I-Biograge
Kuze kube manje, abalandeli bangempela be-Circus Art ngothando kanye nokwethuka khumbula isithombe esidume umhlaba wonke se-penseli clown, silandelwa ngumculi onekhono uMikhail Nikolayevich Rumyantvev rumyantvev rumyantvev rumyantvev rumyantvev. I-satire engasabisi, ekhombisa izigcawu zempi yempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe futhi yaxoxa izindaba ezivela empilweni yendodana encane, yangena kwi-CriveClopedia yeSoviet Circus futhi yaba usizo lwamakhulu abaculi baseRussia nakwamanye amazwe.Ubuntwana nentsha
I-Biography of Clown yepensela, i-Mikhail Nikolayevich Rumyantve, yaqala eSt. Petersburg ngoDisemba 10, 1901. Ubuntwana bakhe baqhutshelwa embuthanweni womndeni, okuba nobaba, ukukhiya inkampani "ama-symmens kanye nama-galsk", kamuva kamuva aguqulwe abe amabhizinisi "u-Elektrosila", ama-junior mfowethu uNicholas no-Olena.
U-Idyll wephulwe ngokulahleka komzali, owashona ngemuva kokugula isikhathi eside washiya isahluko sendlu yokukhathalela ukwakheka nokukhulisa izingane ezincane. Ukungathandi ukuba ngumthwalo ophoqelelwe uMisha, uthweswe iziqu esikoleni esiphakeme, ukufaka izifundo zabaculi - izingcweti futhi ushiye izihlobo ngemuva kwe-1917 Revolution ngemuva kwe-1917.
Uma ufuna umsebenzi wensizwa, kusukela esemncane waphupha ngokuhamba, waya esifundeni esingumakhelwane saku-tver kwathi ngo-1922 wangena esikhundleni somqambi wethiyetha eliphakathi ne-Staritsa. Ngesikhathi sivakashela i-Troupe encane, abaculi baseRumyantvev benza imisebenzi yomsizi nethikithi kanye nopende opende wamaphosta anemibala nezincwajana, bese behlala ngemuva kweqembu, bese behlala eMoscow.
Ebusheni bakhe, uMikhail wayevame ukuvakashela ama-cinema futhi wake wangena emhlanganweni wokudala nabantu bezinye izizwe abadumile uDouglas Ferbenx noMariya Pickford. Kuleli phuzu kuqhubeke, i-biography yensizwa isishintshe ipholile, futhi wanquma ukuba ngumdwebi odumile.
Ngemuva kokuphothula izifundo zokuhamba kwesiteji, i-rumyantvev yangena esikoleni sobuciko besekisi nge- "Acrobat-Eccentric". I-Clown yesikhathi esizayo yayinenhlanhla noMark Uthisha uSolomonovich The Townshich, ekuqaleni kokuqapha umculi weqiniso ongenza umphakathi ngezinombolo ezikhanyayo ezikhanyayo.
Eminyakeni yokufunda, uMikhail wasebenza emasungo e-circus ezifundeni futhi ekuqaleni wavela phambi komphakathi ngaphandle kwe-firla futhi wafaka imvunulo kanye nendlela yokuziphatha yeCharlie Chaplin. Kuliqiniso, ekugcineni kwesikole samakhono okusebenza kanye namasekisi, le nsizwa yenqaba lo mfanekiso futhi yaqala ukufuna eyakhe, akekho ofana nomlingiswa ofanayo.
Ukusebenza kwesekisi
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1930, i-rumyantvev yaqala umsebenzi ozimele ozimele futhi yahlala eSmolensky Mobile Circus. I-Troupe yayiqukethe abaculi bohlobo oluhlukile, futhi le nsizwa yaqala ukwamukela okuhlangenwe nakho nokurekhoda ukubonwa kwidayari. Ngokusekelwe kulawa manothi, i-novice Clown yalungisa izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwayo futhi yazungeza ngezingoma, ukudansa kanye nezinombolo ze-acrobatic.Ukuqeqeshwa ekusebenzeni kwaqhubeka eCiplican Baku Baku, lapho uMikhail ayenjalo ngo-1932. Lapho-ke ukusesha okudala kwaholela umculi e-Arena Kazan kanye neVolgograd yamanje, kodwa umphefumulo wamdonsela ezweni lakubo, eLeningrad. Kwakukhona lapho, ezindongeni zesekisi, eyakhiwe ngemizamo yomqeqeshi omkhulu wase-Italiya uGaetano Chinaiselly, esiteji okokuqala ngqa ibhulukwe le-clown livele, ligqoke amabhulukwe angajwayelekile nezinsimu ezingajwayelekile ezinamasimu angajwayelekile.
I-Intermediates, ilungiselelwe ngokucophelela phakathi neminyaka yokusesha kokudala, izinyembezi zixutshwe phezulu nakwabanye abaculi futhi, okuphambene nalokho okulindelwe, kwaletha umlingisi imali ehle kakhulu. Ngo-1935, i-clown yathuthela e-moscow circus ku-boulevard yombala yasheshe yanqoba inhliziyo yomphakathi wedolobha elikhulukazi.
Kodwa-ke, umculi ngokwakhe wayenganele ngokuthile, futhi waqala ukucabanga ngomlingani omuhle kakhulu. Njengoba bekungekho nto enjalo phakathi kwabantu, ipensela babenomqondo wokusebenzisa i-intermeniya ngenja yedwala, kepha phakathi kwezilwane ezitholakalayo abatholanga kahle ngosayizi, ukupenda nokubukeka. Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi i-rumyantvev ehlekisayo kangakanani ekwandeni kwabangu-142 cm ibizobukeka ingemuva leBarbos, ababenjengoMembernar noma umalusi waseJalimane.
Ukuseshwa kwaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho i-clown yethula umgibeli omncane omnyama ogama lakhe lingubani, owayebukeka njengenkimbinkimbi yangempela eyinki. Umngani onemilenze emine waqamba kabusha ngokushesha futhi wahanjiswa emphakathini.
Ngokuvamile, ipensela yayinezilwane eziningana eziqeqeshelwe ukubamba iqhaza ekuphindisweni okuthize. Akunandaba ukuthi igama lesidlaliso, "umculi" omncane owayenawo ngokwamadokhumenti, wayehlala njalo inja enhle futhi ehlekisayo kllax.
Ngesikhathi sempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe, umlingani weShaggy wadlala indima yabaholi benhlangano yamaFascist kanye ne-ledal evuthayo evela kumamakrofoni kuHitler, eGering naseGoebbels. Ngesikhathi sombukiso walezi zinombolo, ipensela yabona ukuthi umphakathi uthanda i-satire yezepolitiki ebukhali, nakumsebenzi olandelayo owuthandayo ngqo lolu hlobo.
Eminyakeni yangemva kwempi, uClook wadlala izigcawu eziningi kusukela ekuphileni kwezakhamizi zaseSoviet, kepha akakaze awele umngcele wazo, avumele izilaleli zicabange ngokuqukethwe futhi zizophuma zizosungulwa umbuso.
Isibonelo esikhanyayo sendlela enjalo kwakuyinombolo enikezelwe ekushodani lapho uClown ahamba buthule eManeja ngesikhwama se-mesh, egcwele imikhiqizo engavamile, kanye ne-Intermeria ngokucekelwa phansi kwesithombe kanye nokwehluleka ukuwubuyisela. Izimo ezinjalo kamuva zaba yikhadi lokuvakasha lokuqamba kokuqala kwe-comic duet Mikhail Shuydina noYuri Nikulina, ngonyaka we-1940-1950 walowo ofundelana nabalingani bepenseli kanye nama-blots.
Sekukonke, uMikhail rumyantvev wachitha iminyaka engama-55 eMandege nakulesi sikhathi ngemibono ngokuhlanganyela kwakhe kwaqoqwa njalo ngama-achlags. Okokugcina lapho umphakathi ubone i-clown yakhe ethandekayo ngo-1983, kwathi lapho amasonto ama-2 ehlala ngaphambi kokuba afe. Manje izinkulumo zepensela zingabonakala emjikelezweni wohlelo "I-Clown" kanye namafilimu abhalwe ngobuciko "ekhonsathi", "lokhu kukhulu kakhulu ..." nabanye.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, embuthanweni wabaculi, kwakungeyona ngokwentando yokukhangisa impilo yomuntu siqu, eyaziwa kancane ngonkosikazi nezingane zepensela. Emshadweni ongumsizi we-Circus uTamara Semenovna, igama lentombazana elingashiwo noma kuphi, uMikhail Nikoleyevich waphila isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka engama-50, futhi ngalesi sikhathi umlingani waba ngabazali ngendodakazi kaNatalia nogogo nomkhulu wabazukulu be U-Ovené.
Njengozakwethu nakubantu abanomqondo ofanayo, uMikhail noTamara bake babhekana nempi ndawonye, base bekhumbula isiqephu ngokuhleka, njengoba i-clown ibingavunyelwe esitimeleni ngenja, futhi kwadingeka ukuthi ifike ku-OMSK ekuthuthweni kwenja. futhi ngezinyawo.
Ukuphela kwenkinga ebudlelwaneni kwakuwuthando lwepensela ukuze utshwala obusezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu. Ekamelweni lakhe lokugqoka kwakukhona i-cache ekhethekile, lapho afihle khona kumkakhe uVodka noma ibhodlela le-brandy ebizayo ebishibhile. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, umdwebi wayenesibopho sokusebenza futhi akakaze aphuze ngaphambi kokufika kwi-playpen.
Esinye isici sikaNikaila Nikolayevich Nikoleyevich, engxenyeni ethile ebonakala ejabule futhi engakhathali, babenesidingo sokunye nokugcina isikhathi esimangalisayo. Ukuba ngumdwebi okhazinyulisiwe futhi onegunya, ipensela yabikela ozakwabo ngokufika sekwephuzile lapho sekuphuze khona lapho kufika khona lapho othile eqala ukuphikisana naye.
Ozakwabo bakhumbula lokho, bathandwa, ipensela ligcine ukuthobeka kwemvelo futhi libhekele phambili ukuthi akukho gama lakhe noma isithombe esingeke sivele kumaphosta wesekethe. Futhi ngolunye usuku, lapho ixazululwa egumbini lokunethezeka, nabanye abaculi ehostela, iClown bafunda abahleli, base benqaba ukuya ePlaypen.
UMikhail Nikolayevich ojwayelekile nowaziwayo u-Nikolayevich utshele kaningi ngalezi zimo namanye amacala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindaba ezivela empilweni ye-Great Clown zaboniswa kwifilimu edokhumenti futhi zangena encwadini ye-biographical of Art Ofbian Natalia Rumyantvevaya ".
Ukushona
Naphezu kokuguga, ipensela yahlukaniswa ngempilo eqinile, ivunyelwe ukuhlala kulo msebenzi kuze kube izinsuku zokugcina iya ePlaypen. Kuliqiniso, ngawo-1960, i-Clown kwadingeka ilahle izinombolo ezihlobene nengozi yempilo, futhi idedele amaqhinga entanjeni nangaphansi kwe-polipus dome.Uma ubheka umdwebi ogayiwe, izilaleli zazicabanga ukuthi ipensela izojabula ngisho nokujabula ngokwanele kwazo okuhlangenwe nakho. Ngeshwa, i-rumyantvev yaphenduka hhayi yaphakade, kwathi ngoMashi 31, 1983 umhlaba wokudala wanyakazisa izindaba ngokufa kwakhe okuzinzile. Imbangela yokufa kwe-clown ethandekayo yezwe lonke kwakungu-pneumonia, yathuthukiswa ngemuva kwe-hypothermia kanye nokubanda kwebhanali.
Kuze kube manje, ithuna likaMikhail Nikoleyevich, elisesigcawini se-Intsevsky samathuna, abalandeli baletha izimbali, bese bebuyela ekhaya babuyekeze amafreyimu okusebenza okuthandayo.
Ozakwabo baphinde banikeze inkokhiso yepensela nomngane wakhe othembekile - ama-klyaks enja, abeka izikhumbuzo e-Effemov Street eMoscow naphambi kombuso wombuso we-Gomel.
Izics
- Ngo-1938 - "New Moscow"
- 1939 - "Intombazane enomlingiswa"
- Ngo-1939 - "Umklomelo Ophakeme"
- 1941 - "Umdobi Ovusekelo"
- 1942 - "Ikhonsathi ngaphambili"
- Ngo-1944 - "U-Ivan Nikulin uyitilongo laseRussia"
- 1948 - "Ipensela eqhweni"
- 1955 - "Ipensela Ezethembayo"
- Ngo-1964 - "Qoqa iVenus"
- Ngo-1966 - "Kuyabucayi kakhulu ..."
- Ngo-1967 - "Usuku lwe-Circus lwe-VDNH"
- Ngo-1969 - "Amamatheke amabili" (i-Novella "Freaks")
- 1983 - "Circus wobuntwaneni bethu"
- Ngo-1969 - "Parade Alla"