Biography
Abanye ababhali-mbali kunye nezoqoqosho baxabela ukuba lo mntu ekuphucokisweni kotshintsho ebunjwe nguye ogqitha nguPeter uPeter Stolypin. Wabizwa ngokuba ngumntu owuthandayo uJoseph Stalin, egrey Cardinal, kodwa kwangaxeshanye eyona ntloko isebenzayo yeSoviet.
Uninzi lukholelwa ukuba, ukuba wayevumile ukuba afikelele ekuphelisweni kotshintsho aza aqalisa ukuguqulwa kwe-1960 kwishishini, i-USSR yayingakwazi ukuba lilizwe elizimeleyo lezorhwebo eliye lalilahla amashishini empahla.
Ngapha koko, abantu basazi ukuba isiseko soqoqosho, apho uRussia ebambe khona namhlanje, wadalwa. Kwaye waba ngumnini werekhodi kubude bokuhlala kwiNtloko yoRhulumente weSoviet Union.
Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, iminyaka eli-16 ubudala irekhodi elingaphumi mntu emva kwakhe. Kwangelo xesha, kunye nee-nikita khrushchevchev kunye ne-Leonid Brezhnev, eli gosa lelona nkinga liphezulu lalinolwalamano oluninzi. Kodwa wanyamezela ubuchule obuphezulu, bengafumani ndawo kufanelekile.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Alexei Nikolaevich koshigining ye-billigigi ye-bigigina ye-bigigina ye-bigigin yavela ukuba inokwenzeka ngo-Okthobha ngo-Okthobha. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, amanye amathuba afike kwi-Olimpiki yobume bomfo ovela kumfana ozelwe kwintsapho yomsebenzi olula, ngemo yasebukhosini ngekhe avele.
UAlexey Nikolaevich Kosyen wavela ekukhanyiseni i-21st, kwaye ngokwesitayela esidala ngoFebruwari 8, 1904 eStresburg. Malunga nolwazi lwakhe olufumanekileyo luyaphela. Yaziwa kuphela ukuba abazali abasandul 'ukuzalwa babhaptizwe kwi-Orthodox Rite ngo-Matshi wonyaka omnye kwiCawa yeCawa.
Kwiminyaka eyi-15, uAlexey, ngelo xesha, umfundi wesikolo sasePetrovsky wathunyelwa ngevolontiya emkhosini obomvu. Lo mfana wakha izakhiwo zokuyikhusela. Kwaye emva kweminyaka emi-3, babuyela ePetrogradd kwaye baphumelele kuqeqesho. Emva kokuba efumene idiploma yesikolo sobugcisa ekusebenzisanayo, ingcali yabaselula yaya eSiberia ukuba ikhulise.
Umsebenzi
Ngoqoqosho lwentengiso elalikho ngelo xesha yayiyi-oasis ethile, kwimida yeshishini ekhuthazwayo. Kwaye izimvo zayo zokuqala njengezoqoqosho uAlexei Kosygin kule "Oasis yenkululeko yezoqoqosho." Wakwazi ukuzingqina kakuhle kwaye wabonisa usekela-phathi. Ke ngoko, kwathunyelwa kuqeqesho olungaphezulu. Lo ndoda ubuyile kwiLeningrad, apho wafumana imfundo ephezulu kwiZiko leMfundo.
Ngo-1935, umsebenzi wekhondo lolutsha lwaqala ukushukuma ngokukhawuleza. Kwiminyaka emi-2, uAlexey wakwazi 'ukukhula "kwiNkosi ye-Onyokabrskaya Kodwa walawula inkampani engaphezulu konyaka: Impumelelo ye-kosyen ekwindawo ye-kostogin yajika iceba iyelenqe ukuba ngo-1938 waqeshwa ngenxa yoosihlalo weKomiti eLawulayo yeBhunga labasebenzi kunye nobuchule.
Ukukhawuleza owo mntu wayehamba ngawo lo mntu ngokusebenzisa ileli yomsebenzi uyamangalisa: Kunye nonyaka, wamiselwa kwisithuba seshishini le-Soviet Union.
Abanye abantu abathandabuzayo bephikisana nenkqubela phambili yomsebenzi ophawulezileyo "isakhelo" esincinci "sachazwa" yibhentshi engenanto. " Kutyholwa, uLenin-Stalinsky woyimela "ojijekileyo" bazo zonke iingcali zebhongo, ke kufuneka ndishukumise abafundi abaselula kwishishini ababehluthwe abangamabhongo kwezopolitiko.
Ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, kuyinyani: Inqaku elahlukileyo lemisebenzi yonke ye-Alexei Koshygin yayinokuthandabuza okuphezulu kokuthatha inxaxheba kwiminqweno yegunya. Kodwa inyani kukuba wayeyingcali yeyona klasi iphakamileyo.
UStalin, owayengazithembi kakhulu oogxa amaninzi kwaye esoyika ukubuyela kubo ngomqolo, bawaqonda amagama kaKosyygin kakhulu. Le ngcali intshayelelo iphendule ngokupheleleyo kwiikhrayitheriya, ezithi, ngokutsho kukaJoseph Vissisriavich, kufuneka zibe nosomashishini ofanelekileyo weSoviet.
Imfazwe eyenzakalisayo yenziwa ngumphathi weminyaka engama-37 yeminyaka "yexesha loviwo", apho yayisoyikisa amakhulu, ukuba ayingabi ngamawakawaka, abuphi. UAlexey Kosyegin ngoJuni ka-1941 waqeshwa liSihlalo seBhunga lokukhutshwa kweshishini kumashishini aphumayo. Eli gosa lalikhokelwa liqela labahloli, elikwazi ukuthumela ukufuduka ukuya kwi-East elingasempuma ngaphezulu kwe-1,500 yezityalo neemveliso zelizwe. Kwaye akazange ayeke.
Ke ngoko, kufanelekile ukumangaliswa kukuba ebusika wowe-1942 yayingowona mceli mngeni ku-1942 yayingowona mceli mngeni unzima kumagxa ayo: Nika ukutya okuncinci kwe-bibrad kwaye kudale "indlela yobomi" eLadoga echibi. Ababhali-mbali, behlalutya izenzo ze-Kosyygin encinci, zidibane noluvo lokuba wenza yonke into enokwenza. Kwaye ngo-1943, uAlexey Nikolayevich wayesele ekhululwe liBhunga leeShishini ze-RSFRR. Oku kuqeshwa bubungqina bobunkokeli obungaphezulu.
I-Stalin, idumise kakhulu abanye ababelinde ilize, bangena e-ksynygin. Mhlawumbi, ukuzithemba okuphezulu kwe-Genessimimus kwavela isizathu sokuba i-protor yerejista iphumelele i-Alexei Nikolayevich intloko yentloko.
Xa "ishishini leLeningrad" labulawa, ngenxa yophando apho "iintloko zentloko" yeqela likrokrelwa kubuyisiso kunye nezinye izono zeenkokeli zeqela, iKosygin ingangena kwinani le-contern. Ngapha koko, igosa labasebenzi "le-WCP (B) kunye noNobhala weKomiti Ezona, uAlexey Kuznetsov, wayenxulumene noAlexey Kosyenton. Wayetshatile nomzala wakhe umfazi wakhe.
Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1946, u-Alexei KoshyenGgin wezopolitiko uyaqhubeka nokuvela. Ngoku nguSekela-Sihlalo weBhunga labaPhathiswa be-USSR. Kungekudala umiselwe ngumgqatswa wamalungu opolitiki wekomiti ephakathi yeCPU (b).
Malunga nememori ebalaseleyo kunye nobuchule obukhulu be-Alexey Koshynygin iphindaphindeke kwingqondo yeNumeri exhaswayo yaya kwiintsomi. UStalin wambiza ngokuba "yi-arithmometer". Wayeligosa elinetywili. Khange athanda ukuthobeka kwaye athintele imithendeleko. Iintlanganiso zakhe zihlala zimfutshane kwaye "zomile": Uqaqambele ukuba ubonise ubunzima kwaye "akazange akhule emthini," ngaphandle kokuvumela ukuba kwenziwe ngokungaphantsi.
Xa uYosefu uJissisrionovich wasweleka, kwaye wayengenalo ixesha lokuphumeza uShift Shift Shift, Kosyngin wakwazi ukumelana namandla. "Unogada endala" emva kokusweleka kwe-wijinesmus waqalisa ukungqungqa "Ukuthuthumbisa" amaqhekeza aselula aselula abekwe nguStalin.
UAlexei Nikolayevich wayenokuhamba ": Nangona babetshintshelwa kwisithuba sikasekela-sihlalo weli shishini, kodwa babengamthumanga ngokupheleleyo ukuba batyebelwe. Ngoku iKosyggin yayinoxanduva lokuveliswa kweempahla zabathengi.
Uye wahlula apha, ebonisa indlela ecingayo kwishishini elibhalwe phantsi. Ke ngoko, ngehlobo lowe-1953, uAlexey Nikolaevich wayeyintloko yenkonzo ehlengahlengiswayo yeemveliso zokutya, eyenziwe ngumsebenzi weenkonzo ezininzi zangaphambili. Kwaye ngoDisemba waloo nyaka, wabuyela kwisithuba sikasekela-Sihlalo weBhunga labaPhathiswa.
UMphathiswa waya kwimisebenzi yakhe, waya ezintsonkothileyo. Umzekelo, emva kokuphela kwemfazwe, uAlexey Kosyen waphosa ukutshaya. Kodwa ngenye imini wahamba umzi-mveliso omtsha wecuba eGeorgia. Ngexesha lokuthetha nomphathi walo, wacela ukuba atshaye. Wamnika icuba elithe latshaya - lalela le ndlela yemveliso yaseMelika. Umphathiswa waphoswa kwaye wasala. UMlawuli womzi-mveliso utshintshile.
Ngexesha lolawulo lwe-KHrushchev I-Kosyynn iphakamise kwakhona. Ngo-1960s, iba nguSekela-Sihlalo weSovmina we-USSR. Kwaye emva kokuba "ibhobho yebhotwe" ngo-1964, i-leonid Brezhnev inyusa iKosyny kwiNtloko yoRhulumente. Kwangelo xesha, iBrezhnev ayithandi kakhulu abaphathi. Kwaye kuphela kukungabinamdla kunye nokungabikho komnqweno wokuhlala phantsi kwaye unomdla kubangela ukukhula komsebenzi.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba uAlexey Kosyey Kosyen, kuphela kwezopolitiko wavotelwa ngokuchasene nokungeniswa kwemikhosi yaseSoviet ukuya eAfghanistan, kwaye yena wamjonga.
Wayengumdiza oqaqambileyo owayekwazi ukusombulula iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zamazwe aphesheya. Ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwakhe ngokuthe ngqo, ukungqubana kweArabhu ngo-1967 nango-1973 kwasonjululwa. Wanceda ekuphuculeni ukuthotywa kweebhombu-hlandlongo ngamaMelika kwi-Indochina ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1970. Kodwa uloyiso oluyintloko kwintsimi yozakuzo ithathwa njengemvume yengxwabangxwaba yeSoviet-yaseTshayina. Batsho, bulelane nothetha-thethwano oluqaqambileyo iiyure ezi-4, uAlexei Nikolayevich kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya saseBeijing sathintelwa yiMfazwe yaseSoviet-Chinese.
Ngaphezulu kokuphumelela kotshintsho kwezoqoqosho kwishishini. Babizwa ngokuba "Kosyginsky". Intloko yesovmina ixelele ukwanda kwenkululeko yamashishini kunye nokwabela amagunya uqoqosho lukazwelonke. Enkosi kuye, into enjalo njengokuveliswa kwemveliso ye-GRESS ihambile kwixa elidlulileyo, elithe lathatyathwa luphawu lweemveliso ezifunyenweyo.
I-Alexey Konkyna ibalulekile. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, umbono wakhe wophuhliso loqoqosho oluxhaphakileyo olwenziwa yi "Missisam Imigaqo" kwaye ide isuke i "Bourgeois". Mhlawumbi, ke, ukutshintsha kwesahluko sesalathiso sadibana nokunganyangeki kwamagosa amadala aphucukileyo kwaye akazange agqitywe. Kodwa eyona nto iphambili kukuba, ngenxa yokuwohloka kwezempilo, uAlexey Nikolayevich akanakufezekiswa, kusenziwa uluhlu oluphambili lohlahlo-lwabiwo mali olungakhange lithumele i-oyile ye-brade ethunyelwa ngaphandle, kodwa iimveliso zabo ziyalungiswa.
Akuzange kube kudala, inguqulelo emangalisayo yaqala ukuhamba kwi-Intanethi, yeyiphi uAlexey Kosynyn unyana IIcholas II. Oko kukuthi, uyasindiswa i-Tsarevich Alexei Nikolayevich, indlalifa yendlu kaRomanov. Kutyhola ngenxa yoko yiyo loo nto i-Alexei ye-Alexeiigigina iqhina eliqinileyo. Abo bakholelwa kolu hlobo lwentsomi balambele uhlobo olufanayo lokufana kwiifoto zabantwana baka-Alexey Kosyen no-Alexey Romanova. Ayisiyo nje enye ivile i-soviet iyeza ephethwe yi-Hemophilia.
Ubomi Buqu
Le ndoda yayisongazi kwaye ithobekile. Kwaye-inesidima esinzulu. Ikhutshwe ngeposi, igosa langaphambili le-VIP kamva lafika kwi-State Dacha kwaye yaya kwindawo yakhe enesidima, ethatha kuphela izinto kunye neencwadi. Indlu yakhe yelizwe ayikaze ivele.
Akazange anike ubutyebi obungenakukhubazeka, nangona wayenako. Umzekelo, ngexesha lokutyelelwa kumazwe awahlukeneyo, izipho zihlala zizizisela. Ukuba wavuma ukubathabatha, wadlulisela kwangoko kwisikolo sombuso okanye isikolo esiphakamileyo. Umzekelo, kumazwe akwi-Arabhu Igosa laseSoviet liphindwe ngequbuliso kunye ne-Saber, ihonjiswe ngedayimani kunye nezinye izinto ze-gemstones. Kodwa uKosypgin washiya isipho kuye.
Ubomi buka-Alexey Koshiginigi ye-Alexegiigiigina ngumfazi wakhe kuphela kwiClaudia Andreyevna Krivosiin. Batsho lo mfazi wayehlonitshwa ngokuzincama ngokwakhe. Kwinkampani yakhe, akazange azive egwala.
Ngo-1968, uAlexey Nikolaevich waba ngumhlolokazi: iqabane elithandwayo labulawa ngoMeyi 1, xa wayemi kwipodium yeMausoleum. UClaudia Andreevna wathumela umyeni wakhe, walala ubusuku kwiwadi yakhe, kwisikwere esibomvu, eqonda ukubaluleka kobukho bakhe kumsitho.
Akazange aguquke. Kwaye into ebiyinto yokuthandana neLwadmila Iyokina yayiyilahleko nje yokuhleba. Kamva kolunye udliwanondlebe, umqhubi weKosty wathi chef yakhe oboniswe kumfazi wakhe osweleke kwi-trissis yeshishini njenge-talisman.
Kumtshato owonwabileyo waseKoshigin naseKrivowalas, intombi kaLyuudmila yazalwa, emva koko yaba nguMlawuli wethala leencwadi loncwadi lwangaphandle kwaye wazisa abazali ababini kubazukulwana - uTaxey Gwichiani. Namhlanje, uAlexey Jermenovich Gwishiani yinzululwazi ye-geoinformatiayikhi ye-geoinformatication, i-rassimia kunye nomphathi weziko lemfundo ye-geophysical yesayensi ye-Russia.
Ukufa
I-Alexey Kosyen yathanda ubomi bakhe bonke ubomi bakhe kwaye bazama ukuyenza ukuba kunokwenzeka. Wathanda i-ski ebusika nangomqolo we-kayak ehlotyeni. Kodwa emva kwengozi enye, xa isikhephe sajika kwaye uAlexei Nikolaevich wayengakwazi ukugcina, wayeka ukukhonza umngcipheko.
Ngo-1974 wayene-microinlulti. Yayiyintsimbi yokuqala "." Intliziyo yaqalisa ukushwankathela emva kokuba umzimba ufumanise imithwalo "ikhutshwe" kubo. Kwaye emva kweminyaka emi-5, i-kosyen ifumanise ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo ebanzi.
Ngo-Oktobha, wakhululwa kwimisebenzi yelungu lePolima kunye nosihlalo weBhunga labaPhathiswa. Wafaka ingxelo ngokwakhe, uninzi lwabantu abasebenza nabo abangazange lwenze, bambelela esitulweni bade bade bade bade babuyele.
Emva kwentliziyo yesibini yokuhlaselwa kwaye kwacaca ukuba imihla yalo mntu. Wasweleka ekuseni kaDisemba 18, 1980, ngo-Eva wosuku lokuzalwa kukaBrezhnev. Ukuze bangabi nakukrexezi imfihlo ephezulu, umngcwabo wacwangciswa emva kweentsuku ezi-6, nge-24 kaDisemba, 1980. I-Alexei Nikolayevich yomzimba otshisiweyo kwaye watshisa udonga lweKremlin.