Biography
I-Bashar Assad - uMongameli weSiriya, esiya kwelizwe ukusukela ngo-2000. Le nyaniso ayifani wonke umntu kwilizwe lonke lentloko yentloko yelizwe nakwilizwe. Nangona kunjalo, kunyulo, ufumana uninzi lweevoti kwaye, ngaphandle kokwaliwa kwakhe kumanani akhe kuluntu lwaseYurophu, uyaqhubeka nokuphucula izicwangciso zokuphucula umgangatho wobomi kweli lizwe.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Bashar Bashar Hafez Al-Assad ngeKomkhulu 11, 1965 kwi-Syria ngokubanzi yomkhosi womoya waseSyria, kwaye kamva wawuseza ilizwe kunye IPROLI YOKUZIPHATHA. Umama wexesha elizayo uMongameli uAis Makhluf ungoyena ndoqo wendlu ka-Alewit Tribedadin waza wachitha ubomi bakhe bonke ekukhuliseni, njengoko uBawo wayengabikho kwimicimbi yombuso.
Imfundo ephambili i-Bashar Assad ifunyenwe kwiDamask Lyceum "Khurirria". Wayeyinto ekhutheleyo kwaye ekhuthele awayenayo ubuchule bokufunda iilwimi zasemzini. Emva kokuphumelela kwiLiyceum, isahluko se-Syria esadlulayo sangena kwiYunivesithi yaseDamascus kwindawo ye-Ophthalmology kwaye iphumelele kwiDiploma yakhe ebomvu.
Ukuba ugqirha oqinisekisiweyo, unyana welizwe owenza ngelo xesha, owathi ngalo lonke ixesha wayephupha ngomsebenzi kagqirha, waya kusebenza kwiSibhedlele kwidolophu yaseSyria.
Ngo-1991, uBhashar waya eLondon ukuba angene kwi-Internnip kwiZiko le-Ophthalmological esibhedlele saseSt. UMariya. Ephesheya, i-Assad yasebenza phantsi kwePsseunesm ukuze kungabikho mntu wayeza kufika eluntwini awayeza kuthatha. Kodwa ngo-1994, lo mfana waphosa izifundo zakhe kwaye esebenza e-UK wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe, njengomthi womkhulu wayo, lowo ulungiselelwe nguyise wabulawa kwingozi yemoto. I-Bathar kwafuneka ithathe indima yendlalifa ye-fun kwaye ishiye amaphupha amayeza ukuba ngumongameli welizwe.
Ukuqala komsebenzi wezopolitiko
Ukulungiselela iposi kaMongameli evela kwiBhashar Assad yaqala nge-Homm Academy, apho iinkokeli zasemkhosini zazikhokelele uqeqesho kuye. Ngokuhambelana noqeqesho lomkhosi, intloko ye-Syria yexesha elizayo yayibandakanyeka kwezopolitiko, yathatha iposi yomcebisi kuBawo.Uye wafumana iKomiti ye-Anti-PRORT kuRhulumente kunye nenkonzo yokhuseleko lwangaphakathi lweSiriya. Kwangelo xesha, i-bashar yongamela imiba yePolisi yoTyalo-mali yeLizwe, ekhuthaza umdla we-Syria "yaseSyria", phakathi kwawo abantwana bamagosa aphezulu kakhulu babandakanywa.
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba i-Bathar Assad yayingenabunjani kumgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle waseSiriya, wabandakanyeka kwimicimbi yaseSyria. Ukususela ngo-1999, uMongameli wexesha elizayo uqalile ukwenza ukhenketho kwezopolitiko emhlabeni kwaye athabatha udluliselo lwaphesheya esikhundleni sikatata. Ngenxa yemizamo yeBhashar ngo-1999, i-Intanethi yavela eSyria, kwaye ngo-2000 -indlela eselula.
Ke i-Assed ikwazile ukutshintsha umfanekiso wogqirha kwimigaqo-nkqubo enamandla, efanelekileyo nembeko kunabantu abaphumelele kwinkxaso enkulu phakathi kwabantu. Ke ngoko, emva kuka-2000, utata wakhe wasweleka ekungaphumlweni kwentliziyo, waba ngumgqatswa kuphela waseMongameli weSiriya.
UMongameli weSiriya
I-Biography yeBhashar Assad njengomongameli yelizwe yaqala ngalo mhla xa uHafezid wasweleka. IPalamente yelizwe yawutshintsha uMgaqo-siseko, ukunciphisa ubuncinci bomfundi kamongameli ukuze uBhashar wakwazi ukuba yintloko yeSiriya kwiminyaka yakhe engama-34. Ngemini elandelayo wanikwa isihloko senqaku le-lieuten, emva koko, ukongeza elizweni, lalikhokelwa ngumkhosi waseSyria. Kunyulo lukaMongameli, i-Assad ifumene amanqaku angaphezu kwe-97% yeevoti zabavoti, uninzi lwawo "ewe" lubeka igazi.
Kwiminyaka yokuqala yobunkokeli baseSyria, uMongameli wenza inkululeko yenkqubo yezopolitiko, amabanjwa opolitiko abe negalelo ekudalweni kweeforamu zezopolitiko, ukukhutshwa kwephephandaba lokuqala elizimeleyo. Kwakhona kwi-Ofisi kaMongameli yaseBhashar eDascus yavela kwiiyunivesithi ezingekho kurhulumente, imakethi yesitokhwe kunye neebhanki zabucala ezivuliweyo. Kwiminyaka emi-4, watshintsha iKhabhinethi yabaPhathiswa nge-15%, ukutshintsha amagosa omkhosi ngooMntu.
Ngo-2007, iBhodi iphelelwe lixesha, kodwa uAssad kwakhona waphumelela unyulo - waxhaswa ngama-97% abantu belizwe, kwaye i-Bathar yafumana amandla anamandla de kube ngu-2014. Kwikota yesibini ye-Ofisi kaMongameli, wajamelana nemiphumo yemfazwe yamakhaya, eyaqala ukuvutha i-Syria ngo-2011.
Kudliwanondlebe ngo-2014, uBashar Assad uqaphele ukuba "ixesha elibalulekileyo" laqala eSyria kwaye inkqubo yoxolelwaniso lweSizwe yaqala. Kwangelo xesha wabhengeza injongo yakhe yokubaleka kwikota yesithathu. Unyulo lwaseSyria lwalubanjelwe nge-3 kaJuni, 2014, uAssad u-Assad wafumana amanqaku phantse angama-89% eevoti zabavoti kwaye kwakhona waba nguMongameli.
Amazwe amaninzi aseNtshona akholelwa ukuba olu nyulo lukaMongameli lwalungekho semthethweni, kuba babeqhutywa kwimfazwe yamakhaya. Ngaphandle koku, uBhashar Assad waqhubeka esenza umkhosi karhulumente waseSyria kwaye wajongana nobugrogrisi, ephethe imvukelo kwihlabathi liphela. Olona tshaba luphambili lwe-Assad ngoku lujongwa njengeqela "leSilamc State", kunye nemikhosi eyasilwa kunye ne-US thinta i-United States, kodwa nezenzo zikarhulumente.
Udabi lasekuhlaleni
Umphezulu womkhosi awuzange unciphise indima yomkhosi. I-Islamic radicals yasebenzisa le meko, ethatha isigqibo sokuba amandla kaMongameli ebuthathaka.Ukuphendula, i-Assad "Spin i-Nati": Zikhuphe iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukusuka engafunekiyo, zazisa indlela ye-CS, ivale i-CS ye-CS, ivale i-media enqabileyo, ivinjwe inethiwekhi yoluntu. Uqhanqalazo oluninzi loLuntu lwakhokelela kwiMfazwe yamaKhaya. Inani lamazwe angaphandle alinyanzela ukurhoxa kukaBhahayi, ukukholelwa ukuba kuphela oku kungayeka ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, ngemali umkhosi wasimahla kunye neBhunga leSizwe, imisebenzi yakhe ejolise ekubhukeni urhulumente we-ASSED.
Uqhanqalazo oluninzi lwaqala kwilizwe lonke, iimfuno zotshintsho kwezopolitiko kunye nokupheliswa kwemeko yongxamiseko emva ngo-1963 kwabekwa phambili. UBhashar wathembisa ukuza kuzalisekisa zonke iimfuno zabantu, izulu lokurhoxa ngurhulumente, lasayina ummiselo wokupheliswa kwengxamiseko, kodwa ayincedi ukusombulula imeko.
Ekwasekwa eSyria, kwasekwa inkcaso, ezazivuselela amaProtestanti. Emva kokuba i-Bashar Assad yaqalisa ukufaka isicelo sokukhuphela kwabaqhankqalazi kwimikhosi yasemkhosini, wangena ekunganyamezelweni kwamazwe amaninzi aseYurophu. Umkhosi wamaSyria wasimahla kunye neBhunga lesiZwe, eyaba "ziziqhamo" zemisebenzi yamandla aphikisayo afuna ukuyibhokoxa ulawulo lwe-Assad.
Inkcaso ye-Syria kwaye ngoku ixhasa i-United States, United Kingdom, eTurkey, eSaudi Arabia, eFrance neQatar. Ngo-2013, ukungavisisani kuqalisa kwinkcaso ye-Syria, ngenxa yoko, iqela lamaqela agqithisiweyo enziwa ngokuchasene ne-SSA, equka umbutho onqamlezileyo onqatshelwe eRussia.
Le meko yayiyinto eninzi ngo-Agasti ka-2013, xa i-Media yavula iindaba malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zekhemikhali phantsi kweDamasko. IKhomishini ekhethekileyo ye-UN isekwe kuphela inyani yokuhlasela, kodwa ayibizanga abenzi bobubi. Kwinyanga kamva, intlanganiso yoMphathiswa wezangaphandle uSrgei Lavrov kunye noNobhala wase-American Kerry, owavumelana ngombono eSyria kwizakhiwo zekhemikhali. Umbutho wokugqibela wathunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe ekupheleni kukaJuni ka-2014, kodwa amabango entshona aye e-Assad akazange axhase.
Ukusebenza komkhosi waseRussia eSyria
NgoSeptemba ngo-2015, iDamasko yase-Domasko ibhengeza iVladimir Sutin Spin ngesicelo sokubonelela ngoncedo lomkhosi kumlo wokulwa namaqela agcweleyo. Emva kokuba i-Cothuge ivume imvume yokusebenzisa izixhobo zaseRussia kunye ne-thermadly phesheya, iSebe lezeNtsebenzo leRussia Federation yaqala ukusebenza okhethekileyo eSyria. Injongo yokuthatha inxaxheba kweRussia kwiNgxabano ye-Syria yintshabalalo yonke ye-itil, eqala isoyikiso ngenxa ye-Russian Forderation, kodwa nakwihlabathi liphela.
Ukusebenza emkhosini eSyria Nobulungiseleli baseRussia bokhuselo lwalumkisa abaphumelelayo kwaye bazisa imikhosi ukusuka kwintsimi yelizwe elikwi-Intanethi. Intshona isayibona i-Adad Dictor, njengoSaddam Hussen okanye iMuamvar Gaddafi. Kwangelo xesha, owayesakuba nguNobhala wase-US wase-US Jame Miti wathi kwakungekho bungqina bokwakha iikhemikhali komkhosi wamachiza, kwaye intatheli yaseBritane yavuma ukuba i-Assad ityholwa ngayo.
Amabango eRussia malunga ne-Russia avela kwi-Syria akwesekwe kukwala ukwala inkxaso kwinkxaso yomongameli wangoku. UBhashare ngokwakhe ukholelwa ukuba "ummelwane" osenyongweni.
Ubomi Buqu
Kumazwe aseMpuma, ayamkelwanga ngobomi bakho, kwaye kunyanisekile ekufota apho ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. Intsapho ye-bashar ikhankanywa kuphela ngokunxulumene nemisebenzi yezopolitiko, ngakumbi kuba umfazi ka-Mongameli uSyria ukwangumdlali osebenzayo kule ntsimi, wenza umsebenzi wokususa i-tumar yomhlaza, eyenziwe ngo-2019, ayiyeki.Ngo-2001, uAssad watshata uAsma Al-Ahras, intombi yentliziyo yaseSyria kunye nonobhala we-Embassy yaseSyria e-UK. Eli bhinqa lazalwa lakhula eLondon, apho lakhula khona eyunivesithi laza lafumana idiploma yezoqoqosho kunye nengcali kwitekisi yekhompyuter, isebenza kwinkampani yotyalo-mali uJ. Morgan. Ungumnini weelwimi ezi-4 zasemzini kwaye unobumi obubini. Ngokutsho kwenkolo yamaSilamsi Sunnik.
Inkolo kwaye uqwalasele ikhadi le-IRMP ezandleni ze-ASVAD, kuba i-Soupen Clan ixhomekeke kwi-alavitov yamaSilavitov, kwaye i-15% kuphela yabemi. Kwaye amathonga aphantse ama-80%, kwaye kwenziwe i-Domascus, njengoko iingalo ziqhekeza i-Asma, banqula ilizwe labo. Ngobuzwe kunye nokholo lwe-bashare ngokwakhe ihamba iintsomi. Abaphandi abahlukeneyo abangakhange bacinge ngesebe le-Islam, bakholelwa ukuba iNtloko yeSitali yaseSyria ngumKristu. Kwindawo ye-Intanethi, imithombo iye yadlula, ukuxabana ukuba i-Assad ngumYuda kunye ne-chilic yase-Cinerian. Akukho luvo olungagungqiyo.
UBhashar wayeyazi iqabane lakhe ukususela ebuntwaneni, njengoko iintsapho zabo babezihlobo kwaye bahlala bethandana kuphela kwi-Internship. Emva kokubuya kweAsiriya eSyria, abathandi batshata. Ukusuka phezulu (ukuphakama - i-189 cm) amadoda kunye nabasetyhini ababuthathaka bajika isibini esitshatileyo. Inenekazi lokuqala leli lizwe lanika umyeni wakhe abantwana abathathu - oonyana bakaHafez noKarima, ngo-2001 nango-2004, kwaye ngo-2003 wazala intombi yakwaZayn.
Umfazi ubandakanyekile ekukhuliseni kwabantwana kwaye ukhokelela kwimisebenzi esebenzayo yesisa, umele ukulingana ngokwesini kwaye udume ngomlimo wayo oqinileyo. Ngesinye isihlandlo, i-Tabloid yaseBritane yagculelwa iqabane lesibini leSahluko seSyria kukuba unenekazi elikrelekrele nelifundileyo nelifundileyo alinalungelo lokuphila noDistor, siya kwenza inguquko esegazini labemi. Ukuphendula, wafumana umvuzo:
"I-Bashar Assad ingumongameli osemthethweni wayo yonke iSiriya, kwaye ingeyiyo naliphi na inxalenye yayo, kwaye inenekazi lokuqala liyayixhasa kule ndima."Akukho phepha lomntu kwinethiwekhi yoluntu kwi-Al-Asiada, kwi-akhawunti ye-Instagram "yenziwa egameni lolawulo lukaMongameli.
Bashar Assad ngoku
NgoMeyi 2021, kwaziwa malunga nabantu abakhuphisana ne-Assad kwisitulo se-Mongameli. Phakathi kwabo bangabameli bamaqela "i-Ofisi ye-Ofisi ye-Ofisinethi" kunye "neDemocrat Arace Arabaltist", i-Abdalla Abdullah kunye neMahmoud Mare, ngokulandelelana. Ngokubanzi, kukho abantu abangaphezu kwama-50 abafuna ukukhuphisana kwisithuba seNkokeli.
Ababukeli baseNtshona ngaphambi kokuqala kokuvota bavakalise intembelo kwi-ASVO. Iziphumo zonyulo ziqinisekisile uluvo lwabahlalutyi. I-Bathar ixhasa i-95.1% yabemi. Njengexesha lokugqibela, i-European Union ayizange iqaphele isiphumo esinjalo kwaye senze isigqibo sokwandisa isohlwayo kude kube nge-1 kaJuni, 2022.
Okwangoku, uMongameli unyuselwe kwakhona itakane elitsha leminyaka eli-7 labhengeza ukuqala kwenqanaba elitsha kwimbali yelizwe, ukukhuthaza abemi ukuba baqalise ukwakhiwa kweSiriya njengoko kufanele kube njalo. Ngoku ipolitiki iveza ithemba eliqinisekileyo ekubuyiseleni iimbacu kwilizwe layo. Kwaye apha i-Stateman ibiza ibhloko esikhubekisayo yokuchasa iAmerica.