I-Biograge
U-Aris merdock ubizwa ngokuthi omunye wababhali abaseBrithani abakhulu kakhulu bekhulu lama-20. Ifa lakhe lifaka imisebenzi engama-26 ehehayo engakabi esinye isizukulwane sababhuki. Owesifazane onethalente wanikela ngezincwadi zonke impilo, yize bekukhona ubunzima obuningi esiphelweni sakhe.Ubuntwana nentsha
I-Biography kaJin u-Iris Merrock yaqala ngoJulayi 15, 1919 enhloko-dolobha yase-Ireland - Dublin. Ubaba wakhe wayengumshayeli we-carvalurist eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala, kwathi kamuva wabhalisa ku-Civil Service. Umama ntombazane wayengumculi we-opera. Intsha yaqala yahlangana eDublin, kwathi ngo-1918 izibopha emshadweni. Ngemuva konyaka, kwavela indodakazi emndenini.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoNgo-1920, u-Iris, kanye nabazali bakhe, wathuthela eLondon. Kusenhlokodolobha yaseNgilandi ukuthi umlobi wabanjelwa izingane. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izinkinga zendabuko e-Ireland zihlala zilimaza umfazi ngokuphila, akazange aphambukise emvelaphi yakhe. Engxoxweni, umbhali washo ukuthi ubuntwana bakhe bajabule, futhi ukuhlangana kwakhe nabazali bakhe bakubiza ngokuthi "uZiqu-zintathu Uthando Oluphelele."
I-MERREROROP ethweswe iziqu esikoleni esizimele eRoChempon, ngemuva kwalokho wangena esikoleni ngamantombazane eBristol. Ngo-1938, waba ngumfundi weSomville College, owayengu-University of Oxford. Ekuqaleni, le ntombazane yafunda phakathi nesiNgisi, kamuva yaqala ukutadisha izincwadi zakudala neziseBrithani. Ngo-1942 wathola iDiploma ye-Prequep ye-1, ethweswe iziqu ekolishi ngokuphelele.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoQhubeka nemfundo iris yehlulekile ngenxa yokuqala kwempi. Ngemuva kokufunda, waya emsebenzini enkonzweni yezezimali, kwathi ngo-1944 wathuthela e-UN eya eposini, lapho kwasungulwa khona iminyaka emi-2. Ngo-1947, le ntombazane yangena kumfundi weNewgraduate College yaseNewNem College e-University of Cambridge, iqala ukufunda ifilosofi.
Ebusheni bakwaMerock, uthisha wothisha wefilosofi ekolishi laseSaint Anne e-Oxford University. Lo msebenzi wawunikelwe iminyaka eyi-15 yokuphila kwakhe. I-Oxford yaba indawo ebengihlandeni yakhe: Kwakulapha lapho izehlakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu e-biography zenzeka.
Izincwadi
Ukubhala umsebenzi we-Merrock kwaqala sekwephuzile. Inoveli yakhe yokudabuka, enesihloko esithi "Ngaphansi Kwenethiwekhi", yanyatheliswa ngo-1954. Kowesifazane, izindaba ezibhaliwe ekuqaleni kwaba umsebenzi wama-amateur. Waqamba ukukhishwa okusemthethweni kwencwadi yakhe, kodwa imizamo yokuqala yemibhalo ngaphambi kwalokho ayiboniswanga ngumphakathi omkhulu.Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoAbagxeki bamukele "ngaphansi kwenethiwekhi" ngendlela ehlukile ngokuphelele: Omunye uhloniphe, futhi othile anqatshelwe ngokwesigaba inhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yamasiko enoveli nefilosofi. Esikhathini esizayo, le ncwadi yangena ohlwini lwamanoveli "angama-100 akhuluma isiNgisi angenakuqhathaniswa azo zonke izikhathi" ngokusho umagazini wesikhathi. Umsebenzi wokudonswa kwemali e-Iris waba nguyena kuphela wawo wonke ama-bibliography nawo umbuso wobukhosi wohlobo oluhlekisayo.
Ukuthatha isinqumo sokuzibandakanya kwabasebenzi bemibhalo kahle, uMerock waqala ukwenza ngempumelelo futhi ngokuzethemba. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-2 nje ngemuva kwempumelelo yokuqala ezindaweni zokubala zezitolo, incwadi yakhe yesibili ebizwa nge- "Escape from the Wizard", eyayithonywa kakhulu yifilosofi ethandwayo.
Ngo-1953, owesifazane wadala incwadi ekhuluma ngoJean-Field Sartre. Ekuqaleni kwendlela yakhe yokudala, ngomdlandla ngefilosofi yobukhona bokubalwa, intombazane yathonywa amanoveli alo mbhali njengo "Wall" no "Nausea".
Ukuphela kweminyaka yo-1960 kwaphawulwa ukushicilelwa kochungechunge lwezincwadi, okubizwa ngokuthi abacwaningi be-Aris "YabaRoma kaTyne noTyne": "Unicorn", "i-Italian Isikhathi", "I-Italian. Kubo, iMerock ihlole umthelela endodeni yezinkanuko ezibhubhisayo.
I-Comic subText yaqhubeka emsebenzini we-merrock "i-rose yasendle". Kuyo, owesifazana wakwazi ukukhombisa ukuthi wayengumbhali onekhono elinengqondo, kanye nokuqhubeka kwamasiko abekelwe ama-Classics ezincwadi zaseBrithani. URoman uxabana ngenkululeko, uthando nomshado, futhi umlobi ufunda ubudlelwano phakathi kwalezi zimo. Ngo-1974, kwakhishwa ifilimu eli-4 le-serial televishini yaseMelika, elingelutho kule ncwadi.
Ama-1970s abonakaliswa ukuvuthwa kuka-Iris njengombhali. Ubefuna ukuqhubeka namasiko abekelwe nguShakespeare, okuwukucabanga okuyisibonelo okuhle. Umbhali wabhalela abafundi bakhe enkundleni yaseshashalazini futhi wadala izinhlobo zayo zezincwadi zezincwadi ze-classical. Umjikelezo weShakespearean ufaka imisebenzi enjalo ngokuthi "Inkinga kaJackson", "umnyama noma" ulwandle, ulwandle, uLwandle ". Ama-Classic Heroes athole ukutolika okubuyekeziwe okuvela ku-merrock futhi ashintshe ukunaka kwawo ekufuneni okushiwo impilo nokuhle.
Isikhathi esinzima sempilo yakhe yokudala i-Iris yadonsa ugqozi oluvela ePlato. Waqala ukucabangisisa ngezincwadi zakhe mayelana nokuthola impilo yokuziphatha, isilinganiso sokukhohlisa namaqiniso. Emsebenzini 'wendoda engahleliwe ", owesifazane waphikisana kakhulu ngokufuna kokuziphatha, futhi wahlola nenkinga yokuziphatha kwesibopho somuntu ngamunye, esebenzisa indlela yamahlaya.
I-Roman Iris "Inkosana Emnyama", okuthethwe ngokwesiko okuba yiyona ehamba phambili, kwaphuma ngo-1973. Lo msebenzi umele ukuhunyushwa kombhali wendaba ye-hamlet. Futhi, abagxeki bemibhalo babalwa ochungechungeni lwePlatonovsky.
I- "Black Prince" iyisici sesakhiwo esingokomfanekiso neyokuhlakanipha, kanye nokugcwaliswa kwemibono yefilosofi. Ukwakhiwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwesakhiwo kuthathelwa indawo ukubonakaliswa kaningi komlingiswa ophambili. Ngakho-ke, le ncwadi yaphenduka ibe nzima, kepha imnandi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbhali akakucaciseli ngokugcwele inoveli ngokunikeza abafundi izinketho ezimbalwa zokuhunyushwa kwakhe. Inoveli, yanikeza umklomelo kaJames Tait futhi yaqokwa ngePrimiyamu yeBucker, yahlangana nokugxekwa ngentokozo.
Ubuqambi bomlobi wawo-1980 kwaphawulwa ukwanda kwengxenye yomdlalo, kwaqala ukudala amanoveli njengezephulelo - ngezincazelo ezifihliwe, ezifihliwe izingcaphuno ezinzima, ama-alluis, izinkomba. "Isikole SaseRoma" Esihle "ngo-1985, sikhuluma nge-psychoanalyst, ngubani bobabili umuntu nedemoni, kanye nomthakathi ophuzile uthando.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoImisebenzi yokugcina ebhalwe nguMerrock ilahlekelwe yi-charm engapheli yeprosese, eyayiyindalo emsebenzini wakhe wokuqala. Baqinisa ukuziphatha. Umlobi wenoveli wokugcina, oshicilelwe ngo-1992, wabizwa ngokuthi "inkinga kaJackson".
Ngo-1987, u-Iris wanikezwa isihloko esithi "Hononorrary Proforsor Oxford". Ngonyaka olandelayo, waba ngumnikazi woMklomelo Ohlonishwayo weShakespeare. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1989, owesifazane wanikezwa isihloko esiphakeme kakhulu esithi "I-Lady of Commander of the British uMbuso waseBrithani", kwathi ngo-1997 - umklomelo wokuhlonishwa "umklomelo wegolide" ngezinsizakalo ezincwadini zaseBrithani.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Empilweni yomuntu siqu ka-Iris yasinda emidysweni emi-2 ebucayi: Ngesikhathi sempi, washona amadoda athandekayo athandekayo - uFranz Steiner noFrank Thompson. Ngalesi sizathu, isikhathi eside owesifazane wehlulekile ukubopha ubuhlobo obungathi sína.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoEkuqaleni kwama-50s, uMarrock wahlangana no-Oxford nozakwethu okuthiwa nguJohn Bailey. Usebenze njengomfundisi, umlobi nokugxekwa kwemibhalo, ukuze owesilisa nabesifazane babenezintshisakalo eziningi ezifanayo. Ngo-1956, bazibopha ezibophweni zomshado futhi kamuva bebengahlukaniswanga kuze kube sekufeni komlobi omkhulu. Lo mbhangqwana awunazo izingane.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngemuva kokufa kuka-Iris, umyeni wakhe waqamba incwadi ye-biography nezithombe ezingokomlando, kamuva wakhonza njengesisekelo sefilimu ethandwayo "Oscar". Naphezu kwalokhu, eduze ne-merrop ne-negative kwabonakala yincwadi, ephikisana nokuthi izehlakalo ezivela ku-biography yakhe zahlanekezelwa futhi zeqiwe.
Ukushona
U-Iris merdock, ubuqambi bakhe buqashelwa wonke umphakathi wezemibhalo, eminyakeni yamuva nje yokuphila wahlushwa isifo se-Alzheimer's. Lokhu kwakuyimbangela yokufa kwakhe.Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoUhlupheke ngokulahlekelwa inkumbulo, ukwehluleka ukuqhubeka nokuqhubeka nemisebenzi yengqondo, futhi akakwazanga ukuzikhonza. Zonke izinkathazo zathatha umyeni wakhe, owenza konke ukuze owesifazane akazange anikezwe ekhaya lasebekhulile.
NgoFebhuwari 8, 1999, u-Iris Merdock ushonile. Umlobi washiya ifa elikhulu.
Amacaphuna
"Uthando yilapho isikhungo sendawo yonke sisuka ngokuzumayo sisuka komunye umuntu futhi singena komunye umuntu" "Thola ukuthi lokhu kuyakulalela ngokweqile. Zonke izindaba zabantu azinakubucayi, kepha udinga baphathe ngokungathi sína "I-Bibliography
- 1954 - "Ngaphansi kwenethiwekhi"
- 1957 - "Inqaba Esihlabathini"
- Ngo-1963 - "Unicorn"
- Ngo-1964 - "I-Italian"
- Ngo-1969 - "Shite Bruno"
- 1970 - "Ukulahlekelwa Ngokweqiniso"
- 1975 - "Ukufa Kwezwi"
- 1978 - "Ulwandle, Ulwandle"
- 1993 - "Green Knight"
- 1995 - "Inkinga kaJackson"