I-Biograge
U-Antonin Dvorak - Umqambi wakwaCzech, izingoma zakhe ezibhekisela kuhlobo lwezothando. Endalweni yakhe, umbhali wahlanganisa ama-leitmotifs asendulo nezici zendabuko zoMculo kazwelonke. Abagxeki nezilaleli bathokozela ubuhlakani be-maestro nobuhle obuhlukile bemiculo eyadalwa nguye. Ifa lokudala lomculi lifaka iWaltza, opera, ukuhlekisa, amakhonsathi, ama-symphonies nama-etude.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Antonin Leopold Dvorak uvele ngoSepthemba 8, 1841 edolobhaneni eliseduze nenqaba uNelagozes emndenini wakubo. Ngobuzwe, abazali bakhe babengamaCzech. Umndeni wawazisa kakhulu amasiko ezwe labo. Uyise wagcina indawo yokudlela, umsebenzi akwazile ukuwahlanganisa nomsebenzi oyinhloko. Esikhathini sezikhathi zokuzilibazisa, wayethanda ukudlala iCitra. Ngakho-ke u-Antonin wahlangana nomculo.
Umdala, umfana wathola emsebenzini wabantu abadala, wasiza ekuthuthukisweni kwecala lomndeni, kepha inhliziyo yakhe yaba nentshisekelo emculweni. Eminyakeni engu-6, abazali bayikhombe iNdodana esikoleni. Ngaphezu kwezincwadi nokubalwa, wafundiswa kanye nomculo wakwa-Asam. Uthisha wokuqala umfana waba uJoseph Spitz, uNgqongqoshe WeSonto. U-Antonin wakhetha ithuluzi lokuqala le-violin futhi ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2 ejabulile izivakashi zezindawo zokudlela zikababa zokudlela. UDvorak uphinde wasondela ezinsizakalweni esontweni.
Eneminyaka engu-9 ubudala, waphothula izifundo zakhe zesikole futhi wathunyelwa edolobheni laseZlonens. Lapha u-Antonin wayezofunda ku-butcher. Umfana wayehlala kuMalume, owachaza umshana waya esikoleni ngokufunda isiJalimane. UKantor Antonin Lehman wayenguthisha wekilasi. Wabona ikhono lokudala lengane yakudala futhi waqala ukumnika izifundo zokudlala upiyano nesitho.
I-Dvorak young young ihlanganisa ukusebenza kanzima ngokubulawa kwabantu ngamakilasi akhuthazayo kwathi ngo-1856 kwathola idokhumenti yokusebenza njenge-subset. Ngesikhathi, wonke umndeni wakhe wathuthela eZlonia, futhi uYise wanquma ukuthumela iNdodana yakhe ukuba ifundele ama-Czech Kamenets. Emva kwalokho, u-Antonin waba umfundi wesikole esinenhlangano ePrague.
Amaphupho okuqala ale nsizwa ayehlotshaniswa nomsebenzi we-organistal esontweni. Kancane kancane, wajwayelana nemisebenzi yabaqambi abakhulu futhi wazizwa ngokwengeziwe ngokwakhe uqobo ukudala izinto ezibalulekile. Njengoba sesifunde ukuvumelana, amathumbu wokwakha kanye no-prelude, umphathi, umculi wahlonipha ikhono lomdlalo ngezintambo.
Umculo
Lapho esephothule ukuqeqeshwa esikoleni, iDVarak ingaba ngumzimba wezintaba zasemakhaya, kodwa yahlala ePrague. Kusukela ngo-1850, wasebenza njenge-altist eKarelle Karelie Komzak, kwathi ngo-1862 waba ngumculi 'wethiyetha yeshashalazi yesikhashana'. Ngango-1866, izahluko zakhe kwakuwukuxoshwa kwaba umfukeli. Umqambi wenza imisebenzi yeqabunga le-Ferenz, Herector Berlioz, Richard Wagner, Mikhail Glinka.
Ukujika komqondo we-opera, iDvorak yayeka ukusuka e-Orchestra. Inkosi kanye nenkosi neColocher eyayilindelwa isikhathi eside yenzeka ngo-1874. I-Opera yaphumelela ukuphumelela kakhulu, futhi, ephefumulelwe yimpumelelo, iDvorak yaqala ukubhala ngomsebenzi omkhulu. I-Opera "Wanda", "Inkani", "Sly Pourser", kanye nemisebenzi yefomethi encane, kufaka phakathi "ama-deets" aseMoravian "avele. Kamuva, indalo yaziswa kakhulu nguJohannes Brahms.
Naphezu kokuphakama kokudala, le khathi i-biography yeDvoraik yayingelula. Abathathu izingane zakhe zafa, ezithinta ubuqambi. Umbhali wakhuthazelela usizi, ukudabuka nokulangazelela, owabhekana ngenxa yokulahleka. Ngo-1878 kuphela wakwazi ukubhekana nokulahlekelwa kanzima. Unkosikazi wamnika indodakazi, futhi umcimbi ojabulisayo wamisa umculi ngendlela enhle.
Umshicileli womculo Fritz Winner wayala i-Bencite An Refiated iqoqo lemidlalo "yemidanso yeSlavic". Isivuno sakhe saphawulwa ngokusabela ngentshiseko kwabagxeki. AbaseMemomania bathenge amanothi, futhi kubamemezeli baphuthuma ukugeleza kwemiyalo. U-Antonin wafunwa. Ephephandabeni lasePrague, kwavela ukuhunyushwa kwesihloko esithi Article of Arnyer German, futhi isibalo esikhulu sabavakashi babuthana eConcert yeDvoraik. Impumelelo yayingezwa.
U-Antonina Dvorakik ukhethwe yilungu leklabhu lezibalo zokudala "Izingxoxo zeClevetskaya," futhi walingisa ukuqondisa komculo kwale nyunyana. Ngakho-ke umqambi waqala ukwenza njengelungu lejaji emiqhudelwaneni yomculo. Ukuthandwa kwakhe kuye kwaba kuhle. Ayikho ikhonsathi eyenziwe ngaphandle kokugcwaliseka kwemisebenzi yakhe, kodwa ngendalo yoMlobi yanikezwa imali enkulu.
Ngo-1884, wathola isimemo e-UK, lapho amukelwa khona ngemfudumalo. Ohambweni, u-Antonin wahlangana noPeter Tchaikovsky nangemva kokuba uNgilandi evakashele eRussia ngokuvakasha. Igceke lalithukuthele lapha.
Ngo-1901, i-Premiere ye-Opera edumile "i-Operaid" yenzeke, yakhunjuzwa kabusha ngethalente elikhulu lomlobi. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakamuva yeDvoraik, ebhalwe ngaphambi kokufa, kwakuyi "I-AMPRID", umbhali aqeda ngo-1904.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1873, u-Antonin Dvarak washada. Okhethiweyo wakhe kwakuyindodakazi yakhe ubucwebe bakhe u-Anna Chermakova. Impilo yomuntu siqu yomculi we-novice wanele, kepha isimo sezinto ezibonakalayo sabashade saphenduka. Kuvele izingane ngokushesha emndenini. Ukuqinisekisa, iDvorak yasebenza njengomzimba esontweni laseSt. Loetha.
Imali yayintule kabi, futhi umqambi wafaka ukwesaba izifundiswa zezibalo ezingezinhle zokudala. Ikhomishini eqoqwe ukucatshangelwa kwesicelo kwakuyiBrahms. Ukuqinisekisa imisebenzi yokudala yeDVarak, yabonisa amajaji we-Symphony ye-3 neyesi-4.
Ikhomishini ivumele ukuhlinzekwa kwezinzuzo. Unikezwe umculi iminyaka emi-5. Usizo lwezezimali lwalusendleleni ebunzima khona, lapho kufa izingane ezincane zabalingani abancane.
Ukushona
U-Antonin Dvarak washona ngoMeyi 1, 1904. Imbangela yokufa yayigcwele ubuhlanya ebuchosheni. Ithuna lakhe litholakala ePrague emathuneni aseVigiserad. Futhi edolobheni kukhona imnyuziyamu enikezelwe empilweni yomqambi.Namuhla, igama lakhe likhunjulwa ngabantu abanemfundo yomculo, kepha indoda engavamile emgwaqweni ikhumbula i-NOBORIK, ilalela ababhali "abanabantu". Noma kunjalo, umnikelo womculi efa lenhlangano ubalulekile. Umdwebo wakhe ubekwa ezincwadini ezahlukahlukene ezikhethekile nezincwadi ..
Imisebenzi Yomculo
- Ngo-1870 - "Alfred"
- Ngo-1871 - Inkosi nekhoyili "
- Ngo-1874 - "Inkani"
- Ngo-1875 - "Wanda"
- Ngo-1877 - "USly Pourser"
- Ngo-1886 - Oratoria "Saint Lyudmila"
- Ngo-1890 - "Requiem"
- 1900 - "Mermaid"
- Ngo-1904 - "I-ARMID"