I-Biograge
U-Alexander Trimpopovich TVardovsky - umlobi weSoviet, owayemiselwe ukudala isithombe esingafi sesosha vasiliya. Empilweni yakhe yokudala kwakukhona izehlakalo eziningi ezenza imbongi kanye nokunqoba, futhi kwahlula.Izenzo ze-trarnowsky njengomkhwenyana kamagazini "Womhlaba omusha" wabangela ukungagculiseki kwezikhulu ze-Main Directorate ngezincwadi nokushicilela izindlu ze-USSR. Wahamba walwa nembono. Manje okuthiwa kubizwa ngokuthi abaphikisi, no-Alexander Trifonovich, ngokusho kwabagxeki:
"Izincwadi ezikhethiwe kanye nabantu abadala abavela ekubetheni, lapho baqhutshwa umlando, isikhathi, izimo."Ubuntwana nentsha
Umlobi wazalwa ngoJuni 21, 1910 epulazini Zagorne, esifundeni sasePochinkovsky esifundeni iSmolensk. Ngokuphepha kukaYise, indawo yaleso sikhathi yabizwa ngokuthi ipulazi laseFlosha Podlosovo. Lo mhlaba, inhloko yomndeni wakwaTronon Gordevich otholwe ebhange ngezitokwane. Wayengumnyama omnyama, kepha wayefuna ukuzinikela kwezolimo. Umama wenkondlo uMaria Mitofanivna wabandakanyeka egcekeni labampofu futhi wakhathazeka ekhaya.
Ngokwezinkumbulo zika-Alexander Trifonovich, umndeni wahlala nzima, yize bekuvele kukhona ukuqaphela ngokuchuma. Lo mndeni wabusa umkhathi okhethekile, owaba nomthelela ekuboneni kwendalo yempilo kaShasha. Umama wayengathinta izinyembezi zezingoma ezaculelwa abasebenzi emkhakheni, noma ngombono wesihlahla esinesizungu. Wangena ngawo wonke umphefumulo ngemibono yemvelo futhi akakwazanga ukudelwa ngephunga lamakhambi asanda kusebenza noMhlaba omanzi ngemuva kwemvula.
Ubaba kusihlwa ufunda izingane zezincwadi. E-autobiography yakhe, iTavardovsky ibhala ukuthi ngale ndlela wahlangana nomsebenzi ka-Alexander Pushkin, uMikhail Lermontov, uNikolai Gogol no-Alexei Tolstoy. I-TrinOn Gordevien yahlabelela kahle kakhulu futhi yayazi izinkondlo eziningi ngenhliziyo. Ivesi lokuqala elisencane twardovsky lakhiwa lapho engakwazanga ukubhala okwamanje. Wake watshela ukuthi ibingenayo "noma i-lada, ayinalutho."
"Ngikhumbule ngokusobala ukuthi kwakukhona umdlandla, isifiso sokubeletha futhi ngokushesha, umuzwa, ohambisana noDonny, noma yimuphi umbono," kusho u-Alexander Trifonovich.Abazali baphathwa ngezindlela ezihlukile zokubhala iNdodana. Umama wazisola futhi wakhathazeka, kube sengathi uzizwa evame ukumiswa okudabukisayo. Futhi uyise wayeziqhenya, kodwa ngokwezincwadi ayaziyo ukuthi umsebenzi wokubhala akalethi imali enkulu. Okunye okuvela kubadali futhi kuhlale kungathandeki futhi kumpofu.
Ngo-13, u-Alexander ukhombisa inkondlo kuthisha. Uqala ukuyigxeka: Awukwazi ukubhala ukuze konke kucace ngokushesha. Ngokusho kwakhe, ezincwadini zesimanjemanje kuyadingeka ukuthi yonke into ifanelekile futhi ayiqondakali. Futhi njengoba ubufakazi bamazwi akhe banika umfana ukuba afunde izinkondlo zokuqala ama-20s. Imbongi encane ibingabaza ngamakhono abo.
Ngo-1924, uqala ukubhala izindatshana zamaphephandaba amaSmolensk ngezihloko eziphezulu - amabhuloho angenaphutha, ukuhlukunyezwa kwezikhulu. Epulazini, izakhamizi zeza kuye futhi zazivame ukunxusa iKomsomol TVardovsky ngezikhalazo zokubhala ngomuntu wokujezisa ngomuntu okujezisa.
Ngalesi sikhathi, u-Alexander ubuyela ekubhaleni izinkondlo. Ephephandabeni elithi "Smolenskaya Village" lishicilelwe ivesi "New Izba". Uya eSmolensk, ehhovisi lokuhlela lephephandaba le- "Working Road", lapho ajwayele khona uMikhail Iskovsky.
Ngithande izinkondlo ze-wartewcom. Kuyiqiniso, bebengaphelele, kanye nezinkondlo zanoma iyiphi inkondlo imbongi, kodwa kwakungenzima ukubona ukuthi i-TVARDOVSKY ayibhali njengezinye, "kwabikwa ama-Memoirs akhe hhayi njengabanye.Ngesandla sakhe sokukhanya ekhasini lesithathu laleli phephandaba lishicilele izinkondlo ezimbili ngomfanekiso wendungo yasemakhaya. Ngemuva kokuphothula iziqu, amaqabunga ama-twardovsky aneminyaka engu-18 ubudala. Ayikwazanga ukuthola umsebenzi, ulambile, ophazamisekile ngangokunokwenzeka. Kepha ngoba ngokwami nginqume ngokungenakuqhathaniswa - akunakuba khona nkulumo ngokubuyela edolobhaneni.
Ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwezinkondlo kumagazini ka-Okthoba, amaqabunga e-Alexander Trifonovich eMoscow, lapho abhekana khona nenkinga efanayo - ukuntuleka kwemicabango kanye nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi. Ngakho-ke, inquma ukubuyela eSmolensk. Lapha engena kwi-Pedagogical Institute, lapho afunda khona iminyaka emi-2, kwathi ngo-1936 eqhubeka nokuqeqeshwa emlandweni waseMoscow naseSikhungweni Sefilosofi.
Ukudala
Ngawo-1930s, imbongi yakha izinkondlo "Indlela eya kwezenhlalo" kanye "nezwe laseMurai", elichaza ukuqamba njengokuqala kwempilo yesikhathi esizayo. Kuyathakazelisa, esekela umbuso kaStalin, u-Alexander, kanye nomfowabo nabazali, usizi olungcwatshwe ngo-allin - ngo-1931 kwadingeka ukuthi basinde ekuhambeni kwehaba nesixhumanisi. Ipulazi elinikeze isikhathi esiningi namandla anikeza uYise wembongi, wabhujiswa yizizwe zakwelinye izwe.
Ngo-1939, u-Alexander usebenza ephephandabeni "egada i-Motherland." Ngalesi sikhathi, kuqala ukuqamba lenkondlo "Vasily Torkin". Imelela iziqephu ezimbalwa mayelana nempi, ezixhumene neqhawe eliyinhloko kuphela. I-TVARDOVSKY ibike yakholelwa ukuthi ingashabalala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi noma othile ovela kubafundi, ngakho-ke wakhetha indlela enjalo yomsebenzi.
"Ukuwela" kungenye yezingcezwana zokuqala zenkondlo. Imbongi yabona izimpi ezinegazi ku-istmus yaseKarelian ngesikhathi sempi yaseSoviet. Izinkondlo zishicilelwa ephephandabeni i-Western Front "Krasnoarmeyskaya Pravda". Baba yingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yamasosha angaphambili. Ngenxa ye-turkin, i-TVARDOVSKY iba ngumlobi we-rartime. Imigqa evela enkondlweni iyaphuma ezingcaphuni:
Ukulwa kuhamba ngcwele futhi kwesokudla.Ukulwa kokufa akuyona ngenxa yenkazimulo
Impilo yasemhlabeni.
Ngo-1942, i-TVARDOVSKY yezwa izindaba zomlindi, obambe iqhaza empini yamathangi esindayo. Inkondlo ethi "Tankist's Indaba" mayelana nomfana, iqhawe elingabizwa ngegama lempi yamasosha, owasiza abasebenzi ukuthi bafike endaweni yesitha.
Ngo-1946, u-Alexander Trifenovich ubhala le nkondlo "Indlu yomgwaqo" mayelana nezinyanga zokuqala ezimbi zempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe. "Izinkondlo ezimbili" zinikezelwe ezinyameni zamasosha ezingenamqondo, "ngabulawa ngaphansi kukaRzhev." Kwathi ngo-1953, kwakukhona inkondlo "ukuze ibanga - i-DAL". Kuyo, imbongi inikeza ukuhlolwa komuntu siqu kwehlelo likaStalin, kukhombisa impilo nokufa.
Ngo-1950, i-TVARDOVSKY yamisa okuthunyelwe komhleli omkhulu kamagazini "World New". Kepha ngemuva kweminyaka emi-4, izikhulu zakhe zisuswa ukuze zizame ukuphrinta inkondlo "Törkin kulowokukhanya" kanye nemisebenzi yabagunyaziwe.
Okwesibili uphethe umhleli weposi wokushicilelwa ngo-1958, lapho asebenza khona kwaze kwaba ngo-1970s. Izazi-mlando zanikeza ukuhlolwa kuleso sikhathi - isikhathi esingavumelani emlandweni we- "New World". Ngonobhala wokuqala weKomidi eliKhuzi eliKhusini le-CPSU Nikita Khrushchev, lo magazini waba uphawu lwensaw. Kwakuwumzimba wokuphikiswa okusemthethweni kwamandla eSoviet. Lapho evuma i-Khrushchev, u-Alexander Trifonovich ushicilela "usuku olulodwa u-Ivan Denisovich" u-Alexander Solzhenitsyn.
Ngemuva kokususwa kweKhrushchev, wonke amandla enduna yeColt yawela ephephabhukwini. Okokuqala, amasekela abahleli axoshwa. Beza bathathe isikhundla sabantu abavimbela i-Alexander Trifenovich ukuthi isebenze. Isimo somoya osindayo esingakholeki siyadalwa. NgoFebhuwari 1970, i-TVARDOVSKY nengxenye yesihleli Shiya umagazini.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Uthando lwakhe lwempilo yakhe kwakunguMaria Illarionna Gorleov. Bangontanga, bahlangane kuSmolensk. Le ntombazane nayo yafunda esikhungweni se-pedagogical, okungeke saphumelela. Njenge-trardovsky, wasebenza njengehhovisi lokuhlela "elisebenzayo" ehhovisi lokuhlela ", elinyatheliswa komagazini" One-Novy Red "kanye" nezwe elisha "ngaphansi komndeni omkhulu.Ngemuva kokushona komlobi, umgxeki ovela kumagazini "Izwe Elisha" uVladimir Lakshshin uzobiza unkosikazi ka-Alexander Trifonovich "Iphiko lesibili" lenkondlo "ngePoetdness" ecebile ". Mayelana nempilo yomuntu siqu yolwazi lomlobi akwanele, kepha kunezinhlamvu eziya kuMariya Illmerionna empini, evunyelwe ngomqondo wothando olumnene:
"Konke kubaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni, sithandwa, ukuthi, ngicabanga, labo bantu abasindisa ubumnene nothando lwabo ngomunye nomunye manje, labo bazohlukaniswa."U-Alexander noMaria basayina ngemuva kwempi. Izingane ezimbili zazalelwa embhangqwana: amadodakazi kaValentine no-Olga.
Ukushona
I-TVARDOVSKY yathola ukusuka e-New World ". Isimo sezinzwane sithinte impilo. I-Alexander Trifonovich Transfers Stroke, ngemuva kwalokho ayihambi futhi ayikhulumi. Imbongi yakwangeniswa esibhedlela, odokotela bathola umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngefomu elethuliwe, okwakuyimbangela yokufa kwe-vasiny turkin.
Ushone ngoDisemba 18, 1971. Ukungcwatshwa emathuneni aseMoscow Novodevichy. Walethwa ethuneni lakhe kusukela esifundeni saseSmolensk, lapho aqhuba khona ubuntwana nangobusha bakhe.
Kwi-biography yama-TVARDOVSKY amaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo. Umvikeli wakhe weKhrushchev akakaze afunde izinkondlo eziphathelene no-vasily. Naphezu kobudlelwano obunzima nohulumeni waseSoviet, iTVardovsky iminyaka emi-5 yafakwa kuhlu njengommeleli weKomidi Elikhulu le-CPSS. Ngemuva kokufa, igama lembongi libizwa ngokuthi imigwaqo emadolobheni, esikoleni endizeni yaseMoscow nasezindizeni ze-aeroflot.
Ngemuva kwamehlo akhe, washiya ifa lefa lokubhaliwe. Izithombe ezinokuzibandakanya kweTVardovsky zibonisa isimo kanye nomoya wesikhathi esimangalisa seSoviet Union.
Amacaphuna
- Ukuphila kahle,Ngubani umuntu omuhle!
- Awekho amaqhawe kusukela azalwa, -
Bazalwa ezimpini.
- Kosy, braid, ngenkathi amazolo
Dhola phansi - futhi sisekhaya.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1931 - "Indlela eya Enhlanzini"
- Ngo-1932 - "Isihlalo Dayari"
- Ngo-1934 - "Izwe laseMurai"
- 1942 - "Vasily Torkin"
- 1946 - "Indlu Yomgwaqo"
- 1947 - "Izigxobo"
- Ngo-1947 - "Izwekazi ne-Alien"
- 1951 - "Inkondlo nezinkondlo"
- 1953 - "Okwe-DAL - DAL"
- Ngo-1963 - "Törkin kulolo khantela"
- 1969 - "Kusuka kuzingoma kule minyaka. 1959 - 1968 "