I-Biograge
U-Alphonse Fly - Umculi waseCzech kanye nesheduli, etholakele ekuqondisweni kwezobuciko ezihlobisa futhi ezisetshenzisiwe. Wayephakathi kwabasunguli bohlobo olusha - i-AR-Nouveau, noma yesimanje. Imisebenzi yezimpukane yahlukaniswa ngokuntuleka kwemigqa eqondile nokuthandwayo kwezimpawu zokugoba kwezimpawu zemvelo. Umkhuba omusha otholwe abalandeli phakathi kwabaculi, amagrafu kanye nabakhi bezakhiwo.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Alphonse Fly wazalwa ngoJulayi 24, 1860 eMoravia, e-Ivanchitsa, emkhayeni wesikhulu sezomthetho nendodakazi uMelnik. Umfana wakhombisa ukunxanelwa kobuciko kusukela eminyakeni emincane. Wayethanda ukucula futhi adwebe. Uveze ngempumelelo amakhono esikoleni. Ngemuva kokuphothula iziqu endaweni yokuzivocavoca, ama-alfon anqume ukungena ePrague Acanumy of Arts. Kwakungenzeki ukuphumelela izivivinyo kusukela okokuqala ntwazazwa, ngakho-ke ubaba wamveza njengomlobi enkantolo.
Umsebenzi kaMukha Jr. uhlanganiswe nentshisekelo enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi. Ekuqaleni wazama yena njengomdlali, kodwa washeshe wabona ukuthi umphefumulo wakhe ubuciko obubukwayo, futhi waqala ukuzibandakanya kwimifanekiso. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaphosta okuqala aqhamuka ngaphansi kwepeni le-alfons. Usebenze njengomhlobisi weshashalazi futhi wacabangisisa ngalokho ibhizinisi afuna ukubopha ngalo umlando wakhe.
Ngo-1879, umculi wathola umsebenzi kulowo msebenzi wokufunwa kweshashalazi "Kautstsky-Brioši-Burkhart". Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, washisa ngomlilo, futhi u-ormonse wathuthela edolobhaneni laseMikulov. Ingozi ejabulisayo yisizathu sesimemo sezimpukane zibala ukubala kweCong-Belassi. I-Welject yayala umdwebi wokupenda kwezindonga futhi wajabula ngethalente lomdwebi. Ngakho-ke ollonse wathola umvikeli othembisa ukukhokha izifundo zakhe eMunich Academy of Arts.
Ngabuka iminyaka emi-2, le nsizwa yanquma ukuya eParis, eyaba yindawo yokuhlushwa kwababhali abaqalayo. Lapha wahlela ukuqhubeka nezifundo zakhe wangena esikhungweni sikaJulien, kanye naseKolassi Academy.
Ngawo-1889, i-polystenate, exhasa izidingo ze-alfons, futhi wahlala engenalo indlela yokuziphilisa. Ukubhala izithombe zidinga imali, ngoba amabhulashi nopende bekufanele kakhulu. Ama-Alfons anqume ukuqala ukuhola ngokuzimela futhi aqale ekwakheni imikhiqizo yokuphrinta: amakhalenda, amaphosta, amaphosta nezimemo. Waba ngumqambi.
Ukupenda
Enye yezindawo ezihleliwe zaze zaduma. Umculi wenza umlingisi omuhle kakhulu waseFrance uSara Bernard. U-Alfonso udale iphosta ku "Zhismond". Umlingisi wawuncomeka kangaka, owamncoma njengomhlobisi wokuphathwa kwe-Renaissance Theatre, futhi kusukela kulo mkhakheni we-oda akazange ome.
Ngaphezu kwamaphosta, amaphosta nezimpawu, ukundiza okubhalwe phansi. Ngalesi sikhathi, wakwazi ukuhlela imibukiso yakhe. Owokuqala kwenzeka ngo-1897. Ngoba uBernard Muha ngemuva kwalokho wadala amaphosta ambalwa ekukhiqizweni kwe- "Lady noCamellias", "TOSCA", "Memea", njll. Wasebenzisana nezincwadi "," People's ".
Impukane yabamba inqwaba yeVenice eParis naseYurophu, esebenzisa ukuthandwa okukhulayo. Ngo-1898, waletha ujwayelene noGeorge Fuka, indlalifa kuya ubucwebe. Umphumela wobungani babo kwaba iqoqo elihlanganisiwe lobucwebecwebe. Ukuphumelela kwavela ukuthi kube yisidalwa, futhi uFuka wayala umklamo we-mukile we-facade yekhaya lakhe, kanye nokwakha ingaphakathi lesitolo.
Ngo-1910, impukane yaphinde yafika eCzech Republic. Lapha wanquma ukubona iphupho lakhe elikhulu futhi waqala umsebenzi ngomjikelezo wemidwebo "epic yeSlavic". Ngaleso sikhathi, umdwebi wavakashela eMoscow neSt. Petersburg, ephefumulelwe ukudala okuthiwa yi-Russian Custodials yochungechunge. Umsebenzi emisebenzini wathatha iminyaka eyi-18 futhi waqedwa ngo-1928. Izimpukane ezifanayo zisebenze ngama-oda.
Umbhali udlulisele kubantu abangamaCzech ngemidwebo engama-20 emlandweni wamaSlav. EPrague, kwakungekho ndawo lapho kungagcinwa khona ama-canvases amakhulu anjalo. UMakha wabo wagcinwa esigodlweni, lapho-ke kwenye yezinqaba, ngo-1963 kuphela imidwebo yabekelwa wonke umuntu ukuba ayibone. Le phrojekthi ingenye yemibono eyinhloko yokudala u-Alphonse Fly, kepha imisebenzi yakhe "yamatshe ayigugu", i-zodiac kanye nezinye zaphenduka ngokulinganayo futhi zithandwe ngumphakathi.
Ngo-1918, ngemuva kokwakhiwa kweRiphabhulikhi yaseCzechoslovakia, uhulumeni wanxusa umculi ngokwakha umklamo wezikweletu zemali, imikhiqizo, inkanyezi yombuso kanye nemibhalo ehlelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nale minyaka indiza yadala umdwebo wengilazi onamabala wesonto laseSt. Vita ePrague.
Impukane yanikezela impilo yakhe yonke ngobuhlakani. Imisebenzi yombhali ibhalwe ngeRomance futhi iphume kabusha. Amaqhawe akhe anjenge-nymph, abakwa izilaleli ababanjwa ngesikhathi se-anem noma coquedry. Umsebenzi wesheduli isikhathi eside wasala, kepha ngemuva kwawo-1930s ukuthandwa komculi kwaqala ukwehla. Inkathi eyala ezinye izinhloso. Ngasekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II, umdwebi wawela e-Opal ye-Reich yesithathu, wafakwa ohlwini lwezitha futhi waboshwa njengomsolwa emisebenzini elwa namaFascist nasezizweni zobuzwe.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Lapho esethuthele eParis eminyakeni evuthiwe, impukane yathandana noMaria Chietil Czech. Umehluko weminyaka phakathi kwabo kwakuyiminyaka engama-20. Kepha akuzange kube namahloni intombazane, futhi waba ngumqeqeshi womculi. Umshado wenzeka ngo-1906. Emshadweni, abashadikazi babenezingane ezimbili: indodakazi nendodana. Ngokubambisana nomndeni ka-Alphonse mukha, isikhathi esithile babehlala e-United States, lapho abhala khona okuvelele futhi adale amaphosta. Wajabula empilweni yakhe, kodwa waphupha ukubuyela ezweni lakubo, elenzeke kamuva.
Kunelumeni lokuthi inzalo yalo mculi yaya ezinyathelweni zayo. Indodakazi nabazukulu batholwe kubuciko obusetshenzisiwe. I-Yarmila, umzukulu wesheduli, wadala iphrojekthi, lapho kwenziwa izinto zokuhlobisa ngokwemidwebo ye-alphasons. Indodana yomdwebi yaba yintatheli.
Ukushona
Ukuphishekela nokuboshwa okwadingeka basinde kuMlobi, ababegeza othandweni lwababikazi bethalente lakhe, bathinteka impilo. Ngo-1939, kusho uMaha. Imbangela yokufa kwakhe yasebenza i-pneumonia. Ngaphambi kokufa, ama-alfon akwazile ukushicilela ama-memes.Ithuna lomdwebi odumile litholakala emathuneni aseVigiserad eCzech Republic. EPrague kusukela ngo-1998, kuneminyuziyamu enikezelwe emsebenzini womculi kanye nomqambi. Ngenkumbulo ye-ophonse, i-Fly yaqhubeka nomsebenzi wayo futhi izithombe eziningana zenziwa empilweni.
Imidwebo
- Ngo-1891 - "Owesifazane uzungezwe izimbali"
- Ngo-1896 - "Salamambo"
- Ngo-1898 - "Medea"
- Ngo-1897 - "Izithelo"
- Ngo-1897 - "Ikhalenda le-Champagne"
- Ngo-1898 - "Lily"
- Ngo-1899 - "Baba Wethu"
- Ngo-1900 - "Topaz"
- 1902 - "I-Red Cloak"
- 1920 - "Ukuphela"
- 1938 - "Ubudala bothando"