I-Biograge
I-Mathematics Genius, eyayikwazi ukuphana ngemuva kokulwa kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala ne-Schizophrenia, ibuyela emsebenzini wesayensi futhi ithole umklomelo kaNobel. Enye yezibalo ezihlonishwa kakhulu futhi ezinethalente futhi ezinethalente, i-binobestser yayo "imidlalo" ye-kinobestseller "ngama-oscars.
UJohn Forbes Nash ungumuntu oqinile onengqondo eyindida. Ucwaningo lwayo lwesayensi emkhakheni we-geometry ehlukile kanye nomqondo wegeyimu uyaziswa emhlabeni wonke. Ukwazile ukukhipha izifundo ngisho nasesifweni sakhe esiyimfihlakalo, usho ukuthi "ubudlelwano phakathi kobuqambi bokucabanga nokungahambi kahle kukhona." Futhi ngokudabukisayo kufingqwa:
"Ingqondo yomsindo ibeka umkhawulo wokulethwa kososayensi ngokuxhumana kwakhe nesikhala."Ubuntwana nentsha
Ubuhlakani beMathematics neziphetho ezimangazayo edolobheni laseBlofield, esifundazweni saseNtshonalanga Virtunia, ehlobo lika-1928. Ngesibonakaliso se-zodiac twin. UJohn wakhuliswa wasukuma emndenini wamaProthestani, lapho kwabuswa khona isimo somoya kanye namasiko enkolo.Usosayensi wesikhathi esizayo enegama lomhlaba wafundwa maphakathi, futhi izibalo ezineminyaka eyi-14 ubudala wenza ukuba zihlwanyele: esikoleni, isifundo safundiswa isidina. Abazali bangunjiniyela osebenza ngogesi nothisha wesiNgisi - bacasulwa ukuntuleka kwe-Dfframpelity kanye nenhloso yendodana. Kepha bekungenjalo impela. I-nash rophod young young funda futhi, yavala egumbini lakhe, yahlola izivivinyo zamakhemikhali.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-14 ezandleni zikaJohn Forbes Nash, omncane wakhalela umsebenzi othakazelisayo u-Erik Temple Bella "Mathematics ezinkulu", ukufundwa kwayo kwavula isasasa lesayensi elinembile. Yayithathwa kakhulu ukubalwa kwezibalo ezamangaza othisha, kube lula ukuhlinzeka nge-Theorem encane yasepulazini. Kepha emakilasini ezikoleni eziphakeme, ikusasa leNobel Laureate alikaze linqume kulo msebenzi.
Isayensi
Kwethalente elivulekile lezibalo, le nsizwa yanikezwa umfundaze wokuqeqesha eyunivesithi. Ngemuva kokuphothula esikoleni, wangena esikhungweni seCarnegie Polytechnic Institute, lapho ekuqaleni wafundela khona amakhemikhali. Ngokushesha ukuqaphela ukuthi isithakazelo endabeni sasihambile, sibhalisele umnotho wamazwe aphesheya. Kepha lapha angizange ngihlale kudala, ngiqiniseke ukuthi izibalo zazisekhaya phakathi kwesayensi.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoNgo-1948, izolo, umfundi washiya odongeni lwesikhungo ngamadiploma amabili esandleni sakhe - iBachelor nenkosi. Kepha isithakazelo sokufunda okwengeziwe asinyamalalanga: UJohn waya eyunivesithi yasePrinceton eyunivesithi eNew Jersey. Incwadi encomayo evela kuthisha kaRichard Duffhin, abathole iziqu eneminyaka engama-3, babenamagama amathathu "yena ubuhlakani be mathematics".
UNash akazange afake othisha kanye nalabo afunda nabo ekilasini labo ekilasini: Kukholelwa ukuthi ukufunda okuhlangene kunciphisa ukwahlukana kwalo njengomcwaningi. EPrinceton, umuntu wesilisa uqale wezwa ngeNeiman ehlelwe kanye ne-Morong Sherserther Mathematics, ebizwa ngokuthi "Theory theory". Le ndlela yashaya umcabango weNash eneminyaka engama-20 futhi yathonya enye i-biofist yesayensi. Wadala imfundiso, eyayisetshenziswa kabanzi emnothweni.
Ku-21, isazi sezibalo esincane esinokhazile esivikela i-thesis yakhe, izinhlinzeko eziphambili zazo ezizobizwa ngokuthi "ukulingana kuka-Nesha". Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-44, lo msebenzi wathuthukiswa futhi wenza u-Nobel Laureate wesayensi kaNobel. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10, uJohn Nash wenza i-fertur kwisayensi, ibeka i-4 isebenza kumdlalo ongabasebenzi.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1950, isazi sezibalo esizinze eMassachusetts Institute of Technology, lapho washeshe wahlonipha khona ozakwabo kanye nokuhlolwa okuphezulu kwezwe lesayensi. Kepha maphakathi nawo-1950, uNash waqala izinkinga nge-psyche. Phambilini wayekade ehamba abantu be-eccentric nabantu. Emiqoka, lapho asebenza khona, kwakunzima ukuhlangana nozakwabo. Usosayensi ohlukile futhi okhukhumezayo wavalwa ngokwakhe.
Ubuyele emphakathini wezesayensi futhi wasebenza eminyakeni engama-30 kuphela kamuva, ehlangana nokugula kwakhe futhi azile esimweni esindayo.
Ngo-66, ngo-1994, i-American Mathematian yathola umklomelo kaNobel. Kepha abavumanga inkulumo yendabuko ye-laureate eStockholm University, besaba impilo entekenteke yososayensi. Esikhundleni salokho, uNash wavunyelwa izilaleli ze-University yaseSweden endala - i-Upppsalsky, lapho uJohn Forbes enza inkulumo e-cosmology.
Ngo-2001, uLuureate weNobel wabuyela ehhovisi lakhe ePrinceton University, lapho aphupha khona ngezibalo zakhe ezithandekayo futhi.
Ngo-2008, "ama-schizophrenic" aqhakazile ", njengoba uNesha abiza ngamehlo, abona futhi ezwa eRussia. Engqungqutheleni yamazwe omhlaba, ebanjelwe ezindongeni ze-University of St. Petersburg, wenza inkulumo ngemali ekahle ne-asymptotic.
Futhi ngo-2015, usosayensi waba ngowokuqala emhlabeni, futhi noNobel, kanti ama-Abelian Awards ayesebhange eline ezintabeni ukuze afake isandla ebhange lakhe kwisayensi. I-nash yokugcina yethulwe ngokuthuthukiswa komqondo wezibalo ezihlukile ze-nonlinear.
Imisebenzi yezibalo ngobuhlakani iyafunda emhlabeni wonke. Izincwadi zakhe ziyimisebenzi eyisisekelo "Inkinga yokuhweba" kanye ne "Neooperative Games" - Ideskithophu Yezibalo kanye nezomnotho zaseMelika, eYurophu nase-Asia. Kusukela ngo-1970s, i-John Nash Game theory yamukelwa njengesisekelo somnotho wokuhlola. Futhi izingcaphuno zinjengokuhlakanipha njengesizinda.
Ukusuka kwimpumelelo yesayensi ye-Genius yomcabango wezibalo, ezimbili zazibaluleke kakhulu: umbono wemidlalo, esetshenziswa kabanzi emnothweni, i-formula yezepolitiki kanye nefomula yezenhlalo, okulandelayo, ababambiqhaza bazolahlekelwa uma omunye wabo ushintsho isinqumo.
Ukufuna kwe-Biographic kweqiniso kanye nomzabalazo omkhulu weNobel Laureate nalesi sifo wabhala intatheli uSilvia Nazar. Incwadi yakhe yavikelwa ngumqondisi weHollywood uRon Howard, owabiza i-movie "imidlalo yengqondo". UNash kwifilimu udlale uRussell Crow.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ukuhlangenwe nakho kokuqala kobuhlobo bothando, okwenzeka kuNash ebusheni bakhe, kwakumunyu. Umhlengikazi oneminyaka engu-30 uLeonor Styra wakhulelwa kusukela kuJohn oneminyaka engama-25. Kepha uNash, esefunde ngokuvela kwale ngane ngokushesha, wenqaba ukumnika igama lakhe futhi wathi lona wesifazane ngeke alinde ukusekelwa kwezezimali, noma ukugcinwa kwengane.Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoIzibulo - indodana uJohn David - lavela ngo-1953. Igama lokugcina Umama wanikela ingane yakhe - uStyy. Ubuntwana bomfana budlulile endaweni yokukhosela, ngoba uLeonor waphoqeleka kakhulu ngezindlela.
Phinda uzame ukusungula impilo yomuntu siqu yaphenduka iphumelela kakhudlwana. Ngo-1957, izibalo zishade nomfundi we-physics waseSalvador Alicia Lard. Ngemuva kweminyaka lemibili, le ndodana yazalwa, yanikezwa uJohn Charles Martin. Kulezi zingane ezimbili kuphela wathola igama lokugcina likaYise. Inzalo yesibili yangena ezinyathelweni zabazali - ososayensi ngokukhetha izibalo kuyo yonke isayensi.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoKodwa-ke, indodana enomthethweni yobuhlakani bezibalo abanayo ubuntwana obujabulisayo. Ngenxa yesifo esiveziwe somuntu, akazange anikezwe igama - lo mfazi walindela ukubuya komyeni wakhe esibhedlela sezengqondo. Lapho ummeli ekhishwa, abashadikazi bashiye eYurophu, beshiya indodana encane nogogo.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1961, u-Alicia ophelelwe ngamandla wahlukana nomyeni wakhe, ngaphandle kokuba nezinkinga. Indodana yaziphakamisa. Ngeshwa, isifo sikababa sadluliswa kuye. Ngawo-1970, owesifazane, wahlushwa ukuzisola futhi wabheka ukuthi wakhaphela umyeni ogulayo, wabuyela kuJohane. Okuningi abakaze bahlukane.
Isifo nokufa
Ngokokuqala ngqa, lesi sifo sizimemezele lapho izibalo ziphenduka 30. Odokotela babeka ukuxilongwa okudumazayo - i-paranoid schizophrenia. Unkosikazi wafihla isikhathi esithile kwabangane kanye nenhlekelele yomndeni ejwayelekile, bezama ukusindisa umsebenzi womlingani, kodwa ukugula kwathuthuka, futhi kwadingeka ukuthi baphoqelele uJohn emtholampilo wangasese weBoston. ENash yango-1959, eyabizwa ngokuthi yinkanyezi ekhuphukayo yeMathematics, yalahlekelwa ngumsebenzi wayo.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoNgemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-50 zokwelashwa okuphoqelekile futhi ziphume emtholampilo, abashadikazi bashiya izwe. UJohn Nash wazama ukuthola isimo sababaleki sezepolitiki eYurophu, kodwa abaphathi base-US bathole ukuxoshwa kwakhe ezweni lakubo. EMelika, lesi sifo sazibonakalisa ngamandla amasha. Usosayensi wahlushwa ukwesaba kanye nokwesaba okuzwakalayo, wambiza ngokuthi abazana kanye nozakwabo, isikhathi esicasulayo ukukhuluma ngepolitiki nezokufunda.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1960, isazi sezibalo sadlula enkambweni yokwelashwa, kodwa kwakungekho mphumela. Ozakwabo bakhokhe izikhathi zeNash kudokotela wezifo zengqondo, futhi wakhipha isiguli. Ukuthuthuka kwesikhashana kwathathelwa indawo kabusha lapho uJohn eyeka ukuthatha amaphilisi, wesaba ukulimaza umsebenzi wezengqondo.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoUkuthuthuka okubonakalayo kulabo ozakwabo abanohlobo olubunjiwe ngeminyaka yama-1980. Usosayensi wakwazi ukunqoba izimpawu futhi wabuyela emsebenzini. Kamuva wabhala:
"Ngicabanga, uma ufisa ukuqeda ukugula kwengqondo, kufanele, akekho onethemba, uzitholele inhloso enkulu. Ama-Psychiatristrists afuna ukuhlala ebhizinisini. "I-Mathematics ifile entwasahlobo ka-2015 eneminyaka engama-86. Imbangela yokufa kwakhe nomkakhe u-Alicia waba yingozi yemoto, lapho abashade nabo bangena eNew Jersey. Bahamba ngetekisi ngaphandle kokubopha amabhande esihlalo. Lapho ukushayisana kwenzeka ephuma emotweni. Odokotela bashiye ekushoneni kokubulala.