Antigona"
- Ngo-1950 - "Ukunqoba kwe-Aphrodite"
- 1957 - "Tsar Edip"
- Ngo-1963 - "Prometheus"
- 1972 - "Izimfihlakalo Zokuphela Kwesikhathi"