Imbali yomlinganiswa
I-TOVIT (ugxininiso kwi-syllable yesibini) -impawu zebhayibhile ekhankanywe kwincwadi engeyiyo ye-sunoning, eyinxalenye yeTestamente Endala. Abaphandi abalufumani ubungqina obuqinisekileyo bokubhalwa, nangona kukholelwa ukuba lo msebenzi ubhalwe liqhawe.Imbali yendalo yempawu
Ngenxa yokumcaphukisa kwi-West Bank yoMlambo iJordani, abembi bezinto zakudala bafumana iziqwenga zencwadi yeTobit kunye neelwimi ezingamaJudi. Iingcali zebhayibhile ziqinisekile ukuba eyona nto yadalwa kwisiAramiki, nangona kungekho bungqina ngokuthe ngqo.
Ukuguqulelwa kombhalo obhaliweyo kulwimi lwesiLatin kukho uSofdia ngu-Eussia Jeronim. Emva koko wanyanzelisa ukuba lo msebenzi webhayibhile kukukhuphela ngaphandle kuluhlu lweencwadi ze-canonical. Kude kube ixesha lethu, izinto esikhethwa ngayo ngeNguqulelo yeGrike kwiinguqulelo ezintathu zafikelelwa.
Umsebenzi kaJerome, othi, njengoko ukholelwayo, yayisekwe kumthombo wokuqala, qaphela inguqulelo yombhali. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, umbhali wecawa wenza izimvo ezininzi kunye notshintsho.
Njengalo ixesha lokutsalwa, incwadi ye-tovite kuthiwa iye yabhalwa kwinkulungwane ye-BC. NS. Kunye nelungu lomntu, lo mbuzo uphakame kakhulu. Kukwacingelwa ukuba lo mbhalo-mbhalo udalwe ngomnye umntu kwindawo ye-Archangel Rafail.
Ngobuchwephesha kunye ne-Orthodoxy, yinxalenye yeTestamente Endala, kodwa ithathwa njenge-no-panon. Kodwa kwibhayibhile yamaYuda ayisiyo, umsebenzi ubalwa e-Aposkrifam, nakubantu baseProtestanti.
Ngayiphi na imeko, le ncwadi lilitye elibalulekileyo lembali apho ulwazi malunga nemeko yabantu abangamaSirayeli ekuthinjweni kweAsiriya ekugcineni. Imiphumo ibonakalisiwe ngaphandle kwaye ngaphakathi: Ukwehla kokuziphatha kwagqitywa, unqulo-zithixo lwenzeka.
Injongo yomsebenzi ngumzekelo wokubonakalayo wobomi bukaPembe yokubonisa ukubaluleka kokuzukisa uThixo, ubuhle kunye nomonde. Ngokuhambelana, isicatshulwa sombhalo-ngqangisi asiphulukanga ukubaluleka. Iicawa zootata zibongoza le ncwadi, zonwabele iikowuti kwiintshumayelo kwaye zivule ukutolikwa kwenyani yomsebenzi osindisayo.
Imifanekiso kunye ne-biography tudita
Umlinganiswa ophambili wahlulwa bubulungisa kunye nobomi obuthobeka. Kuthethela ekuthinjweni, andimlibalanga uThixo, ndithandaza kuMdali. Kwakukho iimvavanyo ezininzi kwikamva legorha, liqala ngentshutshiso nguMlawuli waseAsiriya nasekuphelisweni ngobumfama.Ekuqaleni, le ndoda yayisisityebi, yarhweba kwaye izamile ukunceda ekuceleni ukutya nempahla. Kwakhona, umYuda okhohlakeleyo wangena ekungcwabeni. Ngaba ukumkani waseAsiriya wagweba ukuba afe. Kwanyanzeleka ukuba azifihle, kodwa kwangaxeshanye akayekanga ukwenza okuhle kwabanye.
Ibali liqala ukusuka kumzuzu ka-Anna lilungiselele isidlo sangokuhlwa seqhawe. I-Tovit, wayibona itafile egqubweyo, yabuza kunyana kaThariya ukuya ngaphandle, ikhuphe amahlwempu ukuba bahlule ukutya naye.
UTovia waphulaphula utata wakhe, kodwa wabuya enamantshontsho alusizi - kwenye yezitrato ezibeka umYuda ukuqhuma. Intloko yosapho ayizange itye iintlekele, kodwa yaya, yathatha umzimba umntu, umngcwabile yena kuwo onke amasiko.
Emva kokungaphupha ngokungena kwikhaya lam, njengoko besebubi, ngenxa yoko balala eyadini. Igorha alizange liqaphele ukuba ukuvela kweentaka zawa emehlweni akhe, kwaye ngentsasa elandelayo.
Kwakunzima ukuphila usapho, akukho namnye kuba ogqirha abakwaziyo ukubuyisela umbono wendoda. Umlingane wazama ngalo lonke ilizwe lakhe - Shen uboya, kuba ifumene intlawulo. Nje ukuba umntu obhinqileyo agoduke ngebhokhwe. I-tobovit ayizange isisivuyise isipho kwaye ifunwa liqabane lokubuyisela isilwanyana. UAnna waphendula, eqinisekile ukuba lo ngumvuzo wokuziphatha kakuhle. Kwaye ke iqhawe lalilila, lichitha uxolelo lwezono.
Kwakukho ixesha, konke kubi ngokutya. Ndikhumbula utata kaTovia malunga nesilivere, eyanikelwa imali mboleko kuHaaila. Le ndoda yagqiba kwelokuba ithumele unyana wakhe kuhambo olude ukuya eMishiy Ragie. Kodwa wayalela umfana ukuba azithabathe ngokwakhe lowo uhamba nabo.
I-Tovia yafumana iqabane elizazisa njenge-azaria evela kwi-genunia evela. Ndisikelele intloko yabo yosapho, behla. Akanguye nomnye noNyana babesazi ukuba malunga nendlela yayingenguye omnye umntu onjenge-Archangli. Wayiva imithandazo yeNtloko yoSapho, kunye nentombazana engathandekiyo kaSara, obhubhileyo osweleka emtshatweni, kwaye wagqiba kwelokuba ancede zombini.
Uhambo lwajika lwaya kudala, kodwa luphumelele. Ingelosi yakhokelela kwi-Tovia kwindlu ka-rabili, utata uSarra, kwaye wavuma ukuba ngumtshato omncinci. Emva koko wafundisa abasandul 'ukutshata, indlela yokugxotha idemon, injalo. Uye eHawaila wazeka isilivere.
I-raguil yorhwebo yavalelwa. UAna wangcwatyelwa ngonyana wakhe ngengqondo, akazange alale ebusuku, engakholelwa ukuba uza kubuya aphile. Kwavakala imithandazo kayise nonina, kwaye kwafika uTovia wasekhaya akazange ahlanjululwe, kodwa nenkosikazi yakhe, amatshene nesilivere nesilivere.
Ngapha koko, uTudita, umfana othile waphilisa ubumfama, ehlikihla amehlo akhe ngeentlanzi. Wambulela umntu kaThixo ukuba axolelwe, asindiswe, abeke esweni, ukuba ahlawule no-Azariyo. Kwabanjalo batyhila ubuntu bakhe kwaye wohlwaya uyise kunye nokunyamekela uOyena Uphakamileyo kwaye abhale ngemimangaliso yencwadi.
Izahluko ezi-2 zokugqibela zombhalo obhaliweyo zinomyalezo kubantu abavela kuMbhali, apho umYuda othembekileyo udla ubomi kwiminqophiso, musani ukonile kwaye uyibuyisela inceba kaThixo.
I-Tovit kwinkcubeko
Amagcisa kwiRenaissance i-Itali abhenela kwicebo lebhayibhile. Imifanekiso ebonisa unyango lwangaboniyo bahlala beyalela abo babandezeleka kwakwisifo esifanayo ngethemba lokuba iya kubuya umbono.
Iinjongo zasebenzisa ezo ntleyithe zidume njengoRafael, uTita kunye neBotticelli. Umculi wase-Italir Strrozzy UBernardo wabhala "unyango" (1632), ebonisa oko kwimizuzwana embalwa ukuya kummangaliso. Emfanekisweni, umbhali unikela ingqalelo kwiimvakalelo - ixesha lokulinda kuBawo, oloyikisayo lika-Ana. Ixhala Aura ladlulisa ngokugqibeleleyo ngombala ongaqhelekanga kunye nokuhlengahlengiswa kwe-canvas.
Umculi we-Dutch Armbrandt Wang Rhine wayithimba enye indawo awayeyikhusela umfazi kuyo ibhokhwe. Ifoto "Tovit kunye no-Anna nge-yagnenk" yomhla we-1626-1627 iminyaka. Igorha eliyimfama lihlala lihleli, lisonga izandla zakhe sinomthandazo. Amehlo akhe angayiboni ukukhanya kuqwalaselwa kuThixo-umntu woyika ukuba iqabane lakho lathabatha isono esisekupheleni kosenyangweni.
Omnye umfanekiso we-rembrandt ubonakalisa ulindelo olumnandi lwabazali bakhe - bakwintlanganiso kunye nonyana okuphela kwakhe. Ubumnyama bezindlu zikhanyiselwe ukukhanya kwelanga ukusuka kwifestile, ezifuzisela ithemba likatata ukubona indlalifa ukuba iphile. Namhlanje yi-canvas ibekwe kwiZiko leMyuziyam yaseBoians - Wang Bengenna eRotterdam.
Emfanekisweni "ingelosi Rifail ishiya iTovita kunye nosapho lwayo" Indoda yawa emadolweni, enkosi iLeviy yasezulwini.
Iinyani ezinomdla
- Icebo malunga ne-sarre kunye ne-asmade, amadoda entombazana enzima, ayesetyenziswa nguMikhail Yurevich Lermonic phesheil kwi "Deemon".
- Intsingiselo yegama lomlinganiswa osebhayibhileni "ulungile."
- Ngokutsho kolunye lweenguqulelo, umngcwabo wesidumbu une-Corpses ehambelana nesizathu "somntu ofileyo" ofileyo, owawulandelwa ngentsomi yaseRussia.
Iikowuti
"Akalusizi ... uya kuza usempilweni, amehlo akho aya kumbona, kuba uya kuba yingelosi elungileyo; Indlela yayo iya kuba neentloni, kwaye uya kubuyeladla ubomi "" Uwulandela umthetho nemiyalelo kwaye ube yinto yokuthanda kwaye ulungile ukuba ulungile kuwe. Ndimhle, nonyoko wakho kunye nam, emva koko ungahlali eNinevia "I-Bibliography
- I-II yenkulungwane ye-BC E-"Incwadi yeTovita"