Umlando Wemilingiswa
Umsebenzi kaNikolai Vasilyevich Gogol "Umcwaningimabhuku" uyaphika izinhlamvu ezikhona kunoma iyiphi inkathi. Abalingiswa abachaze umbhali batholakala ezikhathini zanamuhla. Ngakho-ke, amahlaya ahlala ethandwa cishe amakhulu eminyaka. Ukwakheka kuveza izithombe ezinemibala yezikhulu. Uhola inkampani ukuba inikeze uhulumeni wedolobha.Umlando wendalo
Umsebenzi kumcwaningi mabhuku waqala ngamashumi amathathu ekhulu le-19. Ngalesi sikhathi, uGogol wasebenza ngokubhala "imiphefumulo efile", usebenza ngokucophelela izithombe zamaqhawe. Umlobi unezinto eziqoqiwe ezamenza wabonisa iqiniso laseRussia emsebenzini ohlukile. UGogol akazange abheke uhlobo oluhle lokuhlaziya ". Noma kunjalo, ngalesi sikhathi umphakathi usuwufundile eshicilelwe "umshado" futhi wacabanga ukuthi yimiphi amasu abonisana umlobi.
Ekudalweni kwesakhiwo sokudlala, u-Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin ubambe iqhaza. Ubuye waphinde waba ngumngane u-Anecdote, owathola umshicileli wephephabhuku "amanothi omphakathi". Isigameko esenzeka emhlanganweni wesikhulu sikahulumeni sachazwa yimbongi ngemibala. Futhi njengoba kwenzeka kuye ngokwakhe ngokwakhe: uPushkin wamukele umcwaningi mabhuku e-Nizhny Novgorod, lapho umlobi aqoqa khona lokho kumsebenzi olandelayo.
Izimo ezinjalo bezingajwayelekile emadolobheni amadolobha, ngakho-ke uGogoli wawubandakanya lo mbono nezinyanga ezimbili kamuva wethule "umcwaningi mabhuku" kusihlwa kusihlwa saseZhukovsky. Ngokusho kombhali, wayezokhombisa ukuthi kubi ukuthi kukhona ehhovisi labaphathi loMbuso, futhi kusukela emphefumulweni kuyahleka. I-Satira, ukuhleka usulu, isizathu sokulwa namaphutha nokungabi nabulungisa - leyo kwakuyinjongo yokudlala. Induna yamahlaya enkundleni yaseshashalazini yenzeka ngo-1836.
UVasily Andreevich Zhukovsky kwadingeka ukuthi abuze ngokwakhe uMbusi ngokubekezelela umdlalo wokudla. Ukusebenza okwenziwe e-Alexandnsky Theatre kwangihlaba umxhwele iGogol: Abalingisi besaba ukudlula ubukhali bomsebenzi futhi bathambisa ithoni ngokwenza i-waterville yamahlaya. Kunikezwe kuphela okwenziwe ngu-Ivan Sosnitsky kwadlula uhlelo lokudlala.
UNicholas I, owabona i-premiere, wabonga ukugconwa. Ukudlalwa kwadla umngcwabo ukunambitha, futhi waqhubeka nokubeka esigabeni sezemidlalo yaseRussia. Ukugxila ekwenzeni, uGogol ubuse kaningi umbhalo. Le nguqulo yokugcina yethulwe ngo-1842.
Isakhiwo sendaba
U-Anton Antonovich Justopter-Dmukhanovsky - indoda empunga enezici ezibukhali zobuso, iyaqhubeka nokukhuluphala. Umphefumlo wakhe wabheka ukuhlala oneminyaka engamashumi amathathu nanhlanu emsebenzini. Indlela esindayo yokwakha umsebenzi, okuvunyelwe ukuthenga indlu futhi yathola izinzuzo ezihambelana nesimo, yenza isivakashi somuntu ongenamsolo nasogobi. Ukwazile ukuhlukana nezinkampani eziphansi kakhulu, enze kahle izinqumo zokunyakaza ezivela ehhovisi nasezinkalweni zokubhekana nezinkinga zokuphatha.
UGingerbile wacabanga ngezinto ezimbi ezibonise izikhulu ezinkonzweni zomphakathi. Wonke umuntu waphathwa ngabantu ngendlela ayefuna futhi ecashile, esebenzisa ngokunenzuzo okuthunyelwe kanye nesimo. Ukwamukelwa, izimo lapho isisebenzi esisodwa sinikeza ukufumbathisa, kanti omunye wayamukela, ukuziphatha okubi - nansi idolobha lokuziphatha lesifunda, elichaze uGogol.
U-Anton Antonovich wayengakhathazeki ngemisebenzi yakhe futhi aphathiswe umnotho wasemadolobheni, kodwa ukuphela kwakhe. Futhi lokhu kwabe kwakumi ngaphezu kwakho konke. UGingerbile uyazi izindawo zezinkinga, zingabaza ukuthi zingashiwo kanjani emaphutheni, futhi ukukhathazeka okukhulu kuguqa umlawuli wezikhathi ezisongela ikusasa lakhe. Ubugwala bomlingiswa bubonakaliswa ngokuphelele lapho uBobchinsky noDobchinsky bathi umcwaningi mabhuku abesedolobheni laseBobchinsky. U-Anton Antonovich uyakuqonda ukuthi kuyadingeka ukusungula ukuxhumana nabaphathi, futhi kulokhu akalingani.
Umuntu wokuqala edolobheni, uthatha ukufumbathisa, futhi ubasabalalisa ngekhono. Ukwazi ukuthi luhlobo luni lwezibungu okufanele lufakwe, wakha isithombe somholi we-pious. UKhlsHtakov ubonakala sengathi uyidolobha elikhathalela abanye futhi isimo sakhe sengqondo ngokuthuthumela. Kubukeka sengathi u-Anton Antonovich uthuthukela ukuzuzisa umbuso kanye nenzuzo yabantu bakhe. Ukubukeka okuhlekisayo njengoba iqhawe lichaza umvuzo, lifuna isihloko sosizo. Ukuya endaweni yesenzo sokuqala, sesibili neyesithathu, kumlingiswa wesine awekho. Kepha izingxoxo azizethembi ngaye.
Isimo se-Gogol Hero sithola emlonyeni wozakwabo nezakhamizi. UGrubis noCynic, umthengi ohahayo nomthengi ohahayo bambiza ngokuthi izivakashi ziye eHorstakov ezazocela usizo. Abamele izifunda ezahlukahlukene beza ku-pseudoevisor, becela ukuvikelwa. Isimo sokuthola izikhalazo sidonsela isithombe esigcwele sempilo yedolobha. Ukufumbathisa, iBorestolubia, umndeni wonke futhi ukuhaha uchuma lapha.
Okokugcina kwencazelo yesithombe sikaGully kuba yi-Fifth Act, lapho iqhawe, lenyukele yi-podium, liphakathi kwemicimbi. Ekuqaleni komsebenzi, ulindele ukuvezwa. Ngemuva kwalokho kuthatha ukuphefumula okwesibili, ukuqaphela ukuthi kungaphansi kokuvikelwa kobuholi, kanye namaphupho azohlala kanjani umkakhe eSt. Petersburg njengesihlobo somcwaningi mabhuku. Ukushada okunenzuzo kwendodakazi yakhe kwathembisa ukuqeda ngempumelelo umsebenzi womuzi.
Ngaleso sikhashana, ifilosofi yeqhawe idonswa kahle, yakwakhelwe i-biobyography enokwenqaba ubuntu bayo, ihaba ngokubaluleka kwalo. Ukuzikhukhumeza nokwedelelwa kuqala ukubukwa egameni ngalinye, futhi izikhulu zicishe zikhothamise ku-Anton Antonovich. Ithemba iqhawe liyaphathwa lapho ukuqashelwa okumangazayo kwenzeka: umhlinzeki waba ngumcwaningi mabhuku waba yinto engenangqondo. Umkhonyovu ushaya leli dolobha, owayenguMastaka ezindabeni zokukhohlisa. Umnyombo weqhawe uvela phambi komphakathi kuyo yonke inkazimulo yawo.
I-monologue yeqhawe ibonisa ubuncane bayo futhi ingabalulekanga. Okungafakwanga imikhuba engcolile yezikhulu, ukuzethemba kanye nokholo ngokungabazeka, uGogol wenza okumnandi, okugcizelele ukuthambekela kwalesi sithombe nokubalele kwawo ekulweni kwalo ezweni elilawulwa yizwe.
-Vikayo
Imisebenzi kaGogol ngumlando oseshashalazi ocebile. Umcwaningi mabhuku uphakathi kwemidlalo eyenza isisekelo se-repertoire yemidlalo yaseshashalazini ebabazekayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, umkhiqizo awunawo amandla abanzi wokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Yize, abaqondisi basebenzise i-play yokudlala ngefilimu le-movie.
Ngo-1949, uHenry Bone wadubula le filimu esekelwe emsebenzini, lapho icebo liphinde lavuselelwa kabusha, futhi amaqhawe amaningi ashiyiwe. UVladimir Petrov ngo-1952 wethule ukufundwa kwakudala kokudlala, lapho kudlalwa khona i-yuri tollaulev. ELente Leonid Gaida "Incognito kusuka eSt. Petersburg", kudutshulwe ngo-1977, i-anatoly Papanov yakhuluma kule ndima.
Ifilimu le-Valentine Polek 1982 ukusebenza kwe-Moscow Satira Theatre yaseshashalazini, lapho isithombe salowo mkhulu esihlanganisa kahle i-Anatoly Papanov. USergey Gazarov ngonyaka we-1996 wacela uNikita Mikhalkov ukubambisana, abonisa isahluko sedolobha. U-Alexander Baranov osethethini "Usuku lwesiwula", lapho ipulazi lahlehliswa khona ngokoqobo kokuqala kwe-2000s, yamema indima ye-Tikhali, noma kunalokho, u-Alexander Vorobyeva.