Biography
Iinkqubo zikaCharles Free, isithandi sobulumko esiFrentshi kunye ne-XVII IXesha Eliqhelekileyo, musa ukubaluleka. Ukuba ngummeli oqaqambileyo we-Utopiy, inzululwazi iphakamise izimvo, ixesha elikhokelayo. Ke, indoda kwinkqubela phambili yesayensi ithathele ingqalelo amalungelo abasetyhini, waba ngumbhali wegama elithi "femism".Ubuntwana noLutsha
UFrancois Marie Charles 48 wazalwa nge-7 ka-Epreli, 1772 e-Agnsson. Utata wabarhwebi ngorhwebo kwaye wayenethemba lokufumana indlalifa uya kuqhubeka neshishini losapho. Nangona kunjalo, inkwenkwana yatsala i-ART, kunokuba yeyakho.
Ebuntwaneni, uCharles, nangona kunjalo, wayefuna ukuba yinjineli, kodwa ngabantwana bobungangamsha basiwa kwisikolo sobunjineli basemkhosini. Emva kwexesha, ukucinga kuphawu ukuba wayenombulelo ongazenzisiyo kwisibakala sokuba kwibhayiloji yakhe yebhayoloji kwakungekho ndawo yokuba yindawo yeSayensi yeeNzululwazi: iya kuhlutha ixesha lezentlalo ixesha lokunceda ubuntu.
Emva kokusweleka kukaTata, kufuneka ukuba umsebenzi unendlela yokubakho. Indoda ifudukelwe e-Bensonson eLyon, emva koko yafunyanwa ngokwakhe kunye nezinye iidolophu zaseFrance. Ulutsha lwabo babhabelwa lwalufuna umfana wesikolo sobomi. Uphononongo lwentengiso ngokuziqhelanisa kwenza ukuba ikwazi ukuchaza kwixesha elizayo amaqela ayo amangaphi amangalisayo kwimibhalo.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngasemfihlo, i-ofisi yezentlalontle ayizange ifumane ulonwabo losapho. Iintsuku zeveki uBachelor wacacisa amaqabane akhe athembekileyo - iikati. Ukongeza, uthando lwe-tiv le-tiv ithanda ukuwa. Kwimeko enjalo, iminyaka yobomi bomphengululi baphumelela. Mhlawumbi ungavumi ukutshata, indoda yabonisa ukuba ilawule esidlangalaleni kumalungelo nenkululeko yamanenekazi. Kule misebenzi, irediyo yezentlalontle igxininise rhoqo ukuba umtshato wesintu wayeyingcwaba lomfazi.Umsebenzi wesayensi
Embindini weemfundiso ze-utopic i-utoopism i-4ier 4imeko ye-falansortem. Ngaphantsi kwayo, iSayensi iyiqonda ibhotwe loluntu, apho abahlali bemanyene kwibala. I-chalange iquka i-1600-1800 yabasebenzi abaninzi kunye nokuxhamla. Ngexesha lobomi bakhe, isithandi-sobulumko khange sifumane imali yokuhlela le projekthi. Esi sakhiwo kwakufuneka sidibanise iinkalo zobomi basezidolophini nasezilalini.
Kwisicwangciso sobufazi, i-falanet iquka iinxalenye ezintathu - amaphiko aphakathi nekufuphi. Kwintsimi ephambili apho bekukho i-canteens, amagumbi aphilayo, kunye namagumbi engqesho. Iphiko lokuqala lenzelwe ukubekwa koomasifundisane kunye nabantwana, oko kukuthi, izithuba ezizenzayo zinengxolo.
Okwesibini kwakhonza amanqaku ehotele. Iquka iibhola zeebhola, iindawo ezintlanganisweni neendwendwe. Ukuza ngexesha lebhotwe loluntu, kwakuyimfuneko ukuhlawula isixa esithile. Le mali yayikwi-fallanga kulandelayo kwi-Ofisi kaNondyebo.
Ngaphandle komanyano lwabasebenzi, ubunini babucala kunye nokungalingani kukarhulumente kuhlala kwi-chalanx. Abantu abanikezwe abantu abaphantsi komgangatho ongaphezulu, ukuphumla kuya kuba namagumbi asezantsi. Abantu bakhetha basebenza ngokusekelwe kwiminqweno yabo, umdla kunye namathuba. Eyona nto iphambili kuyonwabisa.
Ukujonga umthombo wabo bonke unomsindo kwaye uwadibanisa ngokungazenzisiyo namaJuda, kulungiselelwe ukuba bathumele abameli baba bantu kwimisebenzi yezolimo kwi-fallaaster. Ekupheleni kobomi bakhe, umFrentshi wakhe wenza ukubuya kwabathengisi abangamaYuda ukuya ePalestina. Emva koko, abaphathi bebhargrafe babizwa ngokuba yingcali yezentlalo nengcali kunye nezenkolo-wimi, kodwa hayi ubuhlanga.
Ukususa imfuno yorhwebo lwasekhaya, isithandi-sobulumko sicebisa oku kulandelayo kubahlali. Imisebenzi kufuneka ikhethwe ngabantu ngokungqinelana nokhetho lwakho, nokuba sisini kunye nobudala. Uhlobo olukhethiweyo lwabasebenzi olufunyenweyo kumbhali inkcazo "uthotho loLungise".
Emini, umntu unokutshintsha inani lengcelele-eyona nto iphambili kwiiklasi kwaye azizange zinikezele. Ivelise izinto, iimpahla zincitshisiwe kwindawo yokugcina. Ukusuka apha, amalungu eFasalangi angathatha into abayifunayo. Kwangelo xesha, nganye yabemi yayingumnini weemveliso zabo zomsebenzi, ukuqala nabantwana beminyaka emi-4,5.
Yazisa inzala kunye nezimvo ezihlanganisiweyo zefilosofi. Le ndoda yayikholelwa ukuba abazali abangama-"impucuko" nabafundisi-ntsapho bazigqala iintsana abanazo ii-idler, kwaye babona impazamo ekuqondeni. Inzululwazi yayikholelwa ukuba abantwana babeneminyaka emalunga ne-2-3 ubudala basebenza nzima kwaye banokuthatha inxaxheba kumsebenzi odibeneyo waseFasalangi, kunjalo, ngokuhambelana neempawu zobudala.
Ngomxholo wezabasebenzi, umphandi wadibanisa imibuzo yobudlelwane phakathi kwezesondo, ithathele ingqalelo iingxaki zomtshato. U-4ier ubanga ukuba iintlanganiso zamantombazana nabafana abancinci kwiindawo zokusebenza ziya kubandakanya ukugqitywa komtshato. Emtshatweni, isithandi-sobulumko sasingayiboni imfuneko. Umfo waseFransi uthathele ingqalelo: abantu abaselula batshintshe amaqabane aliqela ngaphambi kokudala usapho, kwaye ukuba bafumene imeko yendoda nomfazi, abanyanzelekanga ukuba bahlale benyanisekile omnye komnye.
UCharles ubambe imiba yamalungelo abantu. Ingcali yezentlalontle yayikholelwa ukuba banokusebenzisa imisebenzi ngokusekelwe kubuchule kunye neemfuno zabo. Ukubona ubuntu "kwintsimi ebuthathaka", hayi isiqingatha sesibini sendoda, iSayensi igxininise ukuba umtshato wesintu utshutshisiwe kubafazi. Ukongeza, u-4ier wangazange akhanyele kwimibutho yesondo efanayo.
Ngo-1808, umFrentshi wapapasha incwadi ethi "Ithiyori yentshukumo emine kunye nekamva yendalo iphela, echaza ezinye izimvo ezintsha. Emsebenzini, wagxeka inkqubo yentlalo yeXviii inkulungwane, wachaza imifanekiso yoMbutho wexesha elizayo. Kwintliziyo yendalo iphela, isithandi-sobulumko sabela iintshukumo ezine ezazinokunceda ubuntu ukuze bahambe kwiziphithiphithi kwezentlalo kwimvisiswano yehlabathi.
Ukufa
I-Social-Utopist yasweleka nge-10 ka-Okthobha, 1837. Inzululwazi yangcwatyelwa kumangcwaba eMontMarte, apho amangcwaba amanye amangcwaba endawo. Unobangela wokufa akafakwanga.I-Bibliography
- I-1803 - "I-Continental Traineration kunye nehlabathi laphakade elineminyaka engamashumi amathathu"
- I-1808 - "ithiyori yentshukumo emine kunye nenqanaba lendalo"
- Ngo-1822 - "Unyango kwikhaya kunye noMbutho wezoLimo"
- 1822 - "Intengiso yeLizwe elitsha"
- Ngo-1827 - "iJografic Mnemomoc"
- Ngo-1836 - "Ushishino lobuxoki"