I-Biograge
Umcwaningi waseSwitzerland kanye noPhilosopher Piaget uJean Piaget wahlala iminyaka engu-84, engu-73 ekhohliwe kwisayensi. I-Bibliography yakhe inezincwadi ezingaphezu kuka-60 namakhulu ezindatshana, iningi lazo lizinikele ekuhlakanipheni nasezengqondo kwezingane, ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo kwalo. Enqubweni yocwaningo, i-piaget yaletha igama elithi eloocentrism futhi yadala indlela yengxoxo yezomtholampilo.Ubuntwana nentsha
UJean William Fritz Piaget wazalwa ngo-Agasti 9, 1896 eNeuzhetel, isifunda esikhuluma isiFulentshi saseSwitzerland. Uyizibulo likaprofesa wezincwadi zakudala u-Arthur Piaget, ngokusho kobuzwe beSwitzerland, neFrench Rebecca Jackson.
Piaget ekuqaleni kwenziwa ngekhono lokufunda, umfana awuzange athathe izinganekwane noma amanoveli ngama-knights, kodwa ezincwadini zebhayoloji. Intshisakalo yakhe e-zooology yaphumela ezihlokweni eziningana mayelana nemvelo ye-mollusks. Owokuqala wadedelwa eneminyaka eyi-11. Kakade yiminyaka engu-15, iPiaget yezwe uchwepheshe onolwazi eMalacology.
Eminyakeni yabafundi, uPiaget waba nesithakazelo e-Epistemology - isayensi olwazini, isakhiwo sayo nentuthuko. Imibono kule ndawo, ithalente elincane liye lakhula ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa emanyuvesi aseNunccer nakwaZurich. Ukhulule umsebenzi wamafilosofi amabili, ngokwakhe aphikisana naye, ebiza "eBoorish".
Incwadi ehlukene yengqondo
Njengoba usuthole idiploma kadokotela wefilosofi eNeuchatel ngo-1918, uPiaget wathuthela eFrance. Lona ngumcimbi wokuguqula umcwaningi womcwaningi, kusukela lapha, esikoleni kwabafana bakaGrange-Aux-Belets Street, isazi sezengqondo saqala ukubona izici zokucabanga kwengane.Uthishanhloko wesikole kwakungu-Alfred Bina, omunye wabasebenzi bokuhlola kwe-IQ. Ihlola izimpendulo ndawonye noBina, i-Piaget yaphawula ukuthi abafundi beqembu elincane abaphenduli imibuzo engabangeli ubunzima abavela kubafana asebekhulile, yize imishini yemisebenzi ifana nabanye. Ngakho-ke uPiaget wabona ukuthi izinqubo zengqondo zezingane ziyahlukahluka ngezinqubo zabantu abadala. Lo mbono manje usaziwa nge-psychology njengomqondo wokuthuthuka kwengqondo.
Ekugcineni iPeage-Filosopher yagcina yaphendukela kwezengqondo ngo-1922, lapho eba umqondisi we-Academy of Geneva. Eminyakeni engama-58 elandelayo wafunda isigaba sezenhlalo, esiphilayo nesinengqondo sokuthuthuka kobuhlakani nokucabanga kwezingane.
UPiaget wayekholelwa ukuthi ingane izokwazi umhlaba ngezigaba ezi-3. Owokuqala, kusukela azalwa kuye kwaba neminyaka engu-2 ubudala, - e-Elocentrism, okungukuthi, "ngingumhlaba wonke." Okwesibili, kusukela ngo-2 kuye kwayi-11 ubudala, - aninism, okungukuthi, "ngiyaphila, futhi konke kuhlala ngikhona kimi." Okwesithathu, ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-11, ukufakwa kwezinto zokufakelwa, lapho ingane ihlukanisa izithombe kanye nokwenyanyisa.
Lezi zigaba zePiaget zaletha indlela yengxoxo yezempilo: Waqala ingxoxo nombuzo ojwayelekile, bese ngokuya ngempendulo yengane ngokuzithandela. Engxoxweni, umcwaningi wasebenzisa ama-props: izithombe, izinto ngisho nabantu.
Kusukela ngizalelwa iminyaka engu-2 ubudala, ingane iyazibona maphakathi nezwe, iqondiswa umgomo wokuthi "ngenza engikufunayo." Akazi ukuthi uzibeka kanjani endaweni yomunye. Ukusuka eminyakeni emi-2-3 kukhona ukuhlanganiswa komgomo "ngenza engikufunayo" ngomgomo "ngenza engifanele". Indima enkulu kulokhu idlalwa ngabantu abadala, abathi, kusukela lapho umbono wengane, umphoqelela noma esinye isenzo, ngokwesibonelo, funda ukuhamba noma ukukhuluma.
Njengomthetho, kuze kube yilapho eneminyaka eyi-11-12 ubudala, ingane ayazi ukuthi ingemukele kanjani umbono womunye umuntu. Imizamo yokumgqugquzela umqondo wawo we-Egcentric womhlaba jika ukuxabana. Ngemuva kwalokho ingane ingena esigabeni sokubona kwenhloso yomhlaba. Kwakheka kuze kube sekufeni. Izinhlobo zengqondo ze-Piaget ze-Piaget zokuziphatha kwezingane zeminyaka ehlukene zihambelana namamodeli wezengqondo, amalimi kanye nezengqondo.
Ithiyori kaJean Piaget inselele ibhubesi vygotsky. Umcwaningi waseRussia waphikisana nokuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwezingane kuncike endaweni ezungezile yezenhlalo, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukulingana konke. Abanye abacabangi be-vinyl yaseSwitzerland ngeqiniso lokuthi akazange acabangele ukuhlukaniswa kwakhe okunjalo okunjalo njengejubane lokucubungula imininingwane nememori. Ngemuva kwakho konke, bachaza nokuthi kungani abanye abantu bethuthuka ngokushesha kunabanye.
Ngaphandle kokugxekwa, iPiaget yanikela ngokubaluleka kwesayensi. Umbono wakhe wokuthuthuka kwengqondo manje usetshenziswa ezifundweni ezihlokweni zePrimatology, ubuhlakani bokufakelwa, ukuziphendukela kwengqondo, ubuchwepheshe bezingane, ifilosofi, njll.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1923, uValentin Shatenau waba ngumkakhe uJean Piaget. Babenezingane ezintathu ezaba udokotela wezengqondo.
Abalingani bebengakuthinti impilo yomuntu siqu yabalingani, uValentine wabuka ukuvuleka komyeni wakhe, ngoba wayengumfundi wakhe kanye nokulandelana kwethiyori yokukhulisa ukuqonda.
Ukushona
UJean Piaget ushone ngoSepthemba 16, 1980. Imbangela yokufa imvelo: isazi sezengqondo sahlangana nosuku lokuzalwa lwe-84. Ukuvutha emathuneni amakhosi eGeneva, ngokwentando kamufi, ethuneni lomndeni elingashiwongo.I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1923 - "Ulimi kanye nomcabango wengane"
- Ngo-1928 - "Umqondo wezwe lengane"
- 1932 - "Isahlulelo esimilo ngengane"
- Ngo-1950 - "Ukuqonda Psychology"
- 1952 - "Imvelaphi Yobuhlakani Enganeni"
- 1954 - "Ukuvela kwangempela kwengane"
- 1958 - "Ukuthuthukiswa kokucabanga okunengqondo: kusukela ebuntwaneni kuya ebusheni"
- 1962 - "Imidlalo, amaphupho nokulingisa ebuntwaneni"
- Ngo-1962 - "I-Psychology Yezingane"