Ulwazi lwalugugu futhi lwenziwa eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, nasezikhathini zasendulo, lapho abantu beqala ukuthola izinto. Ezinye izikhungo zemfundo zahlala ngekhulu le-XXI futhi zisathatha abafundi. Ihhovisi lokuhlela 24CMI lifunde lapho iNyuvesi yakudala emhlabeni ikhona.
I-Italy - University of Bologna
Lesi sikhungo sithathwa njengendala eYurophu. IBologna University yasungulwa ngo-1088. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi igama elithi "inyuvesi" lavela lapha okokuqala, elihunyushwe lisuka eLatin lisho "umphakathi wothisha nososayensi". AbakwaBologna basungule abafundi abakhethile futhi bakhokhele oprofesa. Kwakuyisikhungo sokuqala semfundo ethatha abafundi kungakhathalekile ukuthi basebenzise ifa kanye nefathi - abesifazane bangafika benane nabesilisa.Othisha bendawo babathonya eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Lapha, amasu athuthukile okuqeqeshwa ngesikhathi sawo seyethulwe lapha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwathinta ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Italy kanye nemingcele. Namuhla, iBologna University ihlala ingenye ebaluleke kakhulu ezweni lakubo. Itholakala omunye wolwazi ongcono kakhulu emhlabeni, onamavolumu angaphezu kwamakhulu angama-200.
Ubuhlakani baseYurophu besikhathi sabo bafunda e-University of Bologna. Kulezi zindonga, imbongi yeRenaissance Francesco Petrarch, umbhali we-Divine Comeced Dante Aligiery kanye ne-astricist edumile ne-astronomer uNikolai Copernicus, owenze uguquko ekuqondeni indawo yonke, wathola ulwazi. Ufunde lapha nosaziwayo banamuhla: Umqondisi kanye nombhali we-Screen Antonione Michelangelo, umsunguli wemfashini uGiorgio Armani kanye nomsunguli we-Ferrari Izithuthi Zenkampani Unjiniyela Enzo Ferrari.
I-United Kingdom - I-Oxford University
Kudala kunazo zonke e-UK nenye yezikhungo zemfundo eziphakeme kakhulu eziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni. Inyuvesi e-Oxford yasungulwa ngo-1096. Ekuthuthukisweni, izinguquko zeNkosi uHenry II zibonisa kahle, ngemuva kwalokho abafundi abavela eNgilandi baphoqeleka ukuba bashiye i-sorbonna.
E-Oxford, ngaphezu kwamakhulu emitapo yolwazi, ethandwa kakhulu yi-bodlian. Ngaphambi kokungena ekungeneni, abafundi baphoqelekile ukuthi bayisho isimemezelo esasiyenqabela impango futhi sintshontshe imithombo yomlilo. Isiko lokusho la magama ngokuzwakalayo kuze kube manje.
Manje i-University of Oxford ifaka amakolishi angama-38 nezikole ezi-6 ezivaliwe. Abafundi abayizinkulungwane ezingama-20 bafunda lapha, izinkulungwane ezinhlanu zazo zingabafokazi. U-Oxford wethule umhlaba wonke ama-bo Nobel laureates kanye nezikhonzi ezingama-25 zase-UK Prime, phakathi kwayo uMargaret Thatcher. Futhi kulezi zindonga wafunda ababhali uJohn Tolkin noLewis Carroll.
IFrance - Inyuvesi yaseParis
Unyaka oqondile wesisekelo se-University of Paris (noma i-sorbonne) namanje akaziwa. Uma ukholelwa amadokhumenti, bafundisa lapho ngo-1096. Kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka, kwakuyindawo eqoqe abantu abafundile benkathi. I-SATIR ne-Humarist e-Erasmus Rotterdam, umlobi uViktor Hugo, isazi sefilosofi uJean Sartre, neFilm Sloododovskaya-Curie, ne-Polonium, nasePolonia, noCurie, nasePolonia.I-University of Paris yasinda ukushaqeka kwendaba yakhe. Izimpi kanye nezingxabano zezepolitiki amahlandla amathathu kuholele ekuvaleni kwe-sorbonna, kepha kulokhu kwavuselelwa futhi kwavula iminyango yabafundi futhi. Ngo-1970, iParis University yahlakazeka. Manje isikhungo sihlukaniswe izikhungo ezizimele eziyi-13.
ISpain - Inyuvesi yaseSalamank
INyuvesi yaseSalamanca yaqala ukuba khona ngo-1134 njengesikole nesonto. Isihloko se-University of the Isikhungo esabelwe iKing Leon Alfonso IX ngo-1218. Esikhathini esivela emakhulwini eminyaka we-XVI-XVII, lapho uMbuso WaseSpain wachuma, kwakuyi-University yezwe ehamba phambili. USalamanca uhlotshaniswa negama likaChristopher Columbus. I-navigator yathola izeluleko kothisha ukuze bafunde ngentshonalanga yentshonalanga eya eNdiya. Isikhungo semfundo sihlala sisendulo futhi sidume kakhulu eSpain. Nazi izitshudeni ezifisa ukufunda izilimi nokwakha abantu.
IGermany - Heidelberg University
Yasungulwa ngo-1386 eHeidelberg ngesimemezelo sikaPapa Urban VI. Le yiyunivesithi yakudala eJalimane. Lesi sakhiwo asilimalanga phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi leli dolobha lalingeyona into ebaluleke kakhulu, ngakho-ke, yahlala ingathinteki ngezenzo zamasosha. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi amabutho aseMelika ayenethemba lokudala ubugamu lapho.Ibhayisekili lokuqala elinamasondo amabili laqhamuka lapha - lokhu kwakungumsunguli weKarl Drais. UHeidelberg University wethule umhlaba uLow World owesishiyagalombili woMklomelo kaNobel. Kugcinwa nengilazi yewayini enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, umthamo wamalitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-127.
USA - Harvard
Inyuvesi endala e-United States yasungulwa ngo-1636 eMassachusetts. Ukusungulwa yigama lokuqanjwa kokuqala - uJohn Harvard, oza othisha kanye nabafundi uhhafu wepropathi kanye nomtapo wezincwadi okhule babalelwa ku-18.9 million movomes eminyakeni edlule.
Ekuqaleni, abafundi abayisishiyagalolunye bafunda eHarvard, futhi wabafundisa omunye uprofesa. Namuhla, inyuvesi iholwa uhlu lomhlaba. Ukusuka lapha, kwakukhona amaLaureates angama-40 omklomelo weNobel, kanye nabasunguli kanye nosopolitiki. UTheodore Roosevelt, uBill Gates noMark Zuckerberg bafundwa lapha.
Isiko ligcinwa eHarvard - Inhloso enkulu ivaliwe. Abafundi kumele bakhuphuke le ndawo kabili - lapho beza futhi badedelwa lapha. Abasunguli besishiyagalombili base-United States abasayine ukumenyezelwa kwenkululeko, bafunda lapha. Futhi, izwe labuswa ngabakwaMongameli abayisishiyagalombili - abafundi beHarvard, ngakho-ke inani 8 lapha lithathwa njengemfihlakalo.
I-Ukraine - I-LVIV National University egama lingu-Ivan Franklo
Isimo seNyuvesi yesikhungo esabelwe ku-1661 King Yang II Casimir. Ekuqaleni, kwakuyi-collegium yamaJesuit, eyavela ngo-1608. Lapha bafunda ifilosofi, isiLatini nezenkolo. Lapho uGalina eba yingxenye yombuso weHabsburg, lezi zindonga zaqala ukufundisa ngesi-Ukraine.Ngo-1940, waqanjwa kabusha nge-LSU (manje eyiphaphu) futhi wathola igama lenqubomgomo nomlobi u-Ivan Franco. Imbongi uDmitry Pavlychko ifundwe lapha, umlobi uRoman Lubkovsky, usopolitiki uLilia Grinevich.
Yikuphi inyuvesi endala eRussia
Enye yamasampula amadala wefomu lemfundo yasendulo eRussia ihlala i-Moscow State University egama liqanjwe ngo-Lomonosov, owayekhona kusukela ngo-1755. Ngaphansi kwamandla eSoviet, i-Epperactor-based emnyama ebhekwa njengeyandala futhi ebaluleke kakhulu ezweni. Ngemuva kokuwa kwe-USSR, ubuholi obusha baseRussia buqashelwa iSt. Petersburg State University - Umlandeli owasungulwa ngo-1724 nguPeter I Amfundo University.
Manje isikhungo semfundo siye sanda ngokweqiniso, ngaphezu kwezakhiwo ezindala ePeterhof nase-University Embankment - hhayi kuphela izakhiwo ezintsha ezitholakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zeSt. Thezulu.
Eqinisweni, inyuvesi yakudala kakhulu endaweni yaseRussia yiKönigsbean Albertin eKaliningrad, eyasungulwa maphakathi nekhulu le-XVI. Manje iNyuvesi ikhona i-BFU. Immanuel Kant.
Kukuliphi izwe elidala kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele
Inyuvesi endala kakhulu emhlabeni ayikho eYurophu. Yize kunjalo, ngokwesibonelo, isikhathi eside ngaphambi kwe-Oxford naseBologna, u-Al-Azhar wavulwa eGibhithe, kusukela ngo-988 kwaze kwaba yindawo engokomoya ihlala iyisikhungo esingokomoya se-Islam. U-Al-Azhar wamukelwa njengenye yezikhungo zemfundo zasendulo kakhulu zamazwe ase-Arab.
Ngakho-ke iyunivesithi yakudala kakhulu emhlabeni itholakala edolobheni laseFez ukuya eMorocco. Le yi-al-karauline, eyasungulwa ngo-859. Kakade ngaleso sikhathi, ngaphandle kwemfundiso yezenkolo, bafundisa isayensi yezinkanyezi, i-geography, i-chemistry nezinye izinto zesayensi.