I-Biograge
Isithonjana sasendulo saseRussia njengoba kwenzeka into yobuciko emhlabeni ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, i-iConist yayikhona njengohlobo olungashiwongo, ukungaziwa kwalo okunqunyelwa kusengaphambili ngezinkomo zobuhle kanye nokuqokwa komkhuleko wesithombe esibhaliwe. Kodwa-ke, intshisekelo yesithonjana njengoba isihloko sobuciko siveze amagama abaculi, kusuka ngaphansi kwamabhulashi okuchazwa okuphelele kakhulu. I-Moscow ICON Painter Dionysius ihlala endaweni yokuqala kulolu chungechunge.Ukhanda
Mayelana ne-Masters Masters iConopy akaziwa kakhulu. Bakhuluma ngokuyinhloko umsebenzi wabo. Kodwa-ke, uDonia waziwa ngaphezu kwabanduleli abakhulu - i-Faofan Greek kanye ne-Andrei rublev. Umculi wesikhathi esizayo wazalwa cishe ngo-1444, mhlawumbe, emndenini wezikebhe. Kodwa-ke, imininingwane ephathelene nohlobo nendawo yokuzalwa komdwebi wesithonjana ayigcinwanga.
Akukaziwa futhi ukuthi uDionysius wafunda i-Iconist Sciel, kepha uphakamisa ukuthi ngo-1460s asebenze ngaphansi kokuthunyelwe kwenkosi kaMitrofan. Eminyakeni engama-40 ubudala, umdwebi walingisa owakhe u-Artel, owayeganwe ukupenda kwemikhandlu yaseMoscow Rus. UDionysius nethimba elidwetshwe amasonto ngamanye nama-letters amathempeli ayingxenye yezindela, futhi impilo yakhe yayiwuchungechunge lokuhamba ngezindawo.
Nokho, impilo yomuntu siqu ye-Master yafihla ubukhulu bamakhulu eminyaka, kuyaziwa ukuthi amadodana akhe ka-Deodosius noVladimir nabo bahlanganyela ekupeleni kwesithonjana baze bangena esihlokweni sikaBaba. Amanye amaqiniso avela emculweni we-biography waziwa ngokuphila. Isibonelo, lokho, esebenza ePanguvo-Borovsky Monastery ngesigodlo se-1460s naku-1970, wahlangana noMfundisi Panzhetia, owamphulukisa ekuguleni okuthunyelwe kumdwebi wokungalaleli.
Omunye um-monom-Devotee, waba nobani isiphetho sikaDionysius, waba nguye uJoseph Volootsky, owasungula eyakhe ukuhlala ngo-1479. UHegimen wacela umdwebi ukuthi adwebe amathempeli ayinkimbinkimbi eyakhiwa, kamuva ekhazinyuliswe njenge-Iosifo-Volokolamsky Resuswali Sounastery. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi uDionysius umngcele ubhekise "e-Iconpoction ye-Iconpoction" edumile.
Akukho lutho olwaziwa ngezimbangela zokufa kwenkosi. Isifo sokugcina esithombeni esibonisa uDionysius siba imininingwane ngaphambi kokusuka wamukela ukuma kwe-monastic ukuchitha izinsuku zokugcina emthandazweni nangobumfihlo. Ngemuva kwesithonjana sackter, i-Pleiad yabafundi nabalandeli, imisebenzi yayo, naphezu kwezinzuzo zobuciko, ayinakuqhathaniswa nomsebenzi we-Master ngobuhle nokubonisa.
Isithonjana
Ukubeka ubuciko, uDionirsia wabhala okokuqala ngaphansi kokuholwa amakhosi anolwazi. Lowo bekungumsebenzi weminyaka eyi-10 esontweni lokupenda lokuzalwa kwentombi yabusisiwe uMariya uMariya esigodini sasePAFTYevo-Borovsky, ngemuva kwalokho umdwebi wathola idumela njengenkantolo yecala lakhe. Ngo-1481, umdwebi unikeza ukuthukuthela okuhlonishwayo ukudala i-iconostasis ethembeni lesonto leMoscow Kremlin.
Isimo sabathengi kumdwebi bakhombisa ukuthi iqiniso elijabulisayo athola idiphozithi enkulu yentombi eyi-100. UDionysius wathatha abaculi abathathu ukuba bazisize, futhi yena uqobo wathatha isikhundla seDesisu - ingxenye ebhekele kakhulu yomsebenzi. Sekuvele lapha, wazibonakalisa njenge-"master's Master", ukwehlisa izici zesitayela sopende wesithonjana seMosco - ukugcwala okuhle kakhulu, ubukhosi kanye nokukhanyiswa kopende, ubuhle bobuso.
Izithonjana Dionysius zingesikhathi se-Heyday Rus Rus, esanda muva nje ukusetha kabusha i-Tatar-Mongolian IGo ukuyicindezela. 1482 Isithonjana esithi "Inkosikazi Yethu ye-Odigitria" ibilisiwe, nayo ebhalelwe iKremlin Cathedral. Eminye imisebenzi, egcinwe kuze kube namuhla, yaba "umbhali wesihogo", "ubhapathizo lweNkosi", "esithembela", "kusindiswa emandleni."
Isiphetho seFrescoes Dionysius ngokudabukisayo: Iningi lazo labhujiswa. Wall Murals of the Master Onenshise Ungukungangabazeki - lena yi-frescoes esontweni lokuzalwa kwentombi yeNtombi Yezindela. Emsebenzini omkhulu, umculi wasiza amadodana namafutho.
I-Mural igcwele ukukhanya futhi okujabulisayo, okuhambisana nokukhazinyuliswa kwentombi ebusisekile uMariya uMariya - zonke izithombe zizinikele izingcezwana zempilo yakhe, kufaka phakathi iziza ezivela e-Akathotist. Ukuvumelana kwemibala ehlanzekile, emnene, phakathi kwayo igcwele amathoni aluhlaza okotshani negolide, izokwakha izithombe.
Ngokuphepha kwama-frescoes asendulo, kungenzeka ukubonga ubuphofu bezindela zasenyakatho ezikude, ezazingakwazi ukukhokhela "ukukhiqiza kabusha" izindonga, ngakho-ke umdwebo wasala cishe nge-pristine form.
I-Desumiture Dionyysia ifana nesambulo, lapho umhlaba wasemhlabeni uqala khona ukuxhumana nomhlaba ongabonakali. Izithonjana zomdwebi ziveza ukusesha okungokomoya kwenkathi, kuveza amasampula aphezulu ohlobo lobuciko benkolo. Imisebenzi eyisithupha yamakhosi amadala aseRussia aboniswa ekuchazeni kwe-State Tretakov Gallery.
Ukusebenza
- 1467-1477 - Umdwebo weKhathedrali yokuzalwa kwentombi ePaftyvo-Borovsky Monastery
- I-1481 - Iconostasis yephoyisa le-Assuse ye-Moscow Kremlin
- 1482 - "I-Lady yethu ka-Odihythriya (Smolenskaya)"
- 1480s - "I-Alexy Metropolitan Ngempilo"
- 1500 - "UMsindisi EMbuthweni"
- 1500 - "Isiqinisekiso Sefoma"
- 1500 - "Ukubhabhadiswa kweNkosi"
- 1500 - "DIORECET EHLE"
- I-1502 - AmaFrescoes esonto lesonto lesonto lentombi yeNtombi yeFerapontov