I-Biograge
Igama lomholi odumile lomholi waseJalimane nangobuciko base-Austrian Johannes Brahms bathatha indawo ehlonishwayo kwabathathu abaqambi abakhulu, lapho uLudwig van Beethoven kanti uJohann Sebastian Bach wake wangena. Upiyano onethalente, umqhubi kanye nomlobi baqhubeka nesiko labandulelwayo futhi babhala inqwaba yemisebenzi yepiyano, isitho, amazwi, amakamelo, i-Orchestra.Ubuntwana nentsha
UJohannes of Brahms, owazalwa ngoMeyi 7, 1833, waba nenhlanhla, ngoba waba yindodana yomJalimane onesiphiwo esinesiphiwo esinesiphiwo esinemibuzo, eyayiphethe izinsimbi zomculo wentambo. Ngokuvuma buthule komkakhe, uJoanna Nissen, owayesebenza nomthungi wasekhaya, uJohann waqala ukufundisa ukuhlwanyelwa okuphakathi kweDiploma yeDiploma ne-Azamu edlala i-violin ne-cello.
Ngo-1842, umfana wanikezwa ukunakekelwa kothisha u-Otto Kosel ukuba akwazi ukuyisekela izisekelo zokwakheka nopiyano. Ngenxa yobuholi bomeluleki onolwazi ngabo-10-oneminyaka eyi-10, amaBrahms aqala ukunika amakhonsathi, kwathi ngo-1845 umfana waqamba i-sonatoo yokuqala ye-Independent.
Abazali bebephikisana nabakhethekile ekwakhiweni, kepha umeluleki wakwazi ukubabaza, futhi uJohannes wathuthela ekilasini likaFranz Schubert, uWolfgang Amadeus Mozart noJosef Haidta.
Ngo-1849, lapho umqambi we-novice nopiyano baqala ukukhohlisa ngenkuthalo, inkampani yaseHamburg cranz yathola amalungelo emibhalweni yakhe futhi yakhipha iphathi yomculo esayiniwe yi-pseudonym G. W. amamaki. Igama langempela lamaBrahms laqala ukusetshenziswa kusukela ngo-1851, ngemuva kokushicilelwa "iScherzo noma.4" nengoma ethi "Buyela Emosheni" ("Heimkehr"), kamuva abhujiswe ngenxa yokungagculiseki nokuthambekela kokuphelela.
Ngenxa yalabo abayizifakeji, iNhlangano yaqala ukusabalalisa amaqiniso athakazelisayo uJohannes asuse imisebenzi yokuqala, ngoba azwakala emigoqweni naku-Brothels, kodwa amahemuhemu asheshe ahlangana nokoqobo, futhi amahemuhemu asheshe amangalela manjalo.
Umculo
Ngo-1853, amaBrahm athumela ukuvakashela kwakhe uRobert Shuman futhi athola isibuyekezo esishisekayo ephrintiwe esihlokweni esithi "Umgwaqo omncane". Lokhu kudunyiswa okubucayi okubucayi okubucayi futhi kubangele ukukhathazeka ukuthi kungafaki isilinganiso esiphakeme kangaka. Ngakho-ke, ukulahla isikhathi kusuka ekubonisweni kwemibhalo yayo, amaBrahms anikeze uchungechunge lwamakhonsathi. Ngo-1852, lapho usuthole udumo lwalo mculi, uJohannes wanquma ukushicilela futhi wanikela ngamanothi amanothi amabili e-sonat nezingoma nge-leipzig firm Brietkopf & Härtel.
Kodwa-ke, amaBrahms alandela futhi ukwehluleka kwaqala ngokwehluleka kwekhonsathi yekhonsathi ebusika ka-1859. Futhi entlelweni yesibili, ukusabela komphakathi kuphenduke kube nenzondo kangangokuba umbhali kanye nomculi kwakudingeka babambe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngenxa yakwaJohannes, ehlushwe kubalandeli nabagxeki, bangenela impikiswano ngesimo somculo waseJalimane futhi bahlasela "esikoleni esisha", eholwa nguRichard Wagner nama-Ferinets.
Ukuhlola okunjalo kwanele ukukhohlwa ngalesi simo ezweni lakulelizwe, futhi kwahlala eSovic Academy, kwathatha isikhundla sekhanda nomqhubi. Umqambi wabe esexazululwa eBheden-Baden, futhi waqala ukusebenza emisebenzini edume kakhulu, kufaka phakathi "okuyisicelo saseJalimane", okuthi, ngemuva kokungeza i-solo solo "ihr habt nun traurigkeit", waba nempumelelo emangalisayo.
Ngaleso sikhathi, umqambi wethule uchungechunge oluqediwe lwe- "Hungary Dance" kanye neqoqo le-Waltz le-Quartet ne-Piano. Ngaphansi kwethonya elizuzisayo lempumelelo yamaBrahms, kungenzeka ukuqedela imisebenzi emikhulu eqala futhi ukhulule i-cantata ye-rinaldo, "Symphony yokuqala", ingxenye yawo eyaziwa ngokuthi yi- "Lullaby" eyaziwayo, ne- "Rhapsodia" ye Umlingani, ikwaya yabesilisa ne-orchestra.
Ukuqondisa abaculi bomculo weVienna Music Society, uJohannes wahlela i-premiere yendalo entsha, lapho, phakathi kweminye imisebenzi, azwakala khona "ukuhlukahluka ngesihloko seHaydna", ama-Quatets ahlanganisiwe we-Choir ", abhalwe ngo-1874.
Emva kwalokho, inkazimulo yalowo umqambi yadlula imingcele ye-Central Europe, kanti ama-brahms anikezwa amaphrimiyamu ahlonishwayo, ama-honor kanye nemiklomelo, futhi aqashelwa njengesakhamuzi esihlonishwayo saseHamburg. Ngo-1882, wamenywa ukuba afeze ikhonsathi yesibili yepiyano, ephelezelwa yi-orchestra yasemidlalweni edume umhlaba wonke ye-mininghange futhi enze irekhodi lokuhlola lomdanso waseHungary kwi-Phonofece elethwa nguThomas Edison.
Ngeminyaka yama-1890s, lapho imisebenzi yayisezingeni eliphezulu lokuthandwa, amaBrahms ngemuva kokwazi noJohann Strauss II ngokungazelelwe wanquma ukushiya ukubhala futhi akhulume kuphela njengomqhubi nomqhubi. Kepha imibono esele yasuswa, yawubuyisela ubuqambi futhi yathatha ukwakheka ku-trio nase-sonatas nge-cleo kanye nohlu olude lwe-intermezzo neminye imidlalo yepiyano.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Naphezu kokuqashelwa kokudala nokuthandwa, amaBrahms ahlulekile ukuthola injabulo empilweni yakhe siqu futhi, ngokusho kwemibhalo ye-Archival, akakaze abe nonkosikazi noma izingane. Wathola ukunamathisela okuthandekayo kuClare Schuman, kepha ngisho nangemva kokushona kobuhlungu bomlingani wakhe, umculi omkhulu nomqambi omkhulu, wasala naye ngobuhlobo obuhle futhi wagcinwa ekubonisweni okuvulekile kwemizwa.
Ngo-1859, ukoma kwenduduzo yomndeni kuphothule uJohannes ukuba ahlanganyele enjabulini intombazane u-Agata von zhibolt, owayenomusa we-aristoctat nezwi elinomusa. Kepha ukuthukwa kukaClara kanye nezingxoxo ezivela kule nyunyana kuholele ekuqhekekeni kokuzibandakanya, oshiye uphawu "ku-String Sex" Sol omncane ".
Ngemuva kokuhlukana, amaBrahms abe ngumuntu ovaliwe, aveze imizwa emisebenzini kuphela, futhi wavuma ukuthi akulutho olungasho ukuthi inoveli nomculi kaBarbie Aley kanye nokuxhumana okunobungane noFan of Elizabeth von Gezogenberg.
Ukushona
Ngo-1896, amaBrahms athola i-jaundice, eyadala isimila esibindini, ngokushesha umzimba wonke washaywa. Kepha umqambi obuthakathaka aqhubeka nokubhala umculo futhi avele emphakathini owenziwe yi-orchestra. Inkulumo yokugcina, ebanjelwe ngoMashi 1897, yabangela ukugaya, futhi uJohannes waya endaweni yesehlakalo ekubongiseni umphakathi wamukelwa ngemfudumalo.Ngemuva kwenyanga, lesi simo sesisiwohlokile, futhi kwadingeka ukuthi alahle ukuvakasha kwe-premiere ye-operetta Strauss "unkulunkulukazi wengqondo" futhi achithe ezinye izinsuku eVeennese House eboshwe embhedeni. Ngenxa yalokho, umdlavuza wesibindi wathatha ibhalansi yamabutho umqambi futhi wenza ukuba afe ngo-Ephreli 3, 1897.
Isidumbu somuntu oneminyaka engama-60 ubudala singcwatshwe ethuneni elise-Austrian Cemetery Wiener Sentrarfriedhof, ngaphansi kwesikhumbuzo soMklamo weBelgian uVictor Orta nesikhumbuzo se-Austrian Sculptor Von TVARDOV.
Imisebenzi Yomculo
- 1853 - Op. 1 "Sonata No. 1" yepiyano C-DUT
- Ngo-1854 - Op. 9 "Ukuhluka ngesihloko R. Shuman" epiyano
- 1857 - Op. I-11 "Inombolo yeSerenade 1" ye-D-DUT Orchestra
- 1858 - Op. 15 "Concert No. 1" epiyano nge-Orchestra D-Moll
- 1861 - Op. Ukuhlukahluka noFluele e-Handel "kuPiano B-Dur
- Ngo-1864 - Op. I-32 "Lieder und Gesänge" ("izingoma nama-tunes")
- 1865 - Op. I-36 "I-String Sextet Inombolo 2" G-DR
- 1868 - Op. I-45 "Isicelo seJalimane" sakwaSoloists, Choir no-Orchestra
- 1869 - Op. I-50 "Rinaldo" Cantata ye-tenor, ikwaya yabesilisa ne-orchestra
- Ngo-1870 - Op. I-52 "Liebesleeder-Walzer" ("Izingoma Zothando") Valtza ye-Vocal Quartet kanye nepiyano izandla ezine
- Ngo-1870 - Op. "I-RapseOdy" ye-conferpart, ikwaya yabesilisa ne-orchestra ("alto Rhapsody")
- Ngo-1876 - Op. 68 "Symphony No. 1" C-MOLL
- 1877 - Op. 73 "Symphony No. 2" D-Dur
- 1879 - Op. 79 "I-rapseody for piano"
- 1885 - Op. 98 "Symphony No. 4" e-Moll
- Ngo-1892 - Op. 117 "Ama-Three Intermezzo" epiyano
- 1896 - Op. 122 "Elf Choralvorspiele" ("I-Eleven Chorard Preludes") Isitho