I-Biograge
UZinaida Serebryakova ungumdwebi waseRussia owasebenza ngohlobo lwe-postrait. Kwavela emndenini ohlakaniphile. Ngendlela yokudala ye-serebrzwakov, ukuthambekela kwesithombe semvelo, abantu, kepha kusekhona ama-livers. Kungokuhamba kwe- "World of Art", i-Campaikoting Direction yagwenywa. Wake waba eFrance ekuseni ngo-1930s, uZinaida Serebryakov isikhathi eside akakwazanga ukubuyela ekhaya. Wamukela ukuba yisakhamuzi saseFrance futhi waphinde wahlangana nezihlobo ngo-1966 kuphela. Namuhla, imisebenzi yakhe iyakhonjiswa eminyuziyamu yomhlaba edume kakhulu.Ubuntwana nentsha
UZinaida Lancer wazalwa ngoNovemba 28 (December 10) ka-1884. Lesi sibongo sasingokwababa wakhe. Umndeni wamantombazane uhlala efeni elingenathemba elingenathemba ngaphansi Kharkov. Akumangazi ukuthi i-biography yakhe yahlotshaniswa nobuciko. Ubaba womculi wesikhathi esizayo wasebenza njengomunyu, umama wakhe wahlanganyela kwimidwebo, umkhulu kwakunguMklami odumile uNikolai Benua, futhi izihlobo eziningi zazizinikela ebuciko.
Ukukhuliswa okuhle nezipho zokudala akuzange kubhekwe emvelweni wazo ngokuthile okungajwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, isifiso sikaZina siqaphele indlela yobuciko sabonwa. Wakhulela nabazalwane. Kamuva, omncane waba umklami, futhi abaphezulu bangumdwebi wezinhlungu.
Iminyaka yobusha uZinaida yaqhubeka eSt. Petersburg, lapho umndeni washukumisa khona ngemuva kokufa kukayise. Isiphetho sentombazane sabandakanyeka ku-Alexander Alexander Benoit. U-SereBryakova uthweswe iziqu kwabesifazane ngokuzivocavoca kwabesifazane ngo-1900 futhi waba ngumfundi wesikole sobuciko. Izisekelo zobuciko obubukwayo, wahlupheka ngaphansi kobuholi be-Ilya Repin, kanye nase-workshop, eyayiholwa ngu-Osip Braz. Ngo-1902-1903, uZina wayivakashela e-Italy, eyayikhuthaza kakhulu.
Ukupenda
Imisebenzi ye-Debut ikhombise isitayela somuntu ngamunye somculi kanye nombhalo wesandla sawo. Ukutadisha Ifa Lesiko Lamasiko Lomhlaba, uSerebrzwakova wayenesithakazelo ezinhlelweni zepulasitiki, ukuthambekela kwababhali kuya kuzwelonke. Kwahlatshwa umxhwele imvelo, ukuvumelana nangempilo yendabuko yaseRussia. Phakathi kwezintandokazi uZinaida kwakunguNikola Pouussin, Peter Rubens, Alexey Venetsian.
Imvamisa ukubukela kumantombazane angewona amaphasi asemaphandleni asemsebenzini, uSerebryakov waveza iziza zemidwebo yazo. Ukuba semgodini wemvelo, wakuncoma ukubonwa, walinganisa impilo yefa, ukunyakaza kwabampofu epulasitiki emsebenzini. Ukubuka isivuno noma okunye ukusebenza kwendawo, umculi waphefumulelwa imisebenzi emisha.
Phakathi kwemidwebo yokuqala kaZinaida Serebryakova - "umfumbina ntombazane", ebhalwe ngo-1906, "isithelo sengadi ngombala" ka-1908. Umlobi wabona sengathi unendaba yakhe ekupekeni kwakuyinhlanganisela yobuhle bemvelo yendabuko ngokusondelene nethemba labantu.
Isithombe esilethwa ngudumo saseZinaida sasiyisithombe esibizwa ngokuthi "sendlu yangasese" esakhiwe ngu-1909. Yayiboniswa eVenice of the Union of Russian Artists ngabo-1910. Lapho-ke izilaleli zabona umsebenzi we- "shinimi", imidwebo yezihlobo ezabhala umculi. I-Dereitivity Serebryakov yathola ukuqashelwa ngo-1914-1917, ngemuva kokwethulwa kochungechunge lwemidwebo ngesifundazwe saseRussia kanye nempilo yabalimi. Phakathi kwemisebenzi edumile yalesi sikhathi - "Abalimi", "Ukuvuna" kanye "nokulala".
Ngo-1917, izilaleli zabona lo msebenzi obizwa ngokuthi "i-canvas whiting", lapho indlela enkulu yoMlobi yabonakala. UZinaida aveze izibalo ezinamandla zamantombazane ngokumelene nesizinda sezulu. Ukwakheka kuhlanganisa izindiza eziningi ze-shades ezikhanyayo, ezigcwele. Umsebenzi odlala umsebenzi wabantu abajwayelekile, uBerebrzwakov okhazinyulisiwe.
Izindikimba ezikhethwe ngumlobi ngomsebenzi wazabela kakhulu phakathi kwe- "World of Art" Community, eyayikaBereBryakov. Ngo-1916, waba umsizi kaMalume u-Alexander Benua ngomdwebo wesiteshi saseKazan wasebenza enkampanini e-Evgeny Lancer, uBoris Kustodeiv, uMstislav Dobuzhinsky.
Phakathi kwalabo ababenentshisekelo eZinaida, amazwe aseMpumalanga ayengokomqondo okhethekile owadlula kuyo imidwebo yabesifazane. Echaza iJapan, eTurkey, eNdiya, naye wasebenza neziza ezihambisana ne-antiquity. Kuliqiniso, imidwebo eminingi yesihloko sokugcina yahlala ingapheli. Owesifazane waqala ukubaluleka okukhulu emsebenzini we-serebryakova. Coquetry, injabulo yokukhulisa, ukudabuka okukhanyayo, okuchazwe ngebhulashi lakhe, kwakunesimo esikhethekile.
Isiphetho sobuciko sasinzima. Ngemuva komlilo owenzeka eNeskuchny, isidleke somndeni saphenduka sabhujiswa njengomhlangano wakhe wokusebenzela. Ngemuva kweminyaka lemibili, wasala umfelokazi emva kokufa koshade naye ku-typhus. Umndeni waphila ngesidingo esibi, nesithombe esithi "Ikhadihothi", esakhiwe ngalesi sikhathi, samenza sasebenza ubulukhuni besikhundla salo.
Indodakazi kaSerebryakova yangena e-Ballet Troupe, futhi kusukela lapho emisebenzini yowesifazane kwakukhona isihloko seshashalazi. Umculi wabhala i-ballerin ekuzijwayezeni nasekuhambeni esiteji, kodwa akazange athole ukwaneliseka emsebenzini wakhe. Kusukela ngo-1920, wafundisa e-Academy of ACTS. UZinaida wakugwema indlela yomkhankaso, ungene ku-ART ngalesi sikhathi, usele isihloko salo sangakwesokudla namasiko e-Miriskusnikov.
Ngo-1924, kwaqhutshwa umbukiso wokudumela e-United States, owaletha impumelelo yomculi nemali engenayo. Uthole umyalo wokuhlobisa umdwebo eParis. Ngemuva kokuphothula umsebenzi, kwakuzobuyela ezweni lakubo, kodwa ngenxa yokushaywa kwezepolitiki kwadingeka ukuhlala eFrance. Wabe eselandela impi yezwe yesibili. Impilo phesheya kwakunguZinaida ngenjabulo, ukulangazelela izwe kuboniswa emisebenzini yalo kudalwe ngemuva kuka-1924. Kwakufanele alahle isakhamuzi ukugwema ukushushiswa kwelinye izwe.
Iqiniso kanye nendabuko ye-Folk namanje kuhanjelwe imidwebo yakhe. Ukuhamba, uSerebrzwakova waya eBrittany, e-Algeria waze wavakashela iMorocco. Izithombe zabantu ezejwayelekile bezikhona njalo emidwebeni. Imvelo ye-skickning nendoda, umdwebi udabuke ngokudabukisayo ngezwe lakubo futhi waphazamisa ukuxhumana nabantu abathandekayo.
Ngo-1966, imibukiso yemidwebo uZinaida uSerebrzwakova babanjelwa eLeningrad, eMoscow naseKiev abathole izibuyekezo ezinhle kakhulu zezazi-mlando zobuciko kanye nomphakathi. Usuku lokuvula lwahlela izingane zakhe nabangane. Imidwebo eminingi yombhali yatholwa iminyuziyamu, futhi igama lakhe laduma eSoviet Union.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Indoda yalo mculi kwakuyindoda kaBoris Serebrzwaki eduze kwakhe kusukela ebuntwaneni. UZA nguZinaida nomzala, wayesathandana nesihlobo, futhi izingxoxo ngomshado eza ngesikhathi sokuhlala ngokuhlanganyela eNeskuchny. Ngakho-ke, isonto alizange likhuthazwe umshado oseduze, ngakho-ke, imvume yomshado wentsha ayitholanga isikhathi eside. Ngo-1905, enikeza ubaba wendawo ama-ruble angama-300, abomdabu bahlela umshado othandweni.
UBoris wayengenandaba nobuciko. Waba ngunjiniyela wesitimela futhi ngesikhathi seMpi yaseRussia - yaseJapan wayeseManchuria. Umdwebo we-Zinaida iphupho. Umehluko ezintshisakalweni awuzange uphazamise ukuze uphuphe ikusasa elihlangene. Impilo yomuntu siqu yentsha yayijabule. Bachitha unyaka eParis baze bafunda i-ZINAADA eDe La Grand Schomyer Academy, neBoris - esikoleni esiphakeme samabhuloho nemigwaqo. Ukubuyela ekhaya, ngamunye wabo waqhubeka ekhula kulo msebenzi, kwaqhamuka ezinye izingane ezine emndenini: 2 Amadodana namadodakazi angu-2.
Ngesikhathi sokufuduka kukaZinaida, indodana ka-Eugene nendodakazi kaThiana yahlala nogogo wakhe. Babephila ngokuqina, kwathi ngo-1933 uMama kaZinaida wafa ngenxa yendlala nezimo zokuphila ezimbi. U-Eugene waba ngumakhi wokwakha, futhi uTatiana waqala ukusebenza njengomculi enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi. Ukuphupha futhi ukuhlangana nonina, bambiza ngezwe lakubo ngawo-1930s, lapho uhulumeni wase-USSR umema umculi ukuthi abuyele ekhaya. Kepha uZinaida wabe esesebenza eBelgium futhi akakwazanga ukushiya i-oda elingashintshiwe.
Ukushona
UZinaida Serebryakov washona eParis lapho eneminyaka engama-82. Izimbangela zokufa zazingokwemvelo impela. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umdwebi wahlala phesheya iminyaka eminingi, ezweni lakubo, igama lakhe liyakhumbula futhi ligcine izinkumbulo zomsebenzi womunye wabesifazane bokuqala. Iminyuziyamu ngezikhathi ezithile ihlela imibukiso yemisebenzi yakhe, ezincwadini ezishicilelwe isithombe sombhali. Indodakazi kaSerebrzwakova, uCatherine, ngemuva kokufa kukamama wadala isisekelo segama lakhe.Imidwebo
- 1909 - "Endlini yangasese. I-Self-Portrait "
- 1913 - "Banya"
- Ngo-1914 - "Ngokudla kwasekuseni" ("kwasemini")
- 1915 - "Vuna"
- 1916 - "India"
- Ngo-1924 - "I-Ballet restroom"
- Ngo-1932 - "Moroccan ngengubo epinki"
- Ngo-1934 - "Owesifazane ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka"
- 1940 - "UNuda ngencwadi"
- Ngo-1948 - "Namanje impilo enama-apula nesinkwa esiyindilinga"