I-Biograge
Ukufika ngoMashi 8 Izipho kanye nama-bouquets, ingxenye emangalisayo yesintu isivele ikhohliwe ukuthi leli holidi liphoqelekile kubavuselele baseYurophu nabesifazane, ezikhundleni zazo zeRose Luxembourg zingumnikazi wenye yezindawo zokuqala. I-biography of rose ngokwayo ayikude ne-romance yezimbali - impilo yakhe yayigcwele umzabalazo, imicabango esebenzayo nemizamo yokushintsha i-oda lomhlaba, ekugcineni eliholele ekubumbeni komhlaba.Ubuntwana nentsha
URosalia wazalwa ngonyaka we-1871 kule ndawo yePoland yesimanje, okwathi ngalezozinsuku futhi kwakuyingxenye yoMbuso WaseRussia. Emndenini ocebile wamaJuda, iLelnonburg yakhuliswa izingane ezinhlanu, kanti uRosa wayesemncane. Lapho bezalwa, le ntombazane yayisabalalisa okhalweni, futhi ngenxa yalokho yahlushwa ukulimala okungaphenduki, ngenxa yokuthi izinyonga zashiyelwa impilo.
Ukugula ngokomzimba akuzange kuvimbele iMarxist yesikhathi esizayo ukuba iqede ngokugqamile i-Gymnasium eWarsaw. Ukubanjwa kusuka emvelweni, wafunda kahle, wakhuluma ngezilimi ezintathu - isiPolish, isiJalimane nesiRussia. Ngesikhathi ngenkathi i-Gymnasium, le ntombazane yaphefumulelwa imibono yenguquko, ifuna ukubona kuye okokuqala kowesifazane, kanye necala elithembekile, icala elithembekile.
ULuxembourg usevele washushiswa kuqala eneminyaka engu-18, ngenxa yalokho ashiya kuwo eSwitzerland, lapho eba umfundi eyunivesithi yaseZurich. Lapha uRosa waqala ukutadisha isayensi yezomthetho, yezepolitiki nezomnotho. Isikhundla sezepolitiki esisebenzayo sabela intombazane ngokumelene nentombazane eyayisemuva kwabanye, futhi ngokushesha waphenduka umholi wenhlangano yabafundi yenkulumo-propaganda.
Ipolitiki
URosa Luxembourg wadume ngeNororist of Marxism, isazi sefilosofi kanye nentatheli. Owesifazane onamathela ekubukeni okuguqukayo, ukuvikela imigomo yentando yeningi yezenhlalo. Ukuqala umsebenzi wezepolitiki ePoland, intombazane yaqhubeka ikhankakha eSwitzerland naseJalimane. Ukuze uthole imisebenzi e-antimylitan phakathi nempi yezwe yokuqala, i-rose iye yaboshwa kaninginingi, yenziwa ngokuphetha iminyaka emi-4.
Njengoba usungene ekuphikisweni nomugqa osemthethweni we-Social Democratic Party of Germany, lona wesifazane wagcina eshiya inhlangano, wasungulwa kanye nabantu abanomqondo ofanayo uKarl Liebry.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iRosalia selokhu ubuntwana babonakala buyinto ebabazekayo, impilo yakhe yomuntu siqu yayinesivunguvungu. Ukukhula okungu-150 cm kanti i-Chromota ayiphazamisanga ngowesifazane emadodeni amahle abukekayo ane-charisma kanye nezinkulumo ezivuthayo. Uhlangane nothando lokuqala eSwitzerland lapho ebhekene noLeo Joghhes, asondelana naye emhlabathini wezepolitiki. Le nyunyana ithatha iminyaka eyi-16, yize ibingakaze ifakwe ngokusemthethweni: INkosi yagcizelela ukuthi uRosa azinikele ngokuphelele emzabalazweni wezepolitiki, angacabangi ngezingane nenduduzo yomndeni.
Kodwa-ke, i- "Valkyrie Revolution" ibingazuzi lutho olungabantu, futhi waphupha ngomndeni kangako kunalokho okucatshangelwe kwezinhloso zenhlalo. ULuxembourg ushade nothando, kodwa ukuze kufezeke ukuhlala eJalimane, ngakho-ke uGustav Lübeck, eqinisweni, waba yindoda eqanjiwe.
Namanye amadoda, uRosa waphila ngaphandle kwawo, phakathi kwabo kwakunguKonstantin - indodana kaClara Zetkin odumile, uthando lwalo lwaqubuka, naphezu komehluko oneminyaka engu-14 ubudala. Ngenxa yalokho, lo mlomo osemusha wawushiya omunye ummeli womunye, wahlangana nommeli kaPaul Levy, mncane kakhulu kunakhe. Kepha lobu budlelwano bebulindele umkhokhelo odabukisayo, ngenxa yokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-Luxembourg lasho ukuthi manje impilo yakhe ibe ngumphakathi kuphela.
Ukushona
Ngo-1918, uRosa, kanye noKarl Liebrnecht, obambe iqhaza ekusungulweni kweqembu lamaKhomanisi aseJalimane, ukuthandwa kwalo kubangele ukukhathazeka kukahulumeni. Ayiholi ngokukhankasa ngokungagugi, iqembu elivumile imizwa yokubhikisha, kufaka phakathi ukuhlubuka kwabasebenzi ngoJanuwari 1919. Ngenxa yalokho, abaholi beqembu bamenyezelwa ohlwini olwesemthethweni.
I-Luxembourg Njengokungathi ihlele imbangela yokufa futhi yabikezela ukuthi izofa "ngaphandle noma ejele." URose waboshwa ngoJanuwari 15, 1919, kodwa angizange ngifike esakhiweni sejele: ama-evoria, eshaya umfazi ngesitsha, wadubula ikhanda waphonsa phansi umzimba emgodini womfula. Lapho kwatholakala ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi futhi kwangcwatshwa eduze kwaseKarl Liebrnecht, kubulawa ngalo lolo suku. Ukwahlulela ngesithombe, izitofu zazo ezinkulu ezenziwe ngemabula apinki njengamaconsi amabili amanzi.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1899 - "Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezimboni Poland"
- Ngo-1899 - "Ukuguqulwa Kwezenhlalo noma Inguquko"
- Ngo-1906 - "Isiteleka Mass, Party nezinyunyana zabasebenzi"
- Ngo-1913 - "Ukuqongelelwa kwenhloko-dolobha"
- Ngo-1915 - "Inhlekelele Yentando yeningi Yezenhlalo"
- Ngo-1916 - "Anti-Exertism"
- 1922 - "Ukuguqulwa kweRussia. Ukuhlolwa Okubucayi Kobuthakathaka "(Ngokusobala)
Ukukhumbula
- Rose isikwele i-Luxembourg e Berlin
- Rose isikwele i-Luxembourg eMunich
- Rose isikwele i-Luxembourg eDresden
- Imigwaqo yeRosa Luxembourg eMoscow, eSt. Petersburg, Saratov kanye namakhulu amanye amadolobha
- Sanatorium. I-Roses Luxembourg in Gasprepe