Biography
U-Edith Wordon wayengumbhali waseMelika olonwabela ulwazi lweyona ndawo iphakamileyo yoluntu ukuba ibonise abantu abaziwayo bokuziphatha. Waba ngumfazi wokuqala owafumana ibhaso le-pitzer ye-pitzer yenoveli kunye noHosger Henry James.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-biegraphy Edith Worton yaqala ngoJanuwari 24, 1862, ekuzalweni kombhali wexesha elizayo obizwa ngokuba yi-Edith Nene. Abazali bakhe uGeorge noLucretia baphinde nokurhweba ngezinto ezithengisa izindlu nomhlaba kwaye banomdla kwiintsapho zabo banini bomhlaba, ukusuka eNetherlands bafudukela eNew York.
Kwinqanaba lokuqala lobomi, le ntombazana ibambe impikiswano yabantu kwaye isebenza, ngenxa yoko kwenziwa imali ye-US ye-US. Ngaphandle koku, uLan Jones wayeya rhoqo esiya kuphumla, etyelele amazwe afana neJamani neSpain.
U-Edith, kunye nabazalwana abadala, wamkela imfundo yasekhaya kwaye waxelela iilwimi ezintathu kwiminyaka eli-10. Wayigatya imigangatho yefashoni kunye ne-etiquette yehlabathi, engavumi ukuthatha inxaxheba ekulweni, iRauta kunye neBeals.
Abazali banxulumana ngokudibeneyo kunye ne-whims yentombazana, kuba ekuqaleni kuka-1871 wafumana uTyhussinal. Ukuphilisa ngokungummangaliso, umntwana wagqiba kwelokuba anikele ngobomi kubulungiseleli eluntwini kwaye ke ufundele iincwadi ezininzi zenzululwazi nakwinzululwazi.
Imfundo ifunyenwe kwiRhaboss, uEdith wayegqala kakhulu izithuba ezigqibeleleyo neziphengululweyo ngolwazi, ukumba kwithala leencwadi likatata. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, umama, enyamekela ikamva, evale umlomo kwiinoveli, emva koko wavalela ukufikelela kolunye uncwadi de kufike ukuba i-hiress ingayifumana i-room.
UJones-ohlukileyo, wavuma ubuchule bentombi yakhe waza wawaphulaphula ngovuyo amabali awaqashelayo. UGeorge waba ngumphulaphuli wokuqala ekuguquleleni kombongo wombhali waseJamani owaziwayo kwaye wapapasha phantsi kwegama leRalph Waldo Emerson.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngeminyaka yee-1880, uEdith wanika indlela eya kuYehova ukuthanda kukamama kwaye, eshiya ubuchule bokubhaliweyo, njengoko kuhlelwe ukuba kubekho ubuchule. Kwibhola ye-aristoct eNew York, wadibana nendlalifa yosomashishini, kodwa abazali ababengafuni ukuba lo mtshato unciphise ulwalamano.Emva kwexesha elithile, uEdward Robbins Worton, iGosa lezeMali kwintsapho entle lavela kubomi bombhali waseMelika. Ngo-1885, waba ngumyeni osemthethweni wentombazana, kodwa etshatile nabani na wazisa uvuyo ngenxa yokungabi naluthando.
I-Edith Worton (emi) nomntakwabo, uFrederick Raineleander Jones noDade Mary Kadwalader Jones jones
Kwakungekho abantwana abatshatileyo, ngoko ke imvakalelo yomsebenzi ingcwatyelwe, kwaye uEdith wafumana inoveli enentatheli egama linguRonlerton. Esi sibini sisondela ngokugqibeleleyo esinye sezimvo zehlabathi kunye nomlimo, ngoko emva koqhawulo-mbhali be-Edward Robbins, bahamba kakhulu kunye.
Iincwadi
Emva kokupapashwa kwemibongo yokuqala, uWorton waqala ukwenza iinoveli, kodwa umsebenzi wokuqala wolu hlobo luboniswe esidlangalaleni kwiminyaka engama-40. Yincwadi ye "Valley yezigqibo", ezaliswayo ngobomi be-Aristocrats kunye nezeziganeko zentsomi zinezinto ezizenzekelayo.
Ngo-1905, izahluko kunye neendinyana zokuvela kulo msebenzi ulandelayo obizwa ngokuba "sendlu Mirut" wapapashwa kumaphepha eMagazini yombhali. Umbhali uxelele ibali lomfazi ongenakubhinqileyo, kodwa olihlwempuzekileyo, kubomi baso, ngenxa yocalucalulo loluntu, ukudakumba kunye nokulawulwa kwento.
Impumelelo yenoveli evela kubafundi kunye nabafundi baqhubeka no-Ediiik, kwaye ngo-1917 wakhulula imisebenzi emitsha. Phakathi kwazo yayiziincwadi "neziqhamo zemithi" kunye "nehlobo", isikhokelo "sibhabha eFrance" kunye neNoveli "iFurum".
Inoveli yomsebenzi wokudala yayiyinoveli "i-epoch yokungabi natyala", uhlobo oshicilelweyo lwaluboniswa ngu-D. Appleton kunye nenkampani. Ngaye, uEdith wafumana ibhaso le-pitzer kwiincwadi, nangona, enyanisweni, yayiyinkcazo yekamva lakhe.
Olona luvo luphambili lomsebenzi yayingqubana loluntu olutsha noludala, olu lwenzeka eMelika ekuqaleni kweenkulungwane ze-Xix-Xx kwiinkulungwane ezininzi. Thatha indawo kwisangqa se-Aristocrats yeyona njongo iphambili yabalinganiswa, kwaye oku baphulukana nokuzithemba nothando.
Ukongeza kwimibhalo yobugcisa, uluntu ngokubanzi yayikhona kwi-bibliography: Iingxelo zohambo, iincwadana ezinemigaqo yababhali kunye neengcebiso zekhaya. Wamkelwa njenge prosair obalaseleyo eyathabatha eyakhe icocekile uNiche kwaye wasebenza ngobuchule de kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1930.
Ukufa
Ekuqaleni kwehlobo lowe-1937, uEdith waphumla eFrance, ngelixa esebenza kwincwadi yoyilo yayinengxaki yokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kwaye wawa ngaphandle kweemvakalelo. Kungekudala impilo yombhali waseMelika yaqalisa ukubangela inkxalabo yabantu esibathandayo, kwaye unobangela wokufa ozinzileyo yayinguHemourrhage kunye nokubetha.I-Waorton yangcwatywa kwingcwaba elilula kumaProtestanti kwiinguqulelo phambi kwezalamane ezikhathazayo kunye namakhulu amakhulu abantu. Inkumbulo yombhali "ye-epoch yokufumana impompo ihleli" ihleli kwifoto kunye namagama e-crater, kunye nenoveli kunye neenoveli ezaziba sisikhuseli.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1897 - "umhlobiso wezindlu"
- I-1905 - "Indlu kaMirta"
- I-1911 - "I-Froum"
- Ngo-1912 - "i-reef, okanye apho ulonwabo luphukile"
- Ngo-1917 - "ihlobo"
- Ngo-1920 - "i-epoch yemsulwa"
- Ngo-1922 - "kwimitha yenyanga ye-flicking"
- Ngo-1928 - "Bantwana"
- Ngo-1937 - "Iziporho"
- Ngo-1938 - "IPirates"