Umlando Wemilingiswa
Umuntu ophethe umsebenzi wenoveli webhubesi uTolstoy "Impi Nokuthula" ngabantu. Ngamaqhawe, umlobi usakaza imicabango yakhe kanye nemibono yakhe, efuna ukudlulisa amaqiniso aphakade kumfundi, kwakhiwa ngayo ifilosofi yakhe. Isithombe sikaPlato Karataev savuka emsebenzini akusona ngengozi. Ezitatimendeni zeqhawe, ukuhlakanipha okumangalisayo okumenyezelwe ngumlobi kuphethwe.Umlando Wokudalwa Komlingiswa
UPlato Karatayev uyisosha laseRussia elivela embuthweni we-abshekhosi, uPierre Duhov achithe naye inyanga yokudingiswa. Iqhawe laqhubeka nenkumbulo yabaphathi umbono onamandla ngalesi sikhathi sempilo. UPlato uyisithombe esihlangene sendoda yaseRussia ekhombisa ifilosofi yabantu. UTolstoy wethula umlingiswa ube yizimo ezingejwayelekile, lapho ingokomoya lendoda libonakala khona. Igama leqhawe lisho "elinamandla, elinamandla", futhi ngakho-ke ubona umlobi wabantu baseRussia.
Isosha ligcwele uthando kwabanye, kungakhathalekile le mpi. Ngokungafani neTikhon Shcherbat, akathathi ulaka kumakhelwane futhi azisole abantu. UPlato akanendaba nenja engenakhaya. Amagama, usiza abantu bomphefumlo. Ukuzwelana kwakhe nokuthakazelela kwakhe kube umuthi. UPlato waba wukugxila kokuvumelana nokuzithoba kwentando yaphezulu. Uthembekile ezinhlamvwini zobuKristu futhi akahlanganyeli nokuphelelwa yithemba laseBezuKhov.
Iqhaza leqhawe emsebenzini lihle. Yize uPlato waba umlingiswa owayemanzi, uzoshona emphefumulweni wokuqaphela kukaPeerre ngenjongo yokuphila nokholo kuNkulunkulu.
Biography of Paton Karataev
Lo mlingisi uvela ezahlukweni eziningana zenoveli, kepha ushiya umbono ongafinyeleleki kusukela kwiqhawe eliyinhloko lomsebenzi. Ngibonga kuye, isiphetho sikaZuhov siyashintsha. Umfundi uhlangana noKarataev lapho iqhawe lisezimweni ezinzima zokuphila. Umlimi weminyaka engama-50. Ungowokuzalwa kwabalimi abalula abangafundile, ngakho-ke owesilisa akayazi unyaka wakhe oqondile. Ukuhlakanipha komlingiswa, imibono yakhe ngenjabulo, ukubukwa komhlaba kanye nesikhundla sokuphila kusekelwe kuphela okuhlangenwe nakho kweminyaka. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukhombisa ingqondo, ingqondo ephakeme yanoma yimuphi umthengisi.
Hlala ubhekene nobunzima nezinkinga, uPlato Karatayev unolwazi olukhulu kune-Pierre, futhi lokhu kunqoba lokho. Uhlala ezweni lase-Utopiya, welusa umusa nokuphefumula komunye eceleni kwakhe. Ukubukeka kwayo kunethembana, futhi ithemba limamatheka. Indoda ephansi ene-emamatheka elikhanyayo, ivumelana nezimo futhi icocekile, kungakhumbuli kahle.
Isimo seqhawe sihlanganiswa umlando wakhe. Eminyakeni emisha, cishe akukho lutho olwaziwayo, ngoba ukwakheka kweqhawe akunandaba nomlobi. UKarataev umelwe ngumuntu oqinile. Le ndoda yashada, yaba nendodakazi, kepha le ntombazane yafa lapho eya enkonzweni. Awekho amanye amaqiniso ngomndeni wakhe, yize kucaca ukuthi akazange avume. Ukubanjwa ngokungahleliwe ekunciphiseni ihlathi lomunye umuntu, uPlato wawela ezinhlakeni zamasosha futhi ubhekene nalokho okukude nasekhaya.
Iqhawe laziwa ngayo yonke imithi yempilo yabampofu, futhi iyabona okwenzekayo njengento engenakugwenywa. Ukukhuluma nokuthamba, ukulungele ukuhlanganyela nendaba ngayinye efundisayo. Enkulumweni yamadoda, akukho zinkondlo, ezingekho ezingxoxweni zamasosha. Ama-aphorisms ayo anethemba futhi libe yinhloko. I-Karataev iyahlabelela futhi ivela ukuba yinkosi yazo zonke izandla. Iqhawe elingenandaba nelinakekelayo lihlukaniswe ngokudla kukaPierre futhi linamathela entombazaneni: "Kwethembisa - Isikhulu."
Ngenxa yesimo esihle sengqondo kwabanye, abampofu bathola ulimi olujwayelekile. Akwaziwa ukuthi ngabe bekulokhu kungubunzima obunjalo noma obukhona yini kuthinte indawo yakhe yokugcina engokomoya. Mhlawumbe ukufa kwendodakazi noma ukuboshwa ejele kwaba ukuguqulwa kwaba yinguquko eyayivula amehlo akhe eqinisweni.
"Impi Nokuthula"
Umhlangano kaPlato Karataeva noPierre Baudsova kwenzeka ebhali iziboshwa. Ukuba yisimo esishaqisayo kusukela ekudutshulweni kwabantu, uLyukhov ulahlekelwa ukholo esintwini. E-barack, uPlato noPierre bahleli eduzane. Umlimi olula kanye ne-aristocrat ebezindlela efanayo uPlato wabona isimo esicindezelekile sePierre futhi sasekela i-aristocrat. Wabiwe amazambane abhakwe futhi wanikeza izeluleko ezazivame ukukhunjulwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
UKaratayev waqinisekisa igrafu ukuthi umgomo oyinhloko uhlala isifiso sokusinda futhi usinde. Le ndoda yafundisa iBezuhova, inikela ngokuphindukuzalwa kwangaphakathi kweqhawe. Isosha lathonya ushintsho lwamuntu siqu lukaPierre nsuku zonke ngawo wonke umthetho, igama elinomusa noma i-caresing yesikhashana, enikelwe yinja engenamakhaya.
Ezimweni ezimbi zokudingiselwa, impilo kaKarataev yathuthumela. Ngemuva kokuchitha isikhathi eside esibhedlela ngamandla amakhulu, indoda ayinaso isikhathi sokuyithola. Ekudingisweni, umzimba ubuthakathaka futhi ukugula kwabuya. Inganekwane ekwelapheni iziboshwa amaFrance awazange anake isimo sikaPlato. Owesilisa uLikinilo. AmaFulentshi adubule ngaphambi kokushiya ikamu.
Ukufa kweqhawe kwakucatshangelwa futhi kunesizathu: lapho ethonya ulwazi lomlingiswa ophambili, umlingisi wagcwalisa indawo yakhe futhi washiya izindaba ze-cannon Roman.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Isimo sikaPlato Karataeva kwesinye isikhathi siqhathaniswa nencazelo yesithombe se-schonx Jehovayon. Izinhlamvu zazinezici ezifanayo, kepha ziyehluka ngemicabango. I-Shcherbat ayikhombisanga ukuthi umphefumulo odumile, uKarataev odumile, ngakho-ke uzwela lomlobi ohlangothini lwamuva. I-Humanist Tolstoy, echaza umlando womlingiswa, isakaza izinkolelo zakhe ngaye.
- Impi yomlobi iyisifebe esibi, ukubonakaliswa konya futhi kungenamqondo. Ukushumayela uthando, ukholo kubantu, ekuziphatheni nasesihelweni, akazange athole impi yezaba. Imidwebo yokudweba yempi noBorodino, ukufa kwengane eshumini nambili ePetit nase-Andrei Bolkonsky, uTolstoy ubangela uzwela nozwela emiphefumulweni yabafundi. UPlato Karataev uyisithombe esibonisa ifilosofi kaTolstoy.
- "Impi nezwe" kuvame ukuba yisisekelo sezincwadi zamafilimu. Ezithombeni ezithule zikaPeter Chardynina 1913 no-1915, umlingiswa awekho. UJacob Protazanov akazange amnake ethepheni yakhe. UJohn Mills ubonise umlimi waseRussia ngohlaka luka-1956, wahlungwa yiNkosi uVido. UMikhail Brabrov udlale karataev ekupendweni kweSergei Bondarchuk ngo-1967. UHarry Lok ubonise iqhawe ochungechungeni lwethelevishini uJohn Davis ngo-1972, no-Andrei Gusev ehlanganisa iKarataeva eRunta Dornolgelm ngo-2007. I-Adrian Adrian Rull idlale umlimi ochungechungeni lwethelevishini ka-2016, i-Tom Harpler.
Amacaphuna
Emlonyeni kaPlato Karataeva Tolstoy wabeka ama-Promscake namazwi. Inkulumo yabesilisa isakaza abantu bokuhlakanipha abanamagama alula.
"Uhlushwa ihora, futhi uphile impilo yonke. Konke Kuphela ""Ukuvalelisa okunjalo kwanikeza isosha laseRussia, elinde isiphetho esihle kakhulu futhi sinethemba laphezulu. Wayekholelwa ngokweqiniso ukuthi labo abanolwazi ngabo banikezwa ngenhla ukuthi uNkulunkulu ngeke athumele okungaphezulu kukaPlato ozokwazi ukuthwala.
"Hhayi ingqondo yethu, kodwa yinkantolo kaNkulunkulu"- Wayekhuluma, akakhululwanga usizi nesiphithiphithi. Ithemba elidla lonke ngoZimu lalichaza umuntu ebubini nakubi.
UKaratayev waqonda ukuthi ngeke angezwe ekuhambeni nasekuphephekeni. Ziholela ekunciphiseni kuphela. Ungahlose ukuzisola, wasekela abanye:
"Kulesi sifo ukukhala - uNkulunkulu wokufa ngeke awunike."UKUKHOLWA KOKUGCINA KOKUGCINA KOKUPHAKATHI KWEMPILO, Iqhawe linikeze isivumelwano:
"Ngisuka eSumy ngisuka ejele, ngingenqabe."Ukuncishwa okuyinkimbinkimbi futhi okuphelele kwempilo yendawo yomphefumlo yeKarataev. Wasonga emzaneni lapho kwavuswa khona noma yiliphi ibhizinisi, nasemndenini. Intokozo yaqukethe kwayo kusuka kuma-trifles alula, futhi akazange abone amathemba aphezulu:
"Injabulo njengamanzi ethokozisayo: Donsela - inyuke, bese yelula - lutho"