Comet - ukuthi kuyini, Gallea, Planet, 2021, Kukhanya, unyaka, ilanga, kwawa, 2020, isithombe

Uma ubheka isibhakabhaka ebusuku, kungenzeka ukubona amalambu acwebezelayo acwebezelayo, okungukuthi, izinkanyezi zinikezwe ama-orbits ahlala njalo kanye nensimu yokudonsela phansi. Baphikisana ne-comet, i-asteroid, i-meteorite nezinye izinto zezulu ngokunyakaza okuqhubekayo futhi zihambisane ne-trajectory ethile. Lokho abaye kwehluke futhi yiziphi izici ezenzayo - ku-material 24cm.

I-comet ihlukile ku-asteroid

Izindawo ezingajwayelekile kakhulu eRussia

Naphezu kokufana kwangaphandle okunokwenzeka, ama-asteroid kanye nama-comets ahlukile komunye nomunye ngezinto eziningi:

1. Umehluko obaluleke kakhulu umehluko phakathi kwezingoma zemizimba ethathwa njengezinhlelo zonozungezilanga. I-asteroid iqukethe izinto zensimbi nezamatshe, kanye ne-commet othuli neqhwa, ngezikhathi ezithile kufaka namatshe anamadwala. Ngasikhathi sinye, abamele izinhlobo zezinto zazo zombili lezi zinto zangemva kokungemthetho basungulwa esigabeni sokuqala semvelaphi yohlelo lwelanga - cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-4-4,5 edlule.
2. Okulandelayo, kuyadingeka ukusho ukuthi ama-comets asungule phambili elangeni, okwakuvumela ukuba bafake iqhwa, nama-asteroid - i-oda elisondela.
3. Ukuba khona komsila: i-comet inayo, futhi i-asteroid ayikho.
4. Ubungako be-Orbits Comet bungaphezu kwe-asteroid, ngaphezu kwalokhu, okokugcina kwezindikimba zesikhala ezibhekwayo "Zinikele" ukuhlanganisa ibhande.

Ukuphendukela encazelweni yokwakheka kwento yangaphandle, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi enye yezingxenye ze-comet iyi-coma, isixha sezinkungu, i-kernel embozayo futhi iyingxube yothuli negesi, kanye nokwelula kusuka Izinkulungwane eziyi-150 izinkulungwane kuya kwezingu-1,3 million km kusuka ku-nucleus.

Yini i-nucleus ye-comet

Ingxenye eyinhloko yento ye-Celestial ebonakalayo yi-kernel, ingxenye evelele yesisindo somzimba we-cosmic igxiliwe kuyo. Ngokusho kwe-American Astronomer Freda Loorens Onolonga, ophakanyiswe nguye ngawo-1930s, imodeli ye-comet's kernel iyingxube yeqhwa ngenhla yendaba emuzulu.

Ngemuva kocwaningo, umthelela ojulile, ophethwe yi-United States futhi wathunyelwa entweni ethosiwe ye-templel 1, ngonyaka ka-2005 kwacaca ukuthi empeleni okuyisisekelo kungukuqukethwe okuvulekile, okuwuthuli olunama-pores ahlala khona 4/5 ivolumu.

Kungani umsila we-comet uhlala eqondiswe kude nelanga

I-coma nomsila ingaphansi kuka-0.01% wesisindo se-comet, kepha kungenxa yabo ukuthi ikhiqiza ama-99.9% e-luminescence ekhanyayo ekhishwe yinto evunyelwe yi-extraterrestrial entweni etholakala kulezi zingxenye. Imisila yemizimba yangemuva ebhekwe yingxube yothuli namagesi, futhi futhi yandisa amakhulu ezigidi zamakhilomitha futhi inesakhiwo esidlulisa ukukhanya lapho izinkanyezi zingabonakala khona.

Isizathu esenza umsila womzimba wasezulwini uqondiswe elangeni usesenzweni somoya welanga, "ukuvusa" amagesi emsileni wento yesikhala. Kodwa-ke, lo moya akuyona into evame ukuqondwa ngaphansi kwalesi simo. Umoya weSunny ukwakheka kwama-proton, ama-elektroni kanye nezinye izinhlayiya ezithile. Isenzo sayo siholela eqinisweni lokuthi izinhlayiya zeqhwa ze-comet zishiya indawo yazo, kamuva zelula izigidi zamakhilomitha.

Umlando Wokutadisha

Endulo, abantu abanokuqapha nokwesaba baphathwe ukuvela kwezinhlangano zangaphandle, babopha lezi zimo ezinobunzima obuzayo nezinkinga.

Ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa kwesazi zezinkanyezi kuvela eDenmark, i-Tycho Brage, ngokulahlekisela izifundo zakhe, i-Comet idluliselwe esimweni sezinto zesikhala, ngenkathi uzakwabo be-lagrange emakhulwini eminyaka ambalwa ngemuva kwalokho kwakhiwa ngemuva kokuqhuma kwezinye iziqhumane ezenzeke kwezinye amaplanethi. I-Laplace yanamathela ngombono wemvelaphi ye-comet evela kuma-interstellar expres.

Ngesikhathi sokuphumula phakathi kweminyaka engu-1680-1681, leli gangi lensizwa elihlongozwe esibhakabhakeni umzimba okhanyayo ovela elangeni, wabe esehlukanisa kuye, - lesi simo samenza wahlola into ethile, ngoba umcimbi udale inombolo kokuphikisana okusekwe esethulweni sokuhamba kwayo kweRexilinear.

Kamuva, ngemuva kwezifundo eziningi kanye nezingxoxo, kufaka neNewton, i-Galley idale incwadi yezakhi zomjikelezo futhi yenza umcabango wokuthi imizimba yangemva kokuzalwa, eqinisweni ayibonayo into yokusakazwa ezungeze ilanga 74 -76 Iminyaka. Ngo-1758, i-hypotheris ye-Hallery yaqinisekiswa - kwaqanjwa isidumbu ngemuva kokuhamba kwakhe ngemuva kokuvuka komhlaba wonke ngaleso sikhathi, okwaboniswa yi-Astronomer.

Ukuqonda okugcwele lokho okushiwo yimizimba yama-cosmic ngokweqile kumelwe ngonyaka we-1986, lapho uComet Halley eba yinto yokuqala ye-spacecraft, i-Bera-1 neBera-2 yahamba ngayo. Ngenxa yezinzwa eziningi ezifakiwe kuzo, ososayensi bathola izithombe nolwazi mayelana nokwakheka kwegobolondo, futhi kwavela ukuthi i-kernel iyiqhwa elijwayelekile elinama-splashes ezinhlayiya zothuli.

Kusuka kokukhulu kuya kokuncane kakhulu

Kutholwe izidumbu ezingaphezu kuka-6 eziyizinkanyezi ezingaphezu kuka-6, abadume kakhulu nabamangalisayo bangezansi:

1. Okudume kakhulu kwezinto ezikhona zangemva kwe-extraterrestrial yi-gallet comet. Okokuqala ngqa kubonwe ku-239 BC. Ns. - Wandiza emhlabeni amahlandla angama-30, futhi eduze ngangokunokwenzeka emhlabeni ngo-837. Ngokuzayo lapho umzimba wangemva kokungemthetho uzobonakala emhlabathini ngo-2061.
2. I-Comet Lexel - ibizwa ngokuthi iplanethi yethu esondele kakhulu futhi indiza 2-2.2 million km kusuka kuyo. Ukutholwa kwaso kungokwesimemezelo se-chalp - umcimbi wenzeka ngama-1770s, kepha indawo yesikhala yaqanjwa ngokudunyiswa kuka-Andrei Lexel, owafunda umjikelezo wakhe no-Orbit wakhe futhi kamuva wanyathelisa imiphumela yemisebenzi yakhe ngo-1772-1779.
3. Into yasezulwini etholakala ngo-1900 nguJacobani, kwathi ngo-1913 nge-Acceligue Aststriser yayo uzakwabo uZinner. Isikhathi se-comet ezungeze ilanga yiminyaka eyi-6.5, kanti ububanzi bungu-6 km. Umzimba we-cosmic uhlotshaniswa nokugeleza kwe-meteoric kwe-draconide okwenzeka ngo-Okthoba kwakhiwa ngemuva kokungena ezweni lomhlaba lento yasezulwini ecubungula ukujikeleza okufanayo.
4. Enye yezindikimba ezikhanyayo ze-extraterrestrial the okuthiwa. Comet Swazo. Kuvulwe ngo-1743, futhi ubukhulu bayo bezinkanyezi kungu -7, ngaphezu kwalokhu, kutholwe imisila eminingi yegatsha emzimbeni we-cosmic.
5. I-MacNacta Comet, okukhulunywa ngayo njenge- "Big", yabhalwa ngo-2006 nge-Astronomer Robert Maknot futhi kamuva yaqamba indiva ekhanyayo yangemva kokungenhla kweminyaka engama-40 edlule. Ukuba khona kwakhe kwabukwa kalula enyakatho ye-hemisphere ngo-2007, ngisho nangesikhathi sasemini.
6. UComet Cherchummova-Gerasimenko - uvulwe yizinkanyezi ezivela e-USSR ngo-Okthoba 1969 ngemuva kokubonwa kukaSvetlana Gerasimenko, kwadutshulwa ngoSepthemba wonyaka ofanayo (ekuqaleni kwenye into yesikhala kwakuvela ekuqaleni). Umzimba we-cosmic uyaphawuleka ngoba ukwakheka okuthile kwe-kernel yawo kuthiwa kwakhiwa ngemuva kokushayisana kwamanye ama-comets amabili.
7. Imizimba emincane kakhulu ye-Celet Hartley 2 ifaka phakathi ubude obungu-2,2 km futhi inesisindo samathani ayizigidi ezingama-280. Isikhathi sesihlanu emlandweni wesintu se-SPICE sakwazi ukuthwebula umnyombo weComember 2010 .
8. Okukhulu kunabantu abadumile yi-Bernardine-Bernstein comet ububanzi buka-100-200 km. Umzimba wasezulwini utholakala efwini ye-Oort, etholakala ngonyaka ofanayo kusuka elangeni futhi uzoba seduze kwakhe ngo-2031, futhi waqanjwa futhi ngemuva kwezazi zezinkanyezi ezimbili ePennsylvania.

Izimemo ezintsha

Minyaka yonke, umphakathi we-Astromer we-Astromer wembula imizimba emisha yangaphandle, owokugcina kubo wethulwa ngezansi:

1. I-Comet C / 2020 F3 - ihlelwe ngoMashi 2020 nge-Neowet Telescope. Ososayensi bathi inhliziyo, noma umnyombo, umzimba we-cosmic ngeke usinde ngokuhwebelana ngelanga bese uhlukana, kodwa kwavela ngenye indlela - wakwazi ukunqoba ukusondelana okubucayi, ngemuva kwalokho kwaqala ukusuka yena ngokuthola ukukhanya. Kwabonakala ngeso elinqunu ngoJulayi 2020, ngokwesibonelo, eSt. Petersburg, ngokuzayo lapho umbuthano omuhle uzokwazi ukubona kuphela emva kweminyaka engama-6,800.
2. Umzimba wokuqala we-cosmic, ovulwe izazi zezinkanyezi ngo-2021, uthembisa ukuba yi-commet ekhanyayo yalo nyaka. NgoNovemba-Disemba, Comet C / 2021 A1 (Leonard) isondela emhlabeni kakhulu kangangokuba kuzokwazi ukucubungula ngaphandle kwamadivayisi akhethekile, kuguqula kuphela amehlo akhe esibhakabhakeni. Futhi, umzimba wesikhala uzoba ngamakhilomitha angu-4 avela eVenus - Ngaphambi kwalokho, kuphela imicimbi emi-5 ebhalwe lapho into evamile ibisengozini yokuthandana efanayo emhlabeni.

Isihambeli kusuka ku-cosmos kude

UGennady Borisov, isazi sezinkanyezi sase-Amateur sisuka eCrimea, ehlobo sango-2019 wawela encwadini kaGuinness of Record, ethola owokuqala emlandweni wesintu we-Anderdellar Comet. Entwasahlobo yonyaka ofanayo, umnyombo womzimba we-cosmic kude wabhujiswa, kungekudala nje emva kwalokho, into evamile yesokunxele yashiya uhlelo lwelanga, libuyela endabeni ye-interstllar. Kakade ngo-2020, i-borisov yenza ukutholakala kokuzalwa, ukuthola ngosizo lwesibonakude sezenziwe ekhaya le-10th Comet C2020 Q1 Borisov. Njengasezimweni ezedlule, kwabizwa udumo lwakhe.

Kuzokwenzekani uma i-Comet iwela phansi?

Ubungako nobukhulu bama-comets buncane kakhulu, amakhulu ezigidi zezigidi zezikhathi ezingaphansi komhlaba, ngenxa yokuthi angenamthelela emizimbeni yesikhala sohlelo lwelanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwesinye isikhathi iplanethi yethu idlula emaqenjini, ngokwesibonelo, njengoba kwenzeka ngo-1910, unyaka, uMhlaba wadlula emsileni we-Gallea Comet, hhayi ngaphansi kwezinguquko.

Ngasikhathi sinye, uma kungenzeka, umkhathi kanye nokuphazamiseka komhlaba wethu kungahlushwa kakhulu ukushayisana okunokwenzeka nomzimba wezulu obonakalayo. Ngokombono we-astrophysics avela e-US, uLisa Randell, ngezikhathi ezithile, umhlaba wabhekana nokuqothulwa okukhulu okwenzeka endaweni yeplanethi ngemuva kokushayisana nabamele i-OTTRERESTRIALS kusuka efwini ye-Oort.

Enye yezinto zokuqothulwa kweziningi zomhlaba wonke ukushona kwama-dinosaurs, okwenzeka eminyakeni engama-60-65 edlule, mhlawumbe, ngemuva kwemicimbi yomthelela - ukuwa kwe-meteorite enkulu, i-asteroid, izandla, noma ezinye izinto zangaphandle emhlabeni.

Ama-Comets kanye nezinye izidumbu ze-cosmic zindiza ngezikhathi ezithile kude, zikuvumela ukuba uzibone emhlabathini ngeso elinqunu. Kukhona futhi amacala ezigameko ezivumelekile zezinto zangaphandle komhlaba wonke ebusweni bomhlaba - ngokwesibonelo, lapho ngo-1908 empumalanga yeSiberia, mhlawumbe, iTungusian Meteorite yawa. Njengoba kunikezwe uJehova wathi, aveze ngokufanelekile ngeqiniso lokuthi ngokuzayo, ubuntu kungadingeka babhekane nengozi esobala ebusweni besihambeli se- "comet". Noma iyiphi into leyo endabeni yendlela yendiza "ephumelelayo" izodala ukulimala okungenakufinyeleleka emhlabeni, ukuphinda okuthile okufana nokuqothulwa kwesisindo.