I-Biograge
Igama lomdumbu uMikhail betumeva-rdyumin lingene unomphela umlando waseRussia, futhi iminyaka yamadoda ichazwe emithonjeni yekhulu le-XIX. Njengoba esemncane kakhulu, waba ngomunye wabaholi benhlangano ephikisayo futhi wabamba iqhaza kuDisemba isiphithiphithi, lapho ekhokha khona impilo yakhe.Ubuntwana nentsha
UMikhail Pavlovich wazalwa ehlobo lika-1801 eNizhny Novgorod, uMbuso WaseRussia. Ubaba wakhe uPavel Nikolaevich wayengumeluleki osuswa, umama wabizwa ngokuthi i-Ekaterina Vasilyevna, wagqoka isibongo se-grushesky emshadweni.
Ingcebo yabazali yavunyelwa ukuthi inikeze iNdodana, esikhundleni salokho bahlela ukufundwa kwasekhaya, othisha babevame ukukhuliswa kabusha - kwesinye isikhathi kuphakanyiswa, kwesinye isikhathi uprofesa waseyunivesithi weza enkulumweni.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-17, uMikhail uthole isitifiketi sokuhlola kahle, ngokuzayo waqinisekiswa ukwanda kwezihloko, ngokuya ngengxenye yomphakathi. Kodwa-ke, le nsizwa ayizange, yakhetha icala lezempi.
Umbutho wezempi
Kakade ngo-1818, kuvela insizakalo yezempi eBetumev-Ryumin, ehlobo lalowo nyaka waba yi-junker yebutho le-sauna, kwathi ngemuva konyaka kamuva, kwavuswa uStandard-Juncker. Ngemuva konyaka, wathuthela eMbutholweni yeSemenov. Endaweni entsha, kwenzelwa ukwazana nomkhuzi we-3rd Fusil Rhot weRegiment Sergey MuravYov-Apostol.Ekupheleni kuka-1820, iqembu, lapho uMikhail Pavlovich aqukethe, ahlakazwa khona, ngakho-ke wangena enhlanganweni ye-poltava yabantu abantwana, lapho walethwa khona esimweni se-Ensign.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Mayelana nempilo yomuntu siqu yodumo oluncane kuyaziwa. Ayikho imithombo esemthethweni yokuthi wayengenazo izingane namakhosikazi. Edolobhaneni laseKudlonka, isifunda saseNizhny Novgorod eBetuzhev-Ryumin sasiyi-manor enendawo yepaki yamahlathi namachibi amabili.
Ngemuva kokushona kwendoda, wathuthela kumfowabo uNikolai Pavlovich, owaletha izingane eziyishumi. Kodwa-ke, le ndaba yomlando yehlulekile ukuqhubeka kuze kube namuhla, ngenxa yezikweletu zomndeni, ifa lalo mndeni, umnikazi omusha wahlasela yena futhi wathuthela edolobhaneni elingumakhelwane.
Ukuvukela Ukuhlunga
Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-XIX, ukunyakaza okuphikisayo kwaqala ukuvela eMbusweni waseRussia, okwakuhlanganiswa nabangane nabantu abanomqondo ofanayo. Ngo-1823, iBessuzhev-rdyumin, kanye neMuravYov-Apostol, yangena eSouthern Society Society, u-Alexey Yunshevsky no-Alexander Baaryatinsky kanye nemicimbi. Ngokubambisana noComrade wakhe, walibangisa ngokubusa kukaVasilkovskaya, wahlangana namazwe asePoland ezingxoxweni, lapho isihloko esikhulu sale ngxoxo bekungukuhlanganiswa kwemiphakathi emibili.
Inhloso yale nhlangano bekuwukuqeda i-autocracy kanye nokuqothulwa komndeni wasebukhosini, lokhu kwahlelwa ukuba kuhlelwe kusetshenziswa izikhulu. Izidumbu zifuna ukuvimba inkosi entsha ukuba ilethe isifungo, ihlala inqaba yasePetropavlovsk kanye nesigodlo sasebusika. Umholi we-Upring wakhethwa nguPrince Sergey Trubetsky. Inkosi nomakhelwane wayo kwakuhlelelwe ukuba ithunjiwe, futhi uma kunesidingo, kuqedwe. UTsarubytsi wakhetha uPeter Kakhovsky, wafika ngengozi kubaphikisi, wayenesizungu empilweni, futhi ngenxa yalokho wavuma ukufeza lo msebenzi.
Uhlelo lokuhlaselwa ukuthi iSenethi lishicilela i-manifesto elihlanganiswe, ngokusho kwalo uhulumeni wangaphambili abhujiswa, "futhi asuse uhulumeni wezinguquko ngoMthethosisekelo omusha. Uma kwenzeka wenqaba, kwahlelwa ukusebenzisa amandla e-Depembrists Army. Ngokuyisisekelo, uMthetho wawunemibhalo ekuqedweni kweSerfdom, ngokuzibophezela emthethweni wawo wonke umphakathi, ukudlula okuphoqelekile kwenkonzo yezakhamizi (noma ngabe zinjani izichibiyelo zazo) kanye nezinye izichibiyelo eziningi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, emhlanganweni owakhiwe, indlela yeBhodi ikhethiwe, lapho ikhetha ifomu leRepublican, abamele iziphathimandla zasebukhosini bathunyelwa komunye umbuso. Njengomqondo wabahleli besenzo, amasosha akufanele abe namagazi, njenge-Spanish Revolution ka-1820, kuphela ngokubamba iqhaza kwebutho elilodwa futhi ngaphandle kokuheha abantu bamasosha afuna ukuthwebula amandla.
Ngokwesikhashana esinomthwalo wemfanelo, uKakhsky wenqaba ukubulala uNikolai i, naphezu kwalokhu, la maphoyisa aqhubeka nokukhankasa namasosha angama-8 angeniswe ekuseni eSentete Square, lapho abanye abakwa-Servicemen futhi kamuva. Lapho sesifunde kusenesikhathi ngezinhlelo zombuso, ngaphandle kokulinda isikhathi esimisiwe, amaSenators ngisho nasekuseni ekuseni aqhakambisa uMbusi omusha. Misa ama-Decembrists okokuqala kuphela ama-connogvardeints azamile.
Ngokuphikisana nabavukeli u-Nikolai bahlulekile ukuqoqa ibutho elikhulu, inani lamasosha akhe lalincane kakhulu, kuyilapho amaphoyisa eRoyal enenzuzo yezikhali. Umbusi wesaba ukuthi i-Upring ngeke ikwazi ukuma ebumnyameni, ngoba ukuhlasela inqaba bekunganakwa ebumnyameni kalula. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngaphansi komyalo kaGeneral Ivan Sukhozneta, onogada be-Artillery bathunyelwa kubavuselele.
Ekuqaleni, amasosha enza isitha yi-volley yezibhamu ezingenzi lutho, kwathi lapho ingangithinti, banquma ukusebenzisa izibhamu ezikhokhiswa ama-cartridge wangempela. Ukuzama ukungathinti abantu, ukuthandwa kokuqala kwanikezwa ophahleni lwezindlu, abakuthola khona ukudonswa kwezibhamu. Impendulo volley yabasaba, baphendukela ekuphunyukeni kwabo.
Kepha ngalesi sifiso sokuthwebula inqaba abangazange banyamalale, kwaholela ekuthomeni okulandelayo emfuleni uNeva, efaka iqhwa, amasosha ayelungiselela ukuhlaselwa. Isibhamu esilandelayo esivela emikhamini eyisisekelo eshayiswa yiziteleka zazo zacekelwa phansi yiqhwa, abaningi babecwila.
Lapho kuboniswa ukuhlaselwa kwesibili kombukiso, ukwanda kwaqashelwa njengoba kuthintekile. Imigwaqo yayigcwele ngokoqobo nezidumbu zabantu, uNikolai wayala ukuba ahlanze umgwaqo ekuseni. Abaphathi bemiyalo engene ngobuntu - bakha umgodi emfuleni, baphonsa imizimba emfuleni. Isiphetho esifanayo salindelela labo abalimele, kepha basaphila. Kusukela ekuqaleni kokuvukelwa, uMikhail Pavlovich akahlelanga ukusebenzisa isikhali, ngakho-ke le ndoda iboshwe ngokushesha.
Obabazekayo
Ngemuva kokuthi kuboshwe amasosha kanye namasosha amabombo ePetropavlovsk Fortress (cishe abantu abangama-700), uMbusi uNickolas ngidlale lo mseshi, amaphoyisa angama-539 asaphenywa, kodwa uhhafu wabo kuphela owatholakala enecala. Iningi lathunyelwa eKatvoa liye eSiberia, othile wahlala ekuphetheni, futhi abagqugquzeli abayisihlanu benhlangano bagwebeka, futhi i-rutuzhev-rumin nayo yayiphakathi kwabo.Ngaphambi kokuzwa isigwebo, owesilisa uqhube izinyanga ezimbalwa ngesikhathi esiphethweni, lapho azama khona ukuthuthukisa ubunikazi bolimi lwaseRussia. Ngezincwadi kubantu abaphezulu, wacela imvume yokuphendula imibuzo ngesiFulentshi, ngoba lolu limi bebazi kangcono kakhulu, kodwa seluthole ukwenqaba kokuqukethwe, kwaqala ukutadisha isipelingi kanye nokuphinyiselwa okulungile kwesi-Russian.
Ukubulawa kwenziwa ePetropavlovsk inqaba, imbangela yokufa kukaMikhail Pavlovich kwakulenga, okwakusetshenziselwa ukwenza isijeziso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka kuphela kusukela ngokwesibili lapho ugwetshwe u-Exwabe kuya endaweni ethile, wawa ngaphansi kwesisindo sabantu. Ama-conloir kwadingeka aphinde abambe inqubo. Konke lokhu kwenzeke phambi kwamanye amacala esikwele senqaba.
Ukukhumbula
Endaweni yangakuyo yangaphambili yefa lodumo, isikhumbuzo esiya eBestuzhev-Rumin siyasungulwa. Futhi ekukhumbuleni, izehlakalo zaleyo minyaka zichazwe ezincwadini eziningi. Futhi ngonyaka we-2019, uMqondisi u-Andrei Kravchuk wasusa ifilimu "inyunyana yensindiso", lapho kwenziwa khona umsebenzi we-Mikhail Pavlovich owenziwa ngu-Actor Ivan Yankovsky.
Iribhoni lobuciko litshela ngoDisemba 1825 UPring, lapho iRussia isiphenduke amandla anamandla aseYurophu. Lokhu kuqashelwa kwacindezela izikhulu zabaqaphi ukunqoba ukulingana nenkululeko. Ukuze uthole lokhu, bakulungele ukudela impilo yabo, inhlala-kahle namasosha angaphansi.