Biography
I-Waclav Gavel inokungena kwibali njengombhali, ukugxeka nokudlala, kodwa umsebenzi wakhe wezopolitiko wawuqaqamba kangangokuba wakreqa. Ukupasisa indlela enzima yomlo kunye nolawulo kunye nediski, uthathe isitulo sikaMongameli kwiRiphabliki yakhe yaseCzech, eyayiyindoda engaphezu kwe-10.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-HoSCLAV yazalwa ngo-Okthobha 5, 1936 ePrague. Intsapho ye-gult yayisisityebi kwaye inempembelelo. Utat'omkhulu wenkwenkwe wakhela ubukumkani bonke kwikomkhulu, ebandakanya izifundo zefilimu, izakhiwo zokutyela kunye nezakhiwo zokuhlala. Ipropathi emininzi yokuthengiswa kwezindlu yoluntu yongeze kwaye utata, ongowonye umntakwabo wayekhethelwe ekwakheni. Ukutshata iWayy Bowy, indoda yafumana oonyana ababini - uIvan wazalwa emva kwendawo.
Izihlobo ze-Adl kwi-SATL kumgca woomama zazinzima: Utat'omkhulu wahlekisa iphephandaba kwaye wabamba i-roiplomating kwindlu yozakuzo yase-Austro-Hungarian, kwaye kamva waba ngumphathiswa we-fataganda.
Kwiminyaka eyi-6, isithuba saya esikolweni, kwaye ngeli xesha coca kwiminyaka yobudala yaseJamani yeCzechoslovakia. Ngo-1947, watshintsha isikolo sokukhwela esikolweni ngenxa yenkedama yabafana kwiMfazwe yeMfazwe. Umgaqo-nkqubo wexesha elizayo wathatha apho, ngaphandle kwento yokuba usapho lwe-Gvel lwaluphila kwaye lusempilweni kwaye umntwana wayekwimeko yendalo ebalaseleyo.
Nangona kunjalo, bekungakwenzi ukuba ufunde ixesha elide: Ngo-1948, amaKomanisi alawula elizweni, kwaye usapho olutyebileyo lwalulingana nabachasi bolawulo. Ipropathi yahluthwa, kwaye inkwenkwe yayingafakwanga esikolweni. Ixesha elinzima laqala apho umfana othile agqibe kwelokuba akwazi ukwenza umsebenzi welebhu yomchiza. Wafumana imfundo esikolweni, ngokuhambelana nokutyelela indawo yokuzivocavoca kwangokuhlwa, emva koko usebenze kwilebhu edityanisiweyo nezifundo kwiYunivesithi yaseCzech yePrague.
Ngo-1957, kangangeminyaka emi-2, ishiywe ishiywe emkhosini, emva koko kwafuneka isebenze kwindawo yeqonga leholo. Umfana wasungulwa, owayelimi nje njengomphathi woncedisi, kwaye ekugqibeleni wagqiba kwelokuba aqale ukudlala ukubhala. Ngexesha lo ndoda sele inamava okugxekwa koncwadi, ebezise ukuba ahambisane ngodumo oluthile.
Ubomi Buqu
Imigaqo-nkqubo yobomi bakho yazinza ebutsheni bakhe. Ndikunye nenkosikazi yexesha elizayo, i-olga shrithalova i-goarlav yadibana ngo-1953. Intombazana ever kunye nezimeleyo evela kumahlelo asebenzayo yayimdala kunaye umntu kangangeminyaka emi-3, kodwa ayizange ibe ngumqobo kwinovesi yabo. Ukutshata, bobabini basebenza kwindawo yemidlalo yeqonga kwaye banciphise iziphelo zeqonga, kodwa uthando lwabo lwakufuneka lusinde ngakumbi kuvavanyo olukhulu.Ukuthatha inxaxheba kuqhanqalazo, ukumamela amagumbi okuncinwa, ukubanjwa kwendoda kunye nezifo zilandelayo - yonke leOlga yayinengxaki yokuqina kwaye inesidima ngaphandle kwento yokuphulukana nangokulahleka. Nokuba umyeni wayengasoloko esala ethembekile, iqabane libandezelekile kwaye, yenzekile, ngokwakhe wathanda amanye amadoda.
Ngo-1994, kwaziwa ukuba inenekazi lokuqala leRiphabliki yaseCzech yagula. Emva kweminyaka emibini yokulwa u-Olga, unobangela wokufa waba ngumhlaza. Amaqabane ayengenanyana. Umntwana okhulisayo owuthathayo wase-Adl wafunyanwa ngo-1997, utshata i-Czech vermer Dagkrnova.
Umsebenzi kunye nobuchule
Ngeminyaka yee-1960, imisebenzi yeWaclav yapapashwa. Umdlalo wakhe "Iholide egadini" wabekwa kwinqanaba lemidlalo yeqonga kwaye wafumana ukwamkelwa kwelizwe liphela. Kwangelo xesha, umbhali wayenzima kwilizwe lakhe waza wawa phantsi komsebenzi.
Le ndoda yabhala le ncwadi, apho wabonakalisa ukuba ucinga kunye nesithandi-sobulumko. I-EXSEY "Amandla angenamandla" anokubizwa ngokuba yisoftware, kuba oko kwamiselwa kwangaphambili indlela ye-Adlie, ethi ilungelelanise indlela ye-Adlie, eyokuhla kwegazi, ngaphandle kokuphalaza igazi elinye, eliye lahlala namashumi eminyaka phantsi kolawulo lwe Irejimeni yangaphandle.
Ukuqala imisebenzi yezopolitiko phakathi kwiminyaka yoopolitiko ngo-1960, igumbi lesithuba lalijoyine iingxondorha, kwaye emva kokuhlaselwa kwemikhosi yeWarsaw eCzechoslovakia ngo-1968 kwaye kuyo yonke igunya elingalawuleki kunye negunya lobuKomanisi. Ukukhuthaza izimvo zedemokhrasi yasentshona, isahlulo saba ngumququzeleli wentshukumo ephikisayo elizweni. Oku kwalandelwa ngentshutshiso elininzi, ukubanjwa nentolongo.
Lilonke, ekuqukunjelwe, uCzech wachitha phantse iminyaka emi-5. Ukubanjwa kokugqibela kwenzeke ngo-1989, emva koko, emva kokuba leliphi ixesha 'lwe-velvet holssal ", kwithuba eliphi na abameli abangama-23 iqela lePalamente yePalamente. Kwakukho utshintsho olucacileyo kwi-ajenda yezopolitiko, kwaye ngolo hlobo lonyulo lukaMongameli, abafundi aba-2 baqwalaselwe kakhulu - uAlexander Dubchek kunye ne-goldlav gevel. Nge-29 kaDisemba, le yokugqibela yayinyulwe ngokungathandanyelweyo uMongameli Czechoslovakia.
Ngayo, imikhosi yaseSoviet yasungulwa kweli lizwe, yaye ngo-1993, iRiphabliki yaseCzech yaba lilizwe elizimeleyo. Kwaye uMongameli wokuqala weRiphabhlikhi ye-Czecral Czech yanyulwa i-gevel. Le ndoda yayibambe le posi 2 yegama ngokulandelelana, kwiminyaka yeBhodi ehambelana neeNtloko zeHlabathi njengeBill Clinton, uLech Valen Yeltsin. Wawela noVladimir Spin, ulawulo lwalo olubizwa kude kwidemokhrasi.
Ipolitiki yacebisa ukuthintela ukungakhathali kunye nokungakhathali kunye nokwenza inkcaso yengqondo. Ibinzana lakhe elivela kudliwanondlebe esithi "zingcono iminyaka emihlanu yeempazamo ezingaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50 ye-sabotage" yaba sisiko lemoya elithi akoyiki ukuzithemba kwezopolitiko.
Ukufa
Impilo kaMongameli kaCzech yajongwa phantsi xa zisenzeka. Ngo-1996, i-Hasl ilahlekile isiqingatha somphunga, kwaye kamva sasinda okwangoku. Iminyaka edlulileyo yobomi, indoda yayiphantsi koogqirha, njengoko iingxaki ngeendlela zokuphefumla zazikhulile. Nge-18 kaDisemba ngo-2011, ipolisi yayingeyo.I-Waclav ingcwatywe kwicandelo le-ntsapho yamangcwaba amangcwaba, kwaye ilahleko yakhe yayimenzelwanga ngamandla ngamaxesha amathathu. Ukugweba ngefoto yelitye, uthuli kwezopolitiko luphumle engcwabeni elinye nomfazi wokuqala.
Imemori
- I-bimografies kaMongameli wokuqala weRiphabliki yaseCzech inikelwe kwincwadi ye-Ivan Belyaeva "gold Rovel. Ubomi kwimbali. "
- Ukuhlonipha ipolisi ngo-2012, isikhululo sepiloguyi kwathiywa igama.
- Ukuhlonipha ukubaluleka kwegugudeni yangaphambili, i-Fund yamaLungelo oluNtu esekwe ibhaso elinikezwe ngabaqhankqalazi.
- Igama le-Adl yindawo ePrague naseBoulevard eUkraine.