I-Biograge
Umlobi waseRussia Fyodor Abramov waba nempilo enzima, akazange azuze ngokushesha indawo yabafundi futhi wathola ukuqashelwa komphakathi. Kepha manje imisebenzi yakhe iyafunda ezikoleni, izindaba zihunyushelwa ezilimini eziningi, izincwadi zalo mlobi kuze kube namuhla zifuneka kakhulu. Lokhu kufakazelwa yi-screenplay yezincwadi zayo eziningana.Ubuntwana nentsha
UFyodor Alexandrovich wazalelwa edolobhaneni elincane laseVerkeol, esifundeni sase-Arkhangelsk, ekuqaleni kuka-1920. Umfana wakhuliswa emndenini womlimi womqondo wesazi nomshayeli we-cab, ngaphandle kwakhe, abazali babenezingane ezine eziningi.
Ukufa kondlandla kwalowo ozondlayo kwaba usizi olukhulu kuwo wonke umuntu, wabe esephenduka unyaka owodwa kamuva. Kwakunzima, kepha bakwazile ukuqala ipulazi labo, elisindise u-Abramov ngenxa yendlala.
Ekilasini lokuqala, uFyodor waya edolobhaneni lakubo, wafunda lapho iminyaka engu-4, wabe esethuthela kumfowethu olungile eKushkopal. Lapho esethole isitifiketi, ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezifakwe e-University of Leningrad, waqala ukutadisha iPhilology.
Umsebenzi kanye nezempi
E-University of Abruson akuzange ziziqede, ngemuva kwenkambo yesithathu, kwavela amahabhu wempi okuqala, esekufundile ngakho, le nsizwa yabhalisa ngokushesha yivolontiya. Isikhathi sokuqala salinyazwa ngo-1941, inhlamvu yangena esandleni sayo, kepha umfana washeshe walulama wabuyela ohlelweni.Okwesibili ngishayele imilenze yami, uFedor wawela esibhedlela, kwathi lapho elotshwe, iKhomishini yaqaphela leli sosha elingakaze lithunyelwe esikoleni se-Arkhangels seposi lomsizi. Ngemuva konyaka, umlobi wadluliselwa emnyangweni wonyaka, wahlala kwaze kwaba ngo-1945.
Ngemuva kokuthi i-demobililization ka-Abramov ibuyele eyunivesithi, kwabe sekuqala lapho kungumfundi weziqu. Kuma-theis okhethwe ukhetho wakhetha isihloko sokwakha uMikhail Sholokhov. Ngaphandle kokushiya izindonga zeNyuvesi yaseNatimie University, okokuqala wasebenza njengothisha omkhulu, ubudlelwane kamuva, wabe eseqala ukusungula uMnyango Wezincwadi ZeSoviet.
Izincwadi
Umsebenzi wokuqala wezincwadi wavela e-Biography ka-Abramov ngo-1954, lapho ezama ukushicilela i-athikili ngephephabhuku elilodwa, lapho ayenokubi ngempilo yabantu basemapulazini ahlanganyelwe. Kulokho, wacishe waxoshwa eyunivesithi, ngoba le ndoda kwakufanele ibone iphutha elibhaliwe.
Kwaqala ukubhala inoveli yokuqala "abafowethu nodadewethu", waqala ngo-1950, kodwa wawuqeda kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-6. Akuzange kwamukelwe ngokushicilelwa ngokushesha, kwabafundi abangu-1958 kuphela abajwayelana nomlobi womlobi we-novice futhi bakwazile kahle. Ngemuva kwalokho wakuqonda ukubizwa kwakhe kwangempela, ukufundisa kwashiyelwa futhi wangcwaba ejulile ezincwadini.
Kamuva, le ncwadi yaphawula ukuqala komjikelezo wezincwadi "ama-Stranks", kamuva agcwaliswa ngamanoveli "ubusika obubili kanye" nendlela ehlobo ". Okuningi kwizithombe zombhali zemisebenzi ezinikele ekuphileni emizaneni: "Amahhashi akhale ngani", "i-rustic rustic", "amahhashi okhuni", "Pelagia".
Indaba ethi "Alka" futhi isitshela ngedolobhana laseNyakatho, abantu bakhe nezinkinga ezijabulisa zona. Iningi lezincwadi zombhali alizange lidlule ekucwaningweni nasekuqabukweni zingene engokwenzi yesikhathi esiningi, ngoba zazivame ukukhombisa iqiniso. Ubuqambi be-Abramov baqashelwa kuphela ngaphansi kokuphela kwempilo yakhe.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngomkakhe uLyudmila Kratikov Abramov wahlangana, ube ngumfundi. Kumibuthano yobungcweti, owesifazane waziwa njengomgxeki olwakholisayo. Umshado wenzeka ngo-1951. Impilo yomuntu siqu kaFood Alexandrovich ingabizwa iphumelele ngoba umlingani wawuseduze nomyeni wakhe kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Owesifazane wayazi ngengcebo yomlingani, kodwa wayengeke anikele futhi wavikela ilungelo lenjabulo, ukuthi waphenduka. ULyudmila wayenengane emshadweni wokuqala, kepha ushonile ngesikhathi kuhlala uLeningrad. Ayikho imininingwane mayelana namabili wezingane.
Ukushona
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-Foodor ichithe ekuhambeni, ngonyaka we-1977 yavakashela eJalimane, kwathi eFinland, kamuva yavakashela eMelika. Eminyakeni embalwa, umbhali wayegula kakhulu, amanxeba angaphambili athintekile. Ngo-1982, waqhuba umsebenzi onzima, ngonyaka owabeka owesibili. Kepha ngaphambi kwakhe, le ndoda ayizange iphile, impilo yombhali yanqunywa ngo-63, imbangela yokufa yayihluleka.UFoodor Alexandrovich wangcwatshwa edolobhaneni langonangomdabu saseVerkeol esifundeni sase-Arkhangelsk, hhayi kude ne-Artemiyevo Vygolki Monastery, ukubuyiselwa komuntu kwamangazwa ngalo eminyakeni yamuva. Esikhundleni sesithombe esisethuneni, kufakwe itshe lesikhumbuzo lamamitha amabili amamitha amabili nesithombe sesiphambano futhi aqoshwe phezu kwetshe elibizwa ngegama elithi Abramov.
I-Bibliography
- 1958 - "Bafowethu Nodade"
- Ngo-1961 - "Ukufuna"
- Ngo-1968 - "Ubusika obubili kanye nehlobo ezintathu"
- 1970 - "Amahhashi Okhuni"
- 1972 - "Alka"
- Ngo-1973 - "Ayini amahhashi"
- 1973 - "Mamonich"
- Ngo-1974 - "Uhambo lokuya esikhathini esedlule"
- 1978 - "Indlu"
- 1980 - "Babele"
- 1981 - "Ukuzalela Mausoleum"