Biography
UJames Jones ngumbhali wombhali waseMelika otyhidiweyo kwimisebenzi yakhe ekhohlakeleyo kunye nezinto ezinqabileyo zeMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Iziqendu ezinomdla, izigcawu ezibukhali, ugqirha wezengqondo ongenangqondo wenza izinto ezibhalwe ngazo izithandwa ze-PRESE phakathi kwenani elikhulu labafundi. Iinoveli zikaJones zaye zakhuselwa rhoqo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umbhali wazalwa ngoNovemba 6, 1921 eIllinois. Abazali banika igama likanyana uYakobimon uRanes. Malunga neminyaka yabantwana kunye nesikolo kwi-biography yombhali iyayazi kancinci. Ukususela kwiminyaka eli-18, lo mfana wakhonza kwicandelo lama-25. Inkonzo kumkhosi ohambelana neziganeko zemfazwe yesibini yehlabathi. Lo mfo wabona uhlaselo kwi-Pearl Harbour isiseko somkhosi, kwaye sathatha inxaxheba kwidabi laseGuadalkanal.
Ubomi Buqu
UJames wayetshatile ngovuyo kwi-moltane glowo. Abantwana ababini bazalwa emtshatweni. Intombi kaRomastist kylist yenze isigqibo sokuya emanyathelweni katata kwaye yathatha imisebenzi yoncwadi. Ukuthandwa kombhali kuzisa inovezo le-autobiographical "Intombazana yejoni ayizange ilile", epapashwe ngo-1990. Njengale mibhalo kaBawo, lo msebenzi wawusele udiniwe. Ifilimu eyalelwa nguJames Wemporing.Iincwadi
Iimpawu kunye namava afunyenwe ngexesha lemfazwe yasemkhosini eyabelana ngamava eJamani eyokwenyani. "Ukususela ngoku nangonaphakade", yadalwa ngo-1951, yaba yimvakalelo. Umbhali ngaphandle kwenkuni wabonakalisa ubomi bamajoni asemkhosini, isimo sengqondo somkhosi, amandla okuqhubeka neqela nangaphezulu. Embindini weyelenqe-ibali likaRobert Lee pruita. I-testaar ye-istar i-sustard ibe yinto eqingqiweyo, kuba sele ikwazile ukubona ilahleko ezininzi ebomini bakhe.
Kwangelo xesha, ijoni lilungile kwaye lifuna ukwenza abasemagunyeni babenyanisekile, banyanisekile kwaye banobulungisa. Kucacile ukuba ezi ngcinga zilungileyo zizibonelelo zolutsha lukaRobert. Kunye nomfanekiso wemicimbi yomkhosi, umbhali ujamelana nezihloko zothando. Isiseko semovel yenoveli yayizisiganeko zokwenene kubomi bobuqu yaseJones, ixesha lenkonzo yombhali eHawaii. Emva kweminyaka emi-2, ukuhlolwa kwemibhalo, umlawuli wefilimu yayinguFred Zinnemann.
Inoveli "umgca obomvu obomvu" waba yindalo, eyazisa i-prosair yehlabathi. Amava obuqu kaJames aya emsebenzini-umlo waseGuadalkanal. Apha kuthabathele ingqalelo abafundi ukuba batsaleleke kwimicimbi ebalulekileyo, embindini wendlela - i-whitt yabucala. Inoveli yakhiwe ukuze abaphulaphuli bayibone indaleko yomlinganiswa ovela kwigorha elincinci ukuya kwigorha, ixabiso lobomi bakhe beqela lezinto ezigciniweyo. Umbhalo wafumana iimvavanyo eziphezulu zabagxeki zoncwadi kwaye zakhuselwa kabini.
Iinoveli ze-American Classic zinxiba amagama okuthetha. Ngokukodwa, isincoko "baya apho abahlolokazi" baqinisekisa abafundi ukuba babone into ethile ebonakalayo yemisitho echaziweyo. Umbhali ubhala kwiincwadi zembambano eVietnam ("Vietnamese"), iziphumo ezimbi zokulwa ukusebenza ("ukuchukumisa ingozi") kunye nezinye izinto ezoyikisayo zemfazwe. UJones akazange athande esidlangalaleni, ngoko ke incinci ifoto naye.
Inoveli yokugqibela engafunekiyo kwi-Bibliography yombhali waseMelika yayikuphela ". Apha, kwakhona, i-prosaiis ijika ibe yimizekelo yobuqu efunyenwe ngexesha lonyango kwisibhedlele se-memfis. Kolu xeko, njengakweminye imisebenzi yeNkosi, amanqaku olwahlulo lwemfazwe aluzifundo. Kwibali, iinkalo ze-American "zomkhosi" zingenisiwe. Amajoni abuyayo emfazweni akanyanzelekanga kwilizwe labo lokuzalwa.
Ukufa
Kwiminyaka engama-50, umbhali waziva ngathi ukuphazamiseka entliziyweni yentliziyo. Ukucula isiphelo, umbhali wabhenela kwi-goard ngo-Peru Wily Morris ngesicelo sokugqibezela inoveli "kuphela. Ukulungiselela le njongo, iAmerican Classic yabhala amanqaku achazayo kaMorris. UJames wayengekabikho 9, 1977. Unobangela wokufa kukusilela kwentliziyo. Umbhali wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni eBridgethampton. Imibhalo ye-Master Master iyaqhubeka igcinwe kwiDyunivesithi yaseAustin.I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1951 - "Ukususela ngoku Kunaphakade"
- Ngo-1957 - "kwaye babaleka"
- Ngo-1959 - "Pistol"
- Ngo-1962 - "umgca obomvu omncinci"
- Ngo-1967 - "Yiya Apho Beenza Apho Benza Iphi Abahlolokazi"
- Ngo-1971 - "Inyanga yovuyo
- Ngo-1973 - "Ukuchukumisa ingozi"
- Ngo-1974 - "Idayari yeDietnayinto"
- Ngo-1975 - "Imfazwe YesiBini yeHlabathi"
- Ngo-1978 - "biza kuphela"