I-Biograge
UTony Morrison ungumbhali ovela e-USA, okukhona okubizwa ngokuthi amanoveli amaningi, izindaba, ama-play kanye nezinganekwane. Ufundise eyunivesithi yePrinceton futhi waba ngumklomelo kaNobel. Umlobi wahola umsebenzi osebenzayo wezenhlalo nakwezepolitiki, evikela izintshisekelo zakwa-Afrika baseMelika.Ubuntwana nentsha
UTony Morrison wazalelwa e-Ohio, edolobheni laseLoren, ngoFebhuwari 18, 1931. Igama elikhona lomlobi nguChloe Ardelia Wofford. Umndeni waphakamisa izingane ezine. Ubaba wasebenza njenge-welula futhi wamelela izintshisekelo zabantu abalula, azitshela ngabo ezinganeni. Kusukela esemncane, uTony wafundwa ngezincwadi zebhubesi uTolstoy noJane Austin. Lapho eneminyaka engu-12, washukumisa ubuKatolika, futhi naye wathola igama elisha, okwakungukuphawulwa kombhali.
UMorrison wakwazi ukuthola imfundo enhle. Waba iziqu zeHarvard naseCornell Uninyakat. Kamuva, uTony wahola imisebenzi yabahamba ngezinyawo e-University of Texas naseYunivesithi yase-Oliver Howard.
Ngo-1964, lona wesifazane wathola isikhundla somhleli wosizo endlini yokushicilela yasendlini engahleliwe eSracuse futhi wakhipha imali yezincwadi zemfundo. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, yakhulela lapho kuthunyelwe umhleli omkhulu.
Izincwadi
Okokugcina ngumhleli kaTony, uMorrison wenza izinguquko, ushintsho emthonjeni wezenhlalo nezepolitiki. Izincwadi zakhe zonyaka zimboze u-Angela Davis noMohammed Ali. Umlobi waba ngumhleli wezincwadi ezikhuluma nge-biography yabantu baseMelika abadumile baseMelika.Ngawo-1970, impumelelo yenzeka e-biography yokudala yombhali. Ezandleni zayo kwavela ukuthi kuqedwe inoveli "ngamehlo amnandi kakhulu". Ukucabanga ngomsebenzi njengendaba eseminari eyunivesithi, umlobi ukhanyise ukubandlululo okuhlangene. Ukugxekwa kwasala ngencwadi.
Iphrojekthi elandelayo uMorrison yaba yinoveli ethi "Slah", enyatheliswa ngo-1972. Ulandise isimo sabesifazane kule mikhawulo yomphakathi weNegro. Umsebenzi uphenduke waba ngumthengisi futhi waqokwa kumklomelo weNcwadi Kazwelonke.
Kuthunyelwe ngo-1977 "Ingoma kaSolomoni" yindaba yohambo olungokomoya lweqhawe, eyajwayelana nomndeni wakhe. Le ncwadi ithole imiklomelo ephakeme kakhulu yemibhalo, kanye ne-Folklore Leitmotif, eyayikhona kuyo, yathola ukuqhubeka kwe-1981 "Smolyan Chuchcheko".
Ngo-1987, indatshana yabathandekayo, eyaba yi-laureate yePureazer naseNobel imiklomelo emkhakheni wezincwadi. Umsebenzi ususelwa emicimbini yangempela, futhi ubugqila bavela esihlokweni se-inthanethi. Inoveli yaqashelwa njengomthengisi, futhi ochwepheshe bambheka njengabo bonke emsebenzini kaTony Morrison.
Le ncwadi isebenze njengesisekelo seplanethi ye-screenplay, indima enkulu lapho kwenziwa khona u-Oprah Winsfrey. Ukuthandwa komlobi kukhule kakhulu. Izithombe zakhe, izingxoxo nezingcaphuno ezivela emisebenzini zishicilelwe ukushicilelwa okucwebezelekile.
Umnikelo omkhulu kaMorrison ezincwadini zaseMelika walinganiselwa ngesikhathi sokuphila. Ngaphezu komsebenzi wokubhala kanye nemisebenzi yokuhamba ngezinyawo, iTony yathola isikhathi sokubamba iqhaza ekuhambeni kwabesifazane abakhuthaza amalungelo abesifazane, futhi bavame ukuba yisikhulumi emihlanganweni yaseMelika.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ukuba nguthisha weNyuvesi yase-Oliver Hauard, uTony wahlangana noMklami weJamaican, owaba oshade naye. Umlobi wawuthatha isibongo somyeni wakhe, asikhazimulise.
Kwazalwa amadodana amabili emshadweni, kepha impilo yomuntu siqu yalombhangqwana ayizange isebenze. Ngo-1964, kwenzeke isehlukaniso. Enye imisebenzi uMorrison yakha, yakhulisa izingane ngokwazo.
Ukushona
Umlobi ushone eneminyaka engama-89 Agasti 5, 2019. Izimbangela zokufa azimbozwa engxoxweni nababhali abaseduze futhi azidalulwa kwabezindaba. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uTony wabhekana nesifo esifushane.I-Bibliography
- 1970 - "Amehlo amnandi kakhulu amnyama"
- 1973 - "SLAH"
- Ngo-1977 - Solomon Iculo
- 1981 - "Smolyn Chuchcheko"
- 1987 - "Bathandekayo"
- 1992 - "Jazz"
- 1999 - "IPharadesi"
- 2003 - "Uthando"
- Ngo-2008 - "Isihe"
- 2012 - "indlu"
- 2016 - "Nkulunkulu, gcina ingane yami"