URalph Waldo Emerson - isithombe, i-biography, impilo yomuntu siqu, ukufa, izinkondlo, indatshana

I-Biograge

URalph Waldo Emerson ungumshumayeli waseMelika, isazi sefilosofi, imbongi nomlobi. Waba umsunguli we-INEOlogy entsha, wanikeza abalandeli bakhe i-sip entsha yobuciko.

Ubuntwana nentsha

URalph wazalelwa emndenini kaMpristi uWilliam nomlingani wakhe uRuth ngoMeyi 25, 1803 eBoston. Emndenini omkhulu, wayengomunye wamadramane amahlanu asindile, izingane ezintathu ezintathu zafa ebuntwaneni. Lapho umfana eneminyaka engu-8 ubudala, ubaba washona emdlavuza wesisu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unina no-anti wakhe bakhuliswa - udadewabo kaPapa ogama lakhe nguMariya Mudi. Ukuxhumana okusondele kuye kwagcinwa kuze kube sekufeni kukaMariya.

Ukufundela uRalph kwaqala esikoleni saseBoston ngo-1812, kwathi eminyakeni emi-5 kamuva, umfana wangena eHarvard. Ukukhokhela izifundo zabo, kwadingeka asebenze njengesikhonzi, ngoba umndeni ngemuva kokulahleka kukayise wayazi.

U-Emerson waqala ukuwohloka impilo yakhe eneminyaka engama-23 ubudala, futhi waya ukubheka isimo sezulu esifanele eningizimu yezwe. Wake waba eSt Augustine eFlorida, insizwa okokuqala ngqa e-biography yakhe yaqala ukubhala izinkondlo. Lapho, wahlangana neNapoleon's Nefavon ogama lakhe lingu-Achille Murat, owathonya intuthuko kanye nemfundo yaseRalph.

Ukudala

Ngo-1829, iSoston Church yammema ukuba akhonze njengomfundisi. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokushona kukankosikazi wokuqala, uRalph udumele ezinkolelweni ezingokwenkolo. Entwasahlobo yango-1837, u-Emerson Funda uchungechunge lwezinkulumo kwifilosofi ethempelini laseMasonic - kwakuwukuqala komsebenzi wakhe wokufundisa. Inzuzo yayingaphezu kwalokho ayekutholile, ngakho-ke owesilisa wanquma ukuthola izinkulumo ezakhe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, u-Emerson wathengisa wonke amaMelika, eCanada nengxenye yeYurophu.Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Umsebenzi wokuqala wemibhalo yincwadi ethi "Emvelweni", ebhalwe ngo-1836. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kuphela amakhophi angama-500 kuphela aphuma, waba yi-manifesto ye-transcendental - inhlangano yefilosofi. Isisekelo salolu hlelo ukubuyiselwa kwemali ekwakhiweni kwemvelo kanye nomzabalazo wokulwa nezwe lokufakelwa elenziwe umuntu.

Ngo-1840, isazi sefilosofi sathatha umhleli wamaphephabhuku we-transcendental the dial. Wayevame ukusiza ababhali abaqalayo futhi bashicilela umsebenzi wabo encwadini. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4, umagazini uyayeka ukusebenza. Kukhona isitatimende sama-horace grill izwe izwe elilahlekelwe yindlela yokuqala emlandweni wokudayela.

U-Emerson ubhale kabusha izinkulumo zakhe, wakha amaqoqo ezindatshana: "Izindatshana", "Ifilosofi Yokuziphatha" nabanye. Ekupheleni kuka-1874, iqoqo lamavesi avela kwi-bibliography yakhe, eyayihlanganisa imisebenzi yezinkondlo invocatbo, uJulia Carolina Dorr, uJean Ingleu, uLucy Langoma, uJones, nabanye.

Impilo yomuntu siqu

U-Emerson wahlangana nonkosikazi wokuqala u-Ellen Louise Tucker eConcord ngo-1827 wamshada lapho eneminyaka eyi-18. Le ntombazane yagula kakhulu ngesifo sofuba, umama kaRalph kwadingeka azithathe eBoston futhi anakekele u-Ellen. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2 yempilo yomndeni, umka-Emorson wafa. Umfelwa wabulawa usizi futhi wahlala wavakashela ethuneni lothandekayo wakhe.

Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Ngokushesha impilo yakhe yomuntu siqu seyithuthukile. Ebusika bango-1835, u-Emerson wabhala incwadi yeLydia Jackson enesicelo sesandla sakhe nezinhliziyo, waphendula wavuma. ULydia wayenobuhlakani futhi waziphatha ngobugqila kanye nelungelo labesifazane.

NgoSepthemba 14 wonyaka ofanayo, indoda ethile yashada uLidiya uJackson edolobheni lakubo ePlymouth futhi wathuthela endlini entsha eConcord, ethengiwe ngalo lapho kudalwa khona umndeni. Umlingani amnikeze izingane ezine - uWaldo, u-Ellen, u-Edith no-Edward Waldo Emerson. Indodakazi u-Ellen yaqanjwa ngegama lomkakhe lesazi sefilosofi, uLidiya wayisekela lesi sinqumo somyeni wakhe.

Ukushona

Kusukela ngo-1867, impilo ka-Emerson yaqala ukubanda, wabhala kakhulu kudayari yakhe. Entwasahlobo yango-1872, waqala izinkinga ngenkumbulo, futhi ngasekupheleni kweshumi leminyaka waqala ukukhohlwa igama lakhe.

Ngo-1879 kwakudingeka ukuyeka izinkulumo zomphakathi. Ngo-Ephreli 21, 1882 kwatholakala ukuthi une-pneumonia, okwakuyimbangela yokufa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-6 emva kwalokho. U-Emerson ungcwatshwe emathuneni alele eziyize, concord, Massachusetts.

Amacaphuna

• "Ukuphila, zithathe umkhuba wokwenza lokho okwesabayo. Uma wenza lokho owesabayo, kungenzeka ukuthi ukwesaba kwakho kufile. "
• "Ukubhema kukuvumela ukuthi ukholwe ukuthi wenza okuthile uma ungenzi lutho"
• "Wonke umuntu uyiqiniso ngokweqiniso naye; Ubuzenzisi buqala lapho omunye umuntu efakiwe egumbini
• "Ukuphela kwendlela yokuba nomngane ukuba yikho uqobo"

I-Bibliography

• "Mayelana nemvelo"
• "Ukuzimela"
• "Isinxephezelo"
• "I-OX-SOLL"
• "Imibuthano"
• "Imbongi"
• "Isipiliyoni"
• "Ipolitiki"
• "Usosayensi waseMelika"
• "I-New England Reformers"