Umlando Wemilingiswa
Indatshana kaNikolai Nekrasov "ohlala kahle eRussia" kulotshwe ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyikhulu edlule. Le nkondlo inikeza isimilo esikhanyayo sezinkinga nezivivinyo lapho abantu baseRussia okwakudingeka bahambe khona, futhi badonsela lokho injabulo ebukeka njengabesilisa abajwayelekile. Umsebenzi unesihloko esithi Umbuzo Waphakade, Emakhulwini eminyaka sihlushwa ngamunye wethu.Indaba inikeza umfundi ukuba azijwayeze nendaba yokuqala. Abalingiswa bawo abaphambili baba ngabalimi, babuthana ukunquma ifa lapho indoda ejabule ihlala khona. Ngokuhlaziya zonke izikhundla, amadoda ajwayelene nezindaba zabalingiswa, abajabule kakhulu phakathi kwawo kwakungumhlangano uGrigory Dobrozlon. Inani legama legama kuleli cala libalulekile. Injabulo yokuthi lo mfundi ayengeyona inhlala-kahle ebonakalayo, kodwa ukuthula nokuthula emazweni asezweni lezwe kanye nenhlala-kahle yabantu.
Umlando wendalo
Le nkondlo yadalwa ngaleso sikhathi kusukela ngo-1863 kuya ku-1877, kwathi ngesikhathi somsebenzi, abalingiswa nemibono yecebo bashintshwa kaninginingi. Umsebenzi awuzange uqediwe, njengoba umbhali efa ngo-1877, kodwa "ubani waseRussia impilo" ubhekwa njenge-Opus eqinile ye-Opus.
INekrasov idume ngesikhundla sombango esicacile nezinkulumo ngokumelene nokungabi nabulungisa kwezenhlalo. Wakhulisa kaninginingi izinkinga emsebenzini, ephazamisa umgede weRussia. Umlobi wakugxeka ukudluliswa kwecala kwabanini bomhlaba kanye nama-serfs, ukusebenza kwabesifazane kanye nokuphoqelelwa kwezingane kusebenze. Ngemuva kokukhanselwa kweSerfdodom ngo-1861, injabulo eyayilindelwa yisikhathi eside yabantu abavamile ayifikanga. Inkinga yokungabi nayo yathathelwa indawo ezinye izindaba eziphathelene namathuba okuphila ngokuzimela ngokuzimela.
Izithombe zehla enkondlweni zisiza ukufaka ukujula kombuzo obuzwa ngumlobi. INekrasov ikhombisa umehluko phakathi kokuqonda komnini womhlaba kanye nendoda elula. Abacebile banethemba lokuthi into esemqoka empilweni iyinhlala-kahle yezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi abampofu bakhonza ukuntuleka kobubi obukhulu. Ingokomoya labantu lichazwa ngu-Ermila Girin noGrisha Dobrozlon, abaphupha ngokuqukethwe kwendawo yonke.
INekrasov in "Ngubani eRussia ukuze aphile kahle" anquma izinkinga zamakilasi, ukuthola ukuhaha kanye nonya lokuceba, ukungafundi kanye nokudakwa phakathi kwabalimi. Uyakukholwa lokho, eqaphela ukuthi yini injabulo yangempela, wonke amaqhawe omsebenzi azokwenza umzamo wokufeza kwawo.
Inkondlo "ehlala kahle eRussia"
UMathein Timofeevna Korchagin - ubuso obuvumelekile emsebenzini. Ebusheni bakhe, wayejabule ngempela, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi sempilo yakhe sasingakwazi ukukhathalela ngempela. Abazali bayithanda le ntombazane, futhi wafuna ukumsiza umndeni wakhe kukho konke. Njengabanye izingane ezimpofu, uMatrena waqala wafunda ukusebenza. Imidlalo yaxoshwa kancane kancane nokukhathazeka kwasekhaya nezinkinga, kepha intombazane ekhula ngokushesha ayikhohlwanga ukuzilibazisa.
Lo mlimi uyasebenza kanzima futhi uyasebenza. Ukubukeka kwakhe kwajabula ngeso lokuba ubuhle bokuthandana nobuso baseRussia. Abafana abaningi babenezinhlobo zentombazane, futhi lapho umkhwenyana wethulwe. Kule impilo encane nejabulisayo ngaphambi kokuba umshado wasondela ekugcineni. Intando yezothathelwa indawo ngendlela, ibuse emndenini womunye umuntu, abazali bakaMatrena Flaruse. Umama wentombazane, eqaphela ukuthi umyeni wakhe ngeke avikele njalo indodakazi yakhe, azikhalise ikusasa lakhe.
Impilo endlini entsha futhi empeleni ayibuzanga ngokushesha. UZolovka nabazali bomshado benza uMatrena asebenze kakhulu futhi akazange angenele umgwaqo wakhe. Ukuphela kwenjabulo yobuhle kwakuyinduku usilika enikelwe nomyeni wakhe nokuhamba ngensimbi.
Ubudlelwano emshadweni abunakubizwa ngokuthi bushelelezi, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi amadoda ayevame ukuwashaya abafazi bakhe, futhi amantombazane ayengeyena owafuna usizo nobani. UMatreda wesonto wayempunga futhi enobumpunga, egcwele izihlobo ezinamathuna nezihlobo ze-pop-up. Ngemuva kokufakazela okuhle kwe-slavyanka enkulu kunazo zonke, le ntombazane yaye yakwehlisa yonke ikusasa futhi yabonisa ukubekezela okunamandla.
Indodana eyazalwa yambule uMatreus kusukela ohlangothini olusha. Umama onothando, umnika ingane yakhe sonke isisa esikwaziyo. Injabulo yentombazane yayifushane. Wazama ukuchitha ingane isikhathi esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa umsebenzi wathatha yonke iminithi, futhi ingane yayingumthwalo. Umkhulu walidlalela ubuthode indodana kaMatrena futhi wake wapheka. Ingane yafa. I-cum yakhe isiphenduke inhlekelele ngomama osemncane. Ngalezo zinsuku, amacala anjalo kwenzeka kaningi, kodwa waba isivivinyo esimangalisayo sabesifazane.
Amaphoyisa afika endlini, ukuvuza kanye nesivunguvungu kwaxoxa ngawo matromiini engcupheni nogogo wakhe, owayekade umlahliwe, walonakalisa ingane ngokukhethekile. Kwanqunywa ukuthatha i-autopsy ukusungula izimbangela zokufa komfana. Entombazaneni, iba usizi olukhulu, ngoba manje ingane ayinakungcwatshwa ngaphandle kwesivuno.
Isithombe sikaMatrena siyisithombe sowesifazane wangempela waseRussia, i-rack, ngokuzithandela nesineke. Abesifazane abangakwazi ukuphula impilo ye-peripetics. Ngemuva kwesikhathi, uMatrena abuye aphinde ahlangane nezingane. Uyabathanda futhi abavikele, eqhubeka nokusebenzela ukuzuzisa umndeni wakhe.
Investinal yemvelo kaMathernal Timofeevna inamandla kangangokuba ngenxa yezingane ze-heroine zilungele konke. Kugcizelela isiqephu lapho indodana ye-fedotos yayifuna ukujezisa umnikazi womhlaba. Osanoy Owesifazane wawela ngaphansi kukaRose, walethela ukudela esikhundleni sengane yakhe. Ngentshiseko efanayo, ujoyina umyeni wakhe, abafuna ukukuthatha ukuze baqashe. Ukusebenzelana kwabantu kunikeza umndeni osindisiwe we-matrena.
Impilo yesilwane esilula inzima futhi igcwele usizi. Wasinda akekho nonyaka owodwa olambile, walahlekelwa yiNdodana yakhe, wayehlala ekhathazeka ngenhliziyo yabantu ebizayo. Konke ukuba khona kweMatrena Timofeevna kubhekwa ukubhekana nobubi, emi lapho. Ubunzima obuwela ngokuhlanganyela kwalo bungaphula umoya. Imvamisa abesifazane abanjengoMathery bafa kusenesikhathi ngenxa yomthwalo kanye nenkinga. Kepha labo abahlala bephila babangela ukuqhosha nenhlonipho. Isithombe sowesifazane waseRussia lapho ubhekene noMatrena Chas Nekrasov.
Umbhali ubona ukuthi ugqoke kanjani futhi ubekezele, angakanani amandla nothando agcina umphefumulo wakhe, ukuthi ucabanga futhi umnene kangakanani umfazi osebenza kahle. Akathambekele ekubizeleni i-heroine ejabule, kepha uyaziqhenya ngokuthi akalahli, kepha kuvela ophumelele emzabalazweni wokuphila.
Amacaphuna
E-Tsarist Russia, impilo yowesifazane yayinzima kakhulu. Eminyakeni engu-38, abavuthiwe kaTimofeev, isalukazi seluvele lizibiza kanjalo. Kube nezinkinga eziningi, owesifazane abhekana nazo ngokuzimela, ngakho-ke uyalahla amadoda abhekele ukujabulisa abantu besifazane:
"Futhi iqiniso lokuthi waqala, hhayi icala - phakathi kokufuna izingane!"
Ukuze ukwazi ukuqina namandla kaMoya, i-heroine yaqala ukubiza "uMbusi", ngoba akuwona wonke umuntu wesifazane ominzelwe ezenzweni ezinjalo zobuqhawe ezazithatha. Isidlaliso esisha sowesifazane esifanelwe kahle, kepha leli gama alizange lilethe injabulo. Injabulo eyinhloko ye-Kurchagin ayisona neze inkazimulo yabantu:
"Sibuthakathaka yi-jumpengu, ebizwa ngokuthi umbusi-i-wagotatrot kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ... Yini elandelayo? Ngibusa kahle i-grove yezingane ... Ngabe udinga ukwazi ngenjabulo?Isahluko lapho i-heroine ivula amehlo akhe ngephutha, olubizwa nge- "Babia Maze". UMatrena Timofeevna uyavuma ukuthi ayikwazi ukubona yena nabanye abalimi bajabule. Kunezinsolo eziningi kakhulu, izivivinyo, intukuthelo yabanini bezindawo, intukuthelo kusuka ohlangothini lwabayeni bakhe nezihlobo zakhe, ama-vicissituches wekusasa. UMatraine ukholelwa ukuthi phakathi kwabesifazane abujabulile:
"Izihluthulelo ezivela enjabulweni yowesifazane, kusuka ku-volush yethu yamahhala, ulahlekelwe uNkulunkulu uqobo!"