I-Biograge
Indlovukazi yaseNgilandi uMaria Tudor, eyaziwa nangokuthi uMaria Bloody, ihlotshaniswa ne-polynomialic ehlazo, yingakho igama lakhe lesibili lazalwa. Ubephila nemicimbi empilweni, intshisekelo lapho angapheli khona kuze kube namuhla. Eqinisweni, wayengeyena unesihluku, isiphetho sakhe sicebile ngezinhlekelele ezidabukisayo, okwathi kamuva kwathinta abantu abaningi abangenacala.Ubuntwana nentsha
UMaria I Tydor wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 1516 eGreenwich, ngaleso sikhathi wayeseningizimu yezilwandle laseLondon, futhi namuhla uyisifunda sakhe esiyingqophamlando. Umama - inkosazana elincane kakhulu laseSpain Ekaterina Aragonskaya, futhi uYise uyinkosi yaseNgilandi uHenry VIII. Le ndoda kwakunguMbusi wesibili wombuso ophathelene nobuso beTudor.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoLe ntombazane yaphenduka ingane yokuqala esebenzayo kaCatherine. Kuze kube manje, lona wesifazane wakhulelwa amahlandla ayisithupha, kodwa yonke imizamo yokunikeza umlingani wendlalifa wayo ayiphumelelanga. Ubaba akazange adumazeke ngokubonakala kukaMariya ngokukhanya, ngoba wayekholelwa ukuthi umkakhe usezale indodana. Wayeyithanda indodakazi yakhe, ebize uPearl futhi wayithanda umlingiswa oqinile futhi ovimba.
Indlovukazi yesikhathi esizayo ebuntwaneni yayibucayi, ibibhekene nezindaba. Ngaso sonke isikhathi ulalele ngokucophelela othisha, futhi ngenxa yalokho esemncane wadla isiGreek nesiLatini ngaphandle kwezinkinga, wayenekhono, edlalwa emgqonyeni kambango futhi wafunda umdanso. Indodakazi kaHenry VIII yafunda izincwadi zobuKristu, futhi i-EISTIRE yanikezwa ukufunda izindaba ezikhuluma ngabesifazane basendulo - abafel 'ukholo namaqhawe. Njengoba esevuthiwe, wahlanganyela ekugibeni kwamahhashi kanye nokuzingela kwe-falcon.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoNjengokuphela kwengane kaHeinrich, uMaria wayenawo wonke amathuba okuvuka esihlalweni sobukhosi, uma le ndoda ingeke ivele ize ivuthwe. Inkosi kuze kube yilapho ebethemba okokugcina ukuzalwa komfana, khona-ke uCatherine wayesenyangeni lokugcina lokukhulelwa. Kepha iphupho lenkosi alizange libonakale lifile, umntwana wazalwa efile, ngakho indodakazi yakhe yaqhubeka nokuhlala iwukuphela kweNselelo yesihloko senhloko yeNhloko yeNgilandi.
Ngo-1519, isikhundla esiphakeme sentombazane sathuthumela, njengoba umthandi weNkosi u-Elizabethe evutha wazala umfana. Futhi yize kwakuyingane engekho emthethweni, noma kunjalo wayehlonishwa, enemvelaphi yasebukhosini. Kumfana aze abeke i-retinue futhi abeke izihloko ezihambisanayo.
Indikimba Ebusayo
Ngesikhathi sezifundo namakilasi amaningi, uTudor wathatha izilimi ezimbili, kwakhelwa hhayi ngonyaka, kodwa omunye ekukhulisweni kwakhe aphuthelwe. Akekho umuntu ofundise uMaria ukuphatha umbuso. Ngasikhathi sinye, uHeinrich waqala ukucabanga, ozoba yinkosi elandelayo noma indlovukazi yaseNgilandi. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayesevele eqonda ukuthi uCatherine ngeke abelethe indodana, ngakho-ke kwase kuyisikhathi sokuthatha izinqumo ezithile.Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoInkosi yahlulelwa kanjalo-ke, uKarl Titulas wanikezwa ngaphambili kwendodakazi yakhe, ngakho-ke uMaria uba yinkosazana wawes futhi uya kubanini obusha. Ngaleso sikhathi, amaWales ayengakaze abe yingxenye yeNgilandi, kodwa kwakuyindawo yayo yokuncika. Ngo-1525, ngokuqoqa izinceku nezinceku eziningi eziningi, iTudor iqhubekela endaweni entsha yokuhlala yahlala esigodlweni sasebukhosini. Imisebenzi yentombazane yaqala ukulawula inqubomgomo yangaphakathi, ukudala ubulungiswa futhi ibamba umcimbi, futhi akekho noyedwa oyinamahloni.
Imicimbi yenzeka eminyakeni engu-2 yaphenduka impilo kaMariya. Ngemuva komshado wesikhathi eside, uHeinrich anamba ubudlelwano noCatherine, futhi i-tudor ibonwa ngendodakazi yayo engekho emthethweni, esongela ukulahleka kwamalungelo esihlalweni sobukhosi. Kepha owayengunkosikazi waseNhloko yeNgilandi akazange aqaphele ukungasebenzi komshado, le ndoda kwakumelwe imsongele ngokwenqaba kwemihlangano nendodakazi yakhe. Lo mbhangqwana uhileleka ngokungakhethi emndenini wangqubuzana kwengane kuphela.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoImpilo kaMariya isibe yimbi kakhulu ngemuva kokuba ubaba eqale abafazi abasha. Ekuqaleni kwakungu-Anna Bolein (wabeletha indodakazi ka-Elizabeth), kodwa ngemuva kokubulawa kukaTurveon oshadile, washintsha uJane Seymour. Wanikeza inkosi yendodana yokuqala esemthethweni - indlalifa elindelwe yisikhathi eside, kwathi ngemuva kokuba lo mcimbi ushonile evela ezinkingeni zasePostPartum. UHeinrich washiswa kafushane futhi washada no-Anna Klevskaya, nangemva komshado wombusi, i-Ekaterina Howard no-Ekaterina Parre baba.
Ukuba nomfowethu womdabu wakwa-Eduard emugqeni kababa, owayeneminyaka engu-9 ubudala wathatha isihlalo sobukhosi, isiboshwa manje sesingumncintiswano wesibili emqheleni. Umfana kusukela ekuzalweni wayebuthakathaka, evame ukugula, ayesesaba futhi esesabe ekuhlanganeni kwakhe, owacabanga ukuthi uma udadewethu osekhulile weNkosi ezoshada, wabe esezama ukugumbuqela, athathe isihlalo sobukhosi.
Futhi ngenxa yalokho bahlala bamisa le nsizwa ukuba balwe noMariya, isisusa salokhu kwakungukubambelela kowesifazane kube amaKatolika, ngoba u-Edward uqobo washumayela lokho kukholwa kwamaProthestani. Ngalesi sizathu, wabizwa nangokuthi uMaria Katolika.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoUkwesaba kweRegent kwalungisiwe, ngokushesha umfana ethole izimpawu zesifo sofuba, okuthi ekugcineni kwasusa impilo yakhe. Futhi ngaphambi kokubulawa kuka-Eduard kwaphoqelelwa ukusayina isimemezelo, ngakho-ke esikhundleni sakhe saba umlandeli wakhe uJenade Grey, futhi omele uhlobo lukaTydor. Ngasikhathi sinye, uMaria no-Elizabeth (udadewabo kuyise) bancishwa lelo thuba lokuba izindlovukazi.
Ngakho-ke intombazane eneminyaka engu-16 ubudala iwela ekuphathweni kweNgilandi, okubangela ukuthukuthela kwabantu nokuxoshwa kwayo esihlalweni sobukhosi ngezinsuku eziyi-9. Ngakho-ke ngezizathu ezizwakalayo zomqhele uMariya udlula. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kwabandulelayo, izwe lahlupheka kakhulu. EHenrich, wabhubhisa iningi lamasonto nasezindabeni, futhi e-Edward, esemncane, esebenzisa umgcinimafa, manje lona wesifazane kwadingeka ukuthi avuselele iNgilandi futhi akhiphe ebuphofini.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoI-biography kaMariya angiyibonakali njengomuntu onesihluku, noma kunjalo, izimo ezikhona njengamanje zenza indlovukazi iphinde iqhubeke. Owokuqala ukushaya i-Comet Jane Grey noGilford Dudley, kanye nobaba wentombazane kanye ne-beet. Akazange athathe isinqumo sokuthumela izihlobo isikhathi eside futhi wayefuna ukubhoboza abantu abasha, kepha ngemuva kokuvukela kuka-Uyetta ngo-1554, ukuthi akukho kungakatholakali.
Okuningi emlandweni webhodi yalo nemicimbi emihle. Njengoba esephenduke indlovukazi, waqala ukulungisa izindlu zezindela futhi ubuyisele ukholo lwamaKatolika eNgilandi. Kepha futhi le nkathi ibizwa ngokuthi yi-cluel ende kakhulu ngenxa yokubulawa kwabantu abaningi. Ngesikhathi sendawo kaMariya esihlalweni sobukhosi, abantu abangaba ngu-300 balahlekelwa izimpilo zabo, lawa kwakungamaProthestani.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umkhwenyana wendlovukazi yesikhathi esizayo wathathwa ukuba akhethe kusukela ebuntwaneni nasekuseni. Futhi-ke, lapho uMariya eneminyaka engu-2 ubudala, uYise uphetha isivumelwano ekuhlanganyeleni ne-Dofi, indodana kaFrancis I, kodwa ngemuva kwesikhathi sachithwa. Lapho eneminyaka engu-6, uyise futhi uvuma emshadweni wendodakazi yakhe nombusi kaMbusi uMbuso waseRoma uKarl v Habsburg, uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-16.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoIqiniso elijabulisayo ukuthi uKarl wabona umshado wazo wesikhathi esizayo njengesinyathelo esiphumelelayo sezombusazwe, kepha uMariya uqobo wahlangabezana nemizwa yothando kuye, nale ndoda Wayengaba nempilo yomuntu siqu ejabulisayo. Kepha lokhu bekungamiselwe ukugcwaliseka. Ngo-1527, uHeinrich wabuyekeza isimo sengqondo eRoma, ngakho-ke uthando lwakhe ngoKarla lwaludunyiswa. Ukwenza ngcono lesi simo enkonzweni yakwamanye amazwe, le ndoda yaqala ukukhipha indodakazi yomuntu ovela emibuthanweni ephakeme kakhulu yaseFrance, kungenzeka ukuthi yi-Francis I noma iNdodana yakhe.
Lapho nje uMaria esekhulile ukuze ahambele amabhola, ebuyela eLondon. Kepha akuzange kumsize ukuba akhe injabulo yomuntu siqu, ngoba inkosi yaphazamisa umshado nonina, futhi intombazane yaphoqeleka ukuba ihlangane namakhosikazi amasha eHeinrich. Futhi emva kokushona kukayise (wayeneminyaka engama-31), lona wesifazane wayengakashadi.
Ngo-1554, uTordor usashada. Ukhethwe yinkosi yaseSpain evela ebukhosini bama-habsburgs Philip II. Ngaphambi komshado, umyeni wesikhathi esizayo wasayina isivumelwano esihlanganisa ukuthi singaphazamisi ukuphathwa kweNgilandi, futhi endabeni yokufa kwendlovukazi ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukubuyela ezweni lakubo. Ngasikhathi sinye, izingane ezelwe emshadweni ziba izicelo ngokuzenzakalelayo ziye kwisihlalo sobukhosi sesiNgisi.
Ngokushesha nje ngemuva komshado, iNdlovukazi yamemezela ukuthi ilindele ingane. Umlingani wajabula ngalezi zindaba futhi wayebheke ngabomvu ukubonakala kwendlalifa. Futhi lapho kufika leli gama, wonke umuntu wayelinde ukumangala okungathandeki.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoIndlovukazi yamemezela ukuthi mhlawumbe kungenzeka ukuthi iphuthume noma ididekile usuku lokukhulelwa. Ezikhathini zanamuhla, leli cala lichazwa njengokukhulelwa kwamanga. Ngokusho kwemicabango, owesifazane othile wayenomdlavuza noma u-ovarian Cyst, ngakho-ke, uMaria wezwa isimo sokugula sasinakekela.
Abantu bebengayithandi umyeni weNdlovukazi, esefikile ezweni elikhulu, wayezikhukhumeza, futhi ukuziphatha kwakhe waziphatha, okuvame ukuba yisizathu se-skirmis emigwaqweni yaseNgilandi phakathi kwabaseSpain kanye neBritish . UFiliphu akazange afihle ngokuthi akamthandi uMaria, wayenentshisekelo kudadewabo u-Elizabeth Tudor. Wayenethemba lokuthi maduze nje umqhele uzoya kuye, ngakho-ke wasekela ubuhlobo obunobungane nentombazane.
Ukushona
Ekupheleni kweminyaka engu-1550s, iYurophu yaqhubeka isikhathi eside yiFever (acute aspiratory viral virulegieleng), okuthi kwanda kwavela ukushona kwenani elikhulu labantu. ENgilandi, lesi sifo safika nge-1558, sivuza isikhathi eside, futhi abantu abagulayo bangawazi umphumela. UMaria wagula ngo-Agasti wonyaka ofanayo, nango-Okthoba ngaqonda ukuthi ngeke ngisinde. Futhi ukuthuthela esigodlweni saseSt James akuzange kusize indlovukazi, njengomyeni wayo ohlanganyele emngcwabeni kaYise. Impilo yale ndoda yaphatha lesi sifo.Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoUMaria uyakwazi ngobucayi besifo futhi ukhathazekile ngekusasa lezwe. Amandla akhe asele, kepha lona wesifazane wakwazi ukunciphisa noma yimaphi amalungelo akwa-England abhale ngentando etholwe ngokulandelana, okuthi, naphezu kwenzobelo, waba u-Elizabethe. INdlovukazi yaseNgilandi yafa ngoNovemba 17, 1558, imbangela yokufa kwakuwumkhuhlane, uMaria akakaze abheme.
Ukukhumbula
Ukwahlulela ukubonakala kwe-tordor kungaba kuphela umfanekiso, obhalwe abaculi abadumile baleyo minyaka. Ngokwesici ngasinye sobuso bukaMariya kuyahlukahluka, kepha cishe konke kuboniswe kugqoke izingubo zasebukhosini, ngokubukeka okungenakuqhathaniswa futhi kwanciphisa amakhona ezindebe. Lokhu kukhuluma ngokuhlupheka ngokomoya kowesifazane, ngoba wasinda kakhulu, futhi indlovukazi ayizange yakha impilo yomndeni ejabulisayo.
E-cinematography, intshisekelo yohlobo lwe-tudorov yavela okokuqala ngo-1935, kepha ngemuva kweminyaka engu-6 igagasi linciphile. Esikhathini esingaphezu kwenkathi yalawa makhosi sasimbozwa kusukela ngo-1953 kuya ku-1972, kodwa-ke, bekukhona abalingiswa abaphambili abavela eHeinrich VIII, uMaria Stewart no-Elizabeth Tudor. Futhi ngemuva kwekhefu elide ngo-1998, ukukhanya kwabona itheyiphu "elizabeth", kule filimu uMaria wadlala umlingisi katie Berk.
Kwakukhona amanye ama-serials nama-ribbons ahlukahlukene, kepha umlingiswa ophambili weNdlovukazi yaseNgilandi wayeneminyaka emithathu kuphela. Ababili babo babizwa ngokuthi - "UMaria Tudid" (wahlungwa ngo-1912 nango-1966), kwathi owesithathu waqhubeka ngezikrini ngonyaka ka-2008 wabiza "umlando omnyama we-Miranda Frencen endimeni eholayo.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi yezemibhalo egujwa yidrama yothando "uMaria Tudord" Viktor Hugo. Lokhu kudlala kulinganiswe ngabaningi, yize icebo lingukuqagela lapho, futhi amaqhawe amaningi awanazo izingodo zomlando.