Biography
UPhilip II waba ngumqondiso kwimbali yaseRashiya. Ukuba ngumbhishophu weCawa yaseRussia, iMetropolitan yaseMoscow kunye neRussia, wayigxeka i-Ekrichnin e-Ivan Grozny, eyiqwalasele engamkelekanga kwiihlobeni zokumkani. Ngexesha lobomi bakhe, indoda yakwazi ukwenza izenzo ezininzi ezilungileyo kunaye zifanelwe ngudumo nembeko phakathi kwabantu.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Ngobuntwana kwi-biography ye-st. Xa kuzalwa nge-11 kaFebruwari, 1507, wabizwa nge-Fedor Stepanovich Kolychev. Abazali bonyana bengababoy bakudala.
Umama wafundisa unyana wakhe ukuba abe kwinkangeleko yamaKristu. Umntwana wafunda idiploma kwiZibhalo Ezingcwele, kwaye wayesazi indlela yokujongana nezixhobo, ukukhwela. Kodwa ukusukela kwiminyaka yobudala, imicimbi enamava afunyanwayo ukuba ingabi saza kwizakhono zomkhosi, kodwa kwimithandazo kunye nokufunda iincwadi.
Ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30, uFyodor Stepanovich wakhonza kwintendelezo yePrince Vasily III. Ngo-1537, abantu abavela kuhlobo lomfana baxhaswa ngu-Andrei Starkisky, ophakamise inkani eNovgorod, e-Elena ye-Ivan ye-Ivan ye-Ivan i-Ivan ivan. Intshutshiso yaqala eKolychev, abaninzi babulawa. Ukuthintela ukufa, i-ferr ngasese ishiye imali enkulu.
Icandelo loMphathiswa kunye feat
Emva kweMoscow, le ndoda yafikelela kwimonki yeSolovetsky, apho yaba yi-novice. I-boyar ikwindawo enye kunye nenye i-firewood yombane, imba umhlaba. Emva kweminyaka eyi-1.5, i-igume ka-Alexy Tessh Fedor kwiimonki, enika igama elinguPhilip. Njengomcebisi wokomoya, indoda endala ye-Iyon yenziwa. Ngo-1548, uAlesy wala iSan ngenxa yobudala kwaye wabiza uMolishe ongumva onguFilipu.Emva konyulo lwe-igumen entsha ye-solovetsky ye-votschev yaseKolychev iphuculwe kakhulu ebomini boluntu. Ke, phantsi kobunkokeli bakhe, izakhiwo zakhiwe ngeemfuno zoqoqosho nezamashishini, ii-mills, i-castherarals ye-USpensfuse kunye nezakhiwa. Kwiimonki zenze iiseli ezintsha nakwizibhedlele. Ukongeza, iintsimbi zaqala ukusebenzisa iintsimbi.
UPhilip wabandezeleka kwiCarike yasePorobrazensky ye-Saint Zesima kunye neSavvatiya. Imifanekiso ephilayo ye-ofisi nganye yabasebenzi ababebhalelwe, kwaye i-Ivan Ivan Grozny yathumela izithuba ezi-2 kwi-crayfish yazo. I-weumen yayihlala isuswa kwiimonki ukuya entlango ukuba ithandaze. Kukho ibali lelo suku ngenye imini kwakukho uMsindisi kwisithsaba se-tern. Kwindawo yentlanganiso, kwavuka intwasahlobo, apho iKolychev yamisa kamva i-chapel.
Ngexesha lokufumana indoda kwimo yemeko ye-Redtor, inani leminikelo yeemonki inyuke. Ke, uIvan IV wazisa inani elikhulu lomhlaba, lavumela urhwebo lwasimahla lwetyuwa. Ithunyelwe apha kunye neZixhobo zeCawe ezixabisekileyo. Ngo-1551, uFilipu wathatha inxaxheba etatariweyo, apho wafumana icawa yecawa ye-vesting evela kukumkani.
Ixesha lonyulo lweMescow Metropolitan yayifanelekile. Ngexesha umfaki-sicelo oyintloko, i-Archbishop Herman, wangena kwi-Grozny, kuba andivumelani nezopolitiko zokumkani. Ngo-1566, ivan IV ebizwa ngokuba yiPhilip Kolychev kwiMoscow kwaye iphakanyisiwe eyamkelayo iSan.
Watsho ukuba uza kuvuma koku emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwe-Ekrichnina. Ukumkani wayengazukuhamba mvume kwi-Igume, kwaye akwaziyo ukuphembelela ukweyisela i-Fyocode Stepanovich ukuba anikezele umlawuli.
Kwimeko entsha, umntu wafuna ukuxelisa umfanekiso weMetropolitan Makaria, owayehamba i-grozny ebukumkanini. Ngokuzithoba kuFilipu, kwakungekho kuphela iMoscow diocese, kodwa necawe yaseRussia. Ixesha lobulungiseleli bakhe laqatshelwa ngokuhla kwenani lokubulawa kwemali ekhutshelwa kwikomkhulu, kunye nophuhliso lweTypography. Imeko itshintshile ngo-1568, ekupheleni kwephulo loku-1 leLivonia.
Ukusukela kwicala lokumkani, kwaqala ukugqogqa ngokoyikiso, kuyaqhubeka ukubulawa kwabantu. Iziganeko zakhokelela kwi-agesty yongquzulwano phakathi kwabafundisi abambi nabasesiRashiya. IKolychev iyaqhubeka nokulandela ngqo umbono wokungakwazi ukukhona kobukho be-oprichnin. Emva kwe-turgy ivan iv, ukuza kunqula, wabuza uPhitipu weeNtsikelelo. Wazenza ngathi akamphawuli uMlawuli. Esi senzo seMetropolia sabangela ingqumbo kakumkani.
Ngosuku olulandelayo, uninzi lweendawo ezininzi zaseKlychev zenziwa, zacwangciswa ukuba zilungiselelwe ukwenzela ukuqaphela malunga nezicwangciso "ezingaguqukiyo" zeCawa yaseRussia nxamnye necawa yaseRussia. I-Fyodor Stepanovich ishiye imali enkulu. Kungekudala iKhomishini yafika kwi-Solovetsky Monastery ukuba iqokelele amaxwebhu "okuqokelelwa" ngokuchasene nabantu ababekho.
NgoNovemba 8, 1568, ngexesha lobulungiseleli beFerdovich kwitempile yeKrerlin yeTeder SERROREAnov ibhengeze iMetropolitan Sana. Inkundla yecawa yenzeka phezu kukaFilipu. Ngokweziphumo zentlanganiso, umntu wabekwa phantsi kweyona ndoda yase-Epiphhany. Imithombo ebhaliweyo iyagcinwa, ebonisa ukuba i-Grozny yayifuna ukutshisa iKolychev. Eyona nto inokwenzeka, abefundisi batyholwa ngobugqwirha.
Nangona kunjalo, abameli babefundisi bayamxhasa uMlawuli. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva, ixhego laziswa eMoscow lokubhengezwa kwesigwebo sokugqibela- isiphelo esingunaphakade. Indawo yokuvalelwa okwethutyana yayiyimoyakazi yaseNikola yakudala.
Ukufa
Emva kwexesha, uPhilip wagxothwa kwi-tever i-thestory ye-god. Ngo-1569, uIvan IV waqala ukulungiselela iphulo leNovarod. Ukuze intsikelelo yemikhosi, ukumkani wathumela kwi-malyutu egqityiweyo yaseMatutu. Ngokutsho kwemithombo ethile, umfundisi wala ukuzalisekisa umnqweno womlawuli, kwaye lakrokreleka kuye.
I-Ablot yendlu yoonomanshelo yommandla wase-Killer yathi indoda endala yasweleka, njengoko yayishushu kakhulu kwiseli. Ababhali-mbali badibana kangangokuba ukubulala kweMetropolitan yayingumboniso we-Grozny. I-skiratov ayikwazanga ukwenza inkohliso enje ngenjongo yayo, kwaye emva kokuba ingohlwaywa.
bucala ngasekunene
Ngo-1591, iminyaka emininzi emva kokusweleka kukaPhilip II, amandla akhe wangcwatywa kwi-PremozyChedy ye-Solokenks ye-Solovetsky. Kwangelo xesha, impilo yokuqala yabefundisi iyabonakala, kwaye imini yozuko njengoko ingcwele ibizwa ngokuba yiJanuwari 9. Ngentwasahlobo ye-1646 Tsar, Alexey Mikhailovich kunye nosolusapho uYosefu wathumela i-emulsion kwi-moscow yeMetropoli yeMetropolon kunye neRussia kwi-Russia kumhlaza ekuvaleni umhlaza.Kwi-1650th Ivan Kolychev yanikela ngezixhobo zemonastery kwikhava kuMhlaza wesalamane sesalamane. Ngenjongo efanayo, i-Pkrov yathunyelwa apha, yenziwa kwindibano yocweyo ye-Evakia Schorneva. Emva kweminyaka emi-2, ukumkani wayalela amadlelane eMoscow. Usolusapho nikon wafika ngexesha lesiqwengana. Ngokwesicelo sabasebenzi balapha, washiya inxenye ye-Slovki, enye inzuzo yakhe kwikomkhulu.
Kuyo yonke indlela, abathunywa uAlexei Mikhailovich bahlala nomhlaza etempileni kwaye kunye neqela elikhulu lamakholwa lalingumthandazo. EMoscow, kumsitho wokubuya kukaNikon ngexabisekileyo "emphethelweni", inkohliso yacwangciswa. NgoJulayi 1952, umhlaza uphuthile kwi-castheration. Ngaphezulu kwengcwaba elibekiweyo i icon kunye noCee.
I-Philip II kwiNkcubeko
Umfanekiso weSaint of Moscow wakhankanywa rhoqo ngenkcubeko. Ke, kwisicatshulwa senoveli, uAlexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy Prince Silver, ingoma ixelela ingoma exelela i-Phili Mayatov skratov. Uhambo "Uhambo oluya eIlands" lazisa abafundi beminyaka yokugqibela yobomi beFyodor Stepanovich kwimo yemoyisa, ngaphambi kokuba abe yiMetropolitan.
Ubuntu beKolychev bubonakalisiwe kwi-cinema. Umfanekiso we-Metropolitan uvela kwifilimu 1944 "Ivan Grozny" Mlawuli wase-Sergei Eisenstein. Umfanekiso kaPavel Lungin "Tsar" uxela ngokungxama kwabefundisi kunye nomlawuli waseRussia. Umfanekiso wengcwele kunye nokupeyinta kuyavela. Umzekelo, kwimifanekiso kaNikolai Nereva, Alexander Litovchenko.