Umlando Wemilingiswa
Izibalo ze-Culture and Arts ziphendukela kakhulu nezinguquko zenhlalo nezepolitiki emazweni abo okuzalwa. Ubuqambi babalobi baseRussia bekhulu le-19 bahlanganisa inkinga evela eCaucasus. Impi, eyathatha kule ndawo isuka ku-1817 yaya ku-1864, ayizange inikeze izwe ukwelapha izindaba eziningi ezibuhlungu. Isifunda saheha izimbongi nababhali ngemidwebo yabo nakwazanga, futhi inani labantu bendawo ngengqondo yakhe kanye ne-Nravami kwabonakala sengathi baxoshwa nenkululeko. Ibhubesi uNikoleyevich Tolstoy wabhala le ndaba ethi "Caucasian Thust", ephefumulelwe izehlakalo eCaucasus.Umlando wendalo
Le ndatshana yeTolstoy yasukuma emugqeni owodwa ngamanoveli "u-Anna Karenina" kanye ne- "War nokuthula", okwakuthola ukuqashelwa komhlaba. Ngawo-1870s, umbhali walahla amabutho awo futhi waqala ukusebenza ekuthuthukisweni kwemfundiso engeyona eChristing. Ubephila ngemithetho ethintekile yazenzela futhi wasebenza ngokuhambisana ne-Worldview. Kulula empilweni nomsebenzi sekuphenduke umkhondo wayo oyinhloko.
UTolstoy wabhala izincwadi ezimbili: "ABC" kanye "New Alfabhethi". Umehluko omkhulu kusuka emisebenzini yokuqala kwakuwukuqondakala kolimi nokutholakala kuwo wonke umuntu othathe incwadi esesandleni. Ngakho-ke umlobi wafika imicabango yakhe kubantu abalula. Indaba ethi "abathunjiwe baseCaucasian" bangene encwadini yokuqala. Umsebenzi ususelwa ekuvezweni komuntu siqu kaTolstoy, ocishe wavela ukuthi athunjwe ngabaphezulu baseCaucasus ngo-1853.
Indaba yashicilela umagazini i- "Zarya" ngo-1872. Umbhali ngokwakhe wacubungula le ndaba ngumsebenzi wobuciko obusezingeni lomhlaba, abantu abangabizi banoma yimuphi umsuka.
"Isiboshwa seCaucasus"
Isikhulu saseRussia zhilin, protagonist womsebenzi, sisebenza njengoba amabutho abambe iqhaza ekutholeni kweCaucasus eMbusweni WaseRussia. Ubhekene nomndeni olula ofezekisa yonke into empilweni yedwa. Lokhu kungumlingiswa futhi kudonsela ukuzwela kwabafundi. Ukutholwa kubahlali, owesilisa ukhombisa ukunyibilika nokumelana nomoya. Uhlela ukuphunyula. Ubulukhuni bomlingiswa wabathunjiwe lubangela ukuhlonipha ngisho nama-tatar athunjiwe.
UZhilin uphendukela ukuba yinkosi yazo zonke izandla. Uzokwenza unodoli onamandla, wenqabile izinto eziphukile. Kugcina ngesibindi futhi akuhlathihla. Amakhono akhe asiza i-Hero ukuba abambelele ekudingisweni: UDina wamgqokisa ukudla, futhi amatatara awazange ajezise. Njengoba sesithole imvume yokubhala incwadi ecela ukuhlengwa, uZilin kumemezele ukuthi ngeke icele izinhlamvu zemali eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu futhi ilungele ukunikela ngamakhulu amahlanu kuphela.
Iqhawe liboshwe phakathi kwelinye isobho laseRussia - iKostlina. Lesi sakamuva siyakwazisa impilo yaso ephakeme kakhulu futhi sesilungele ukucela izinhlamvu zemali eziyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu ezihlotsheni, nje ukuphuma entandweni. Akenzi lutho ukuphuma ekudingisweni, kuphela ekhononda ngekusasa. Ngenkathi igquma ligaya isibonakaliso sokuphunyuka, i-kostlin ikhala ngokulindela ukuhlengwa.
Ukuphunyuka kweziboshwa kwehlulekile ngenxa ye-kostlin. AmaTatar athola amaqhawe lapho inkululeko isondele ngokuphelele. La maphoyisa kwadingeka abuyele ejele futhi abuye acabange ngohlelo lokundiza. Esikhundleni se-shed, zafakwa emgodini ojulile. UGilina wasiza ukubalekela uDina osemncane, ekhumbula umngane omuhle. Iqhawe lasindiswa yizikolo, futhi waqhubeka nenkonzo yakhe. I-Kostylin yasindisa ukubonga kokuhlengwa.
Ukuqhathanisa okucacisiwe kwegquma ne-crutin
Umqondo oyinhloko womkhiqizo weTolstoy ukuthi akudingekile ukuwela emoyeni futhi unikele, ubhekane nobunzima. Ukunqoba ubunzima kudinga ukholo ngokwalo nangesifiso esikhulu. Lo mbono ungasakazwa kunoma yisiphi isimo.
Ukucabanga ukuthi amanye amaqhawe kungenzeka asindiswe, kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi ukuhlenga kabusha kwe-kostylin, okungenzeka kube mahhala. Kepha isibindi namandla kaWallhili kwabonakala okuphambene. Akaceli ukucindezela, akathandazi ukucela isihe, kepha asebenze ngesisekelo sezimo. Ukusondela kwabantu, udumo nokuhlonishwa, ubukhosi kanye nokulula kusiza izindlu ukuze zihlale ziphila ezimweni ezinzima.
Zombili lezi ziboshwa zazihleli esibayeni, ezinamaphimbo, kepha uZhilin wayethandwa ngabantu bendawo. UDeaty noDexterous, washeshe wathola ulimi olujwayelekile nendodakazi ka-Abdul Murat. Le ndoda yenza amathoyizi alwayo. Okokuhamba, wahlasela amasu okuphunyuka, nobusuku be-dope. IWundlu namakhekhe, alethwe dina ababongayo, kwamsiza futhi kuhlale kuphila.
UZhilin noKostlin kulo lonke ulandiswa baphikisana. Amadoda asesimweni esifanayo, elwela inhlangano yeCaucasus neRussia. Bathunjwa lapho bebuyela ekhaya, futhi uZhilin wayeshayela ezobona umama esemshonile. UTatar wabona amaRussia wabamba. I-Brive Zhill njalo yaphenduka ukuba ibe sezimweni ezilimazayo ngenxa ye-crutin yobugwala futhi engajabuli. Iqhawe elingenamthungo lathola indlela eya kumaSulumane, ayizange ayikhokhe isihlengo futhi ibeke abantu baseMpumalanga. UKostylin wayesaba impilo futhi wenza konke akuyaliwe.
Ama-biografikhi weziboshwa ahlukile, ngakho-ke izici zezithombe zabo zibonisa umehluko wezimpawu, amathalente namakhono. UZilin wayephikelela, wayekholelwa ngokuqinile empumelelweni, akazange azisole ngamandla okufeza imizamo efiselekayo, eyenziwe nganoma yisiphi isimo lapho athathwe khona. UKostylinin uvaliwe ulinde usizo, wabamba isikhundla nje, azi ukuthi uzomsiza ngozwela.
UKostylin akazange ahluke ukukhuthazela. Ukunambitheka kwakhe kwanikeza ukwazi ngabo edubula lokuqala. Wayengumthwalo weZilina. Ukuphunyuka kwesibili sekuyivivinyo elingabekezeleleki kuye, futhi uKostlin okhethwayo, izandla ezigoqiwe, lindela owokugcina.
UTolstoy Ngokusobala wabiza le ndaba ethi "Caucasian abathunjiwe", engqondweni iqhawe elilodwa, yize lalingabalingiswa ababili. Kumlobi nabafundi, umuntu oyedwa kwakuyiqhawe langempela le-inthanethi. I-Passive Kostylin yayingumlingiswa odabukisayo owavimbela endleleni kaZilina, owayefanise ikusasa lakhe. Amagama amaqhawe achaza kahle izinhlamvu zawo nokubukeka kwazo. UZhillin noKostylin bangabameli bezinhlobo ezahlukene zobuntu, ngakho-ke izindawo zabo ziyahlukahluka, nezindlela zokuphila azivumelani.
-Vikayo
Indaba kaLev Nikolayevich Tolstoy yaqala yagcwala ngoMqondisi uGeorge Kalatozashvili ngo-1975. Esithombeni sikaZilina, umlingisi uYuri Nazarov weza kwifilimu.
Ifilimu yesibili yethulwa ngonyaka we-1996. Kususelwa kuma-leitmotim omsebenzi, kepha isenzo sidluliselwa kwamaqiniso wanamuhla. USergey Bodrov-Sr. Uchaze umqondo okhulumile wokuthi umbono wakhe uhambelana ngaphandle kwesimo nezimo ezihlongozwayo. Iqhaza likaZilina lenze uSergey Bodrov-Jr ..