Biography
Imisebenzi ebukhali yeVladimir may mayakovsky ibangela ukuba izigidi zabathandekayo bakhe. Ufanelwe ngokubhekisa kwinani leembongi ezona zintle zenkulungwane yama-20. Ukongeza, uMayakovsky wazibophelela kumdlalo wokudlala ongaqhelekanga, uSayrik, umlawuli wefilimu, umgcini wesikrini, umzobi, kunye nomhleli weemagazini ezininzi. Ubomi bakhe, ubuchule bube nobuchule obuninzi, kunye nothando olupheleleyo kunye namava obudlelwane bakho kwaye namhlanje ashiye kude kube sekupheleni kwemfihlo eqinileyo.
Imbongi enetalente yazalwa kwilali encinci yeGeorgia yaseGegia yaseBagdati (uBukhosi baseRussia). Unina uAlexander U-Alekseevna wayengeyibhulukhwe yaseBeun, noTata Vladimir Konstantinovich basebenza ngamalarerester elula. UVladimir wayenabantakwabo bobabini - uKosta noSasha, abasweleka ebuntwaneni, kunye noodadewethu ababini - iOya kunye noLuda.
I-mayakovsky iluqonda ngokugqibeleleyo ulwimi lwaseGeorgia kwaye ukusukela ngo-1902 wafunda kwindawo yokuzivocavoca yaseKutaisi. Sele ebutsheni bakhe, wafakwa yimibono yotshintsho, kwaye, ngelixa efunda kwindawo yokuzivocavoca, wayethatha inxaxheba kwimiboniso yoguquko.
Ngo-1906, utata wasweleka ngequbuliso. Unobangela wokufa yayikukusulela igazi, elilenze ngenxa yesithupha seminwe ngenaliti eqhelekileyo. Lo msitho wothukile nguMayovsky ukuba kwixa elizayo akaziphepha ngokupheleleyo iinwele nezikhonkwane, esoyika ikamva likaYise.
Ku-1906, uAlexander Alekseevna wafudukela eMoscow nabantwana. I-Vladimir iqhubekile uqeqesho lwakhe kwindawo yokuzivocavoca yesihlanu, apho wayetyelele khona iiklasi kunye nomntakwabo wembongi B. I-Alexander. Nangona kunjalo, ngokufa kukatata, imeko yezemali yosapho yawohloka kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, ngo-1908, iVladimir ayikwazanga ukuhlawula uqeqesho lwayo, kwaye yakhupha kwibakala lesihlanu le-Gymnasium.
Indalo
EMoscow, umfana oselula waqala ukunxibelelana nabafundi abathanda izimvo zotshintsho. Ngo-1908, uMaykovsky wagqiba kwelokuba abe lilungu le-RSDLP kwaye ahlala ekhuthaza phakathi kwabantu. Ngexesha lika-1908-1909, uVladimir wabanjwa kathathu, kodwa ngenxa yokunyanzelwa ukuba ayeke ukuyeka inkululeko.
Ngexesha lophando, uMayyavsky wayengakwazi ukuthoba ngokuzolileyo kwiindonga ezine. Ngokuzikhathalela rhoqo, yayihlala iguqulelwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuvalelwa. Ngenxa yoko, wayekwintolongo yentyatyambo, apho wambanjwa khona iinyanga ezilishumi elinanye waza waqala ukubhala imibongo.
Ngo-1910, imbongi encinci iphuma kwisiphelo kwaye yashiya kwangoko itheko. Kunyaka olandelayo, umculi u-Yexgeny Lang, apho iVladimir yayinobudlelwane obunobuhlobo, yacebisa ukuba wayepeyinta. Ngexesha loqeqesho kwisikolo sokupeyinta, ukukrwitshi kunye noyilo, wadibana nabasunguli beqela lexesha elizayo "Gileya" baza bangena kwi-bagefrerists.
Umsebenzi wokuqala kaMayyavsky, owashicilelwa, yayingumbongo "ubusuku" (1912). Kwangelo xesha, imbongi encinci yokuqala yenziwa esidlangalaleni kwigumbi lobugcisa, elalibizwa ngokuba yinja elahlekileyo.
IVladimir, kunye namalungu eqela lamaqhinga e-cubefutrists, ezithathe inxaxheba ekutyeni eRussia, apho wayekhethelela khona nemibongo yakhe. Kungekudala kwabakho uphononongo oluqinisekileyo malunga ne-Mayyaksky, kodwa wayehlala ethathelwa ingqalelo ngaphandle kwesaza. UM. UGorky wayekholelwa ukuba phakathi kwe-cally cantovsky yayikuphela kwembongi yokwenyani.
Ukuqulunqwa kokuqala kwembongi yolutsha "mna" ndapapashwa ngo-1913 ndayibandakanya imibongo emine kuphela. Lo nyaka kukwabhala iiakhawunti zokubhala umbongo we-bunlet "Nate!", Apho iMbhali icela umngeni kuyo yonke i-bourgeois. Elandelayo, iVladimir idale umbongo ochukumisayo esithi "Mamela", yabetha abafundi ngentlungu yakho nobuntununtunu.
Utsala imbongi eqaqambileyo kunye nedramari. Ngo-1914 waphawulwa kukudalwa kwentlekele "Vladimir Cameyavsky", ingeniswe eluntwini kwinqanaba le-Sttersburg Theatter ". Kwangelo xesha, iVladimir yathetha umlawuli wakhe, kunye nendima ekhokelayo. Esona sizathu siphambili somsebenzi yayiyimvukelo yezinto edibanisa intlekele ngomsebenzi wexesha elizayo.
Ngo-1914, imbongi yencinci yagqiba kwelokuba ibhaliswe ngokuzithandela ukuze ibhaliswe emkhosini, kodwa ukungakhathali kwakhe kwabameli bakarhulumente. Akazange abethe ngaphambili kwaye aphendule kwi-Afficley wabhala umbongo "kuwe", apho waphinda wavavanywa komkhosi wasebukhosini. Ukongeza, imisebenzi eqaqambileyo ye-Mayyakovsky - "ilifu ebhulukweni" kwaye "iMfazwe Yabhengezwe" yavela kungekudala.
Kunyaka olandelayo, intlanganiso eyomileyo ye-Mayyakavsky Vladimir Vladimirovich kunye ne-Briquette yentsapho yakhe yenzeka. Ukususela ngoku, ubomi bakhe babungomnye wazo zonke ngeenyibiba kunye ne-osip. Ukususela ngo-1915 ukuya ku-1917, ngenxa yokukhuselwa kwe-M. Gorby poet zisebenzele kwisikolo semoto. Kwaye nangona yena, elijoni, wayengenalo ilungelo lokuprinta, i-Osip Biric yeza kunceda. Wafumana imibongo emibini yeVladimir kwaye kungekudala wapapasha.
Kwangelo xesha, uMaykovsky wangena kwihlabathi le-satire kwaye ngo-1915 waprinta umjikelo "we-chconn" kwi "New Satirone". Kungekudala kukho iingqokelela ezimbini zomsebenzi - "ezilula njengehlanjisiweyo" (1916) kunye "notshintsho. I-Pootakhhhhhhik "(1917).
Inguqulelo ye-OKYYYRSKAYA I-Poet enkulu ihlangane kwikomkhulu lemvukelo kwi-smolny. Ngokukhawuleza waqalisa ukusebenzisana norhulumente omtsha kwaye wathatha inxaxheba kwiqokelelo yokuqala yamanani enkcubeko. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uMayakovsky wabhekiswa kwiqela lejoni elibanjiweyo P. Mongameli oBambayo ohamba isikolo, nangona ngaphambili ukuza kwezandleni 'ngenkuthalo ".
Ngo-1917-1918 baphawulwa ngokukhutshwa kwemisebenzi eliqela ye-Mayyakovsky kwiminyhadala yotshintsho (umzekelo, "i-ode yovukelo", "Matshi wethu"). Isikhumbuzo sokuqala sovukelo saziswa nge-byctraneous buff.
Wayeyithanda i-mayakovsky kunye nefilimu. Ngo-1919, iimoto ezintathu zefilimu zapapashwa ehlabathini, apho iVladimir yenza umlingisi, umgcini-shriveli kunye nomlawuli. Kwangelo xesha, imbongi yaqala ukusebenzisana nokukhula kwaye isebenze kwiiposta zesiko nange-zatirical. I-Parallel mayyakovsky isebenza kwiphephandaba "ubugcisa boMphathi".
Ukongeza, ngo-1918, imbongi yadala iqela "iqalile", indlela enokuthi ichazwe njengomKomanisi Kukwamba. Kodwa ngo-1923, iVladimir ilungelelanisa elinye iqela - "ishiywe ngaphambili yobugcisa", kunye nelogo elihambelana "lef".
Ngeli xesha, kukho imisebenzi emininzi eqaqambileyo nengalibalekiyo yembongi yegesi: "Ngayo" (1924), "Vladimiry Ilylin Lenin" (1924). Siyakugxininisa oko ngelixa sifunda umbongo wokugqibela, i. UStalin ngokwakhe wayekho kwi-Bolshoi Theatre. Emva kokusebenza kwe-Mayyavsky, kwalandelwa i-ocho, eyathathwa imizuzu engama-20. Ngokubanzi, yayiyiminyaka yonke yemfazwe yamakhaya yeVladimir elona xesha lilungileyo, oko akukhankankathela kulombongo "ulungile!" (1927).
Akukho nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye igcwele ixesha le-maykovsky yexesha lokuhamba rhoqo. Ngo-1922-1924, watyelela iFrance, eLatvia neJamani, ababenikela imisebenzi eliqela. Ngo-1925, uVladimir waya eMelika, etyelela isixeko saseMexico, iHavana nezixeko ezininzi zase-US.
Ukuqala kwe-20s kuqatshelwe yimpikiswano yesaqhwithi phakathi kweVladimir Mayovsky kunye neSergey Yesenin. Elexesha emva kwelo xesha yajoyina i-kugodysist - abachasi abangenakufikelelwa kwexesha elizayo. Ukongeza, uMayyavsky wayeyimbongi yenguquko kunye nesixeko, neYeenin emsebenzini wakhe ngaphezu kwelali.
Nangona kunjalo, iVladimir ayikwazanga ukuba iyayibona italente engenamiqathango yeqela elichasayo, nangona imgxeka ngenxa yokugcina utywala kunye nokuluthwa kotywala. Ngandlel 'ithile, babeyimiphefumlo ehambelana nawo - bonwabile, benzakala, bekhangela kwaye belahlekelwe lithemba. Babemanyene nesihloko sokuzibulala, ababekho emsebenzini weembongi zombini.
Ngeminyaka yo-1926-1927, uMaykovsky wadala i-9 Kiyosznarians. Ukongeza, ngo-1927 imbongi yaqalisa imisebenzi yemagazini ye-lef. Kodwa ngonyaka kamva wayishiya eli phephancwadi kunye nombutho ochaphazelekayo, ekugqibeleni waphoxeka. Ngo-1929, iVladimir iseke i-fihla imvuza, kodwa kunyaka olandelayo iphuma kuye kwaye iba lilungu le "rapp".
Ekupheleni kwe-20s, mayyakovsky izibongozo kwidrama. Ulungiselela amanye amadlala amabini: "Klop" (1928) kunye "ne-Badwa" (1929), yenzelwe ngokukodwa indawo yeqonga leMeyit. Bavelisa isiseko senyani se-20s sijonge kwikamva.
I-Meyer Sakovsky Italente ye-Syakovsky kunye ne-genius ye-moliere, kodwa abagxeki badibana nemisebenzi yakhe emitsha etyumkileyo. Kwi "Pobhedpie" bafumana kuphela iziphoso kuphela, kodwa kwanesityholo sophawu lweemvakalelo zonyulwa kwi-bana. Kumaphephandaba amaninzi, amanqaku akhubekisa kakhulu aposwa, kwaye abanye babo babenezihloko "ezantsi Lightovo!"
I-1930 yaqala eyona phawu inkulu izityholo ezininzi zoogxa. UMaykovsky watsho ukuba wayengenguye umbhali oyinyani "wecawa", kunye "neqabane". Kodwa nangona wayegxeka, ngentwasahlobo yonyaka, iVladimir yagqiba kwelokuba ishwankathele imisebenzi yakhe, eyayilungelelanisa ngayo umboniso obizwa ngokuba "yiminyaka engama-20 yomsebenzi".
Umboniso wafuduka zonke izinto ezifezekisiweyo ze-mayakovsky, kodwa wazisa ukuphoxeka okuqinileyo. Akazange atyelelwe ngabalingane ababekho kwimbongi kwi-LFU, okanye isikhokelo seqela eliphezulu. Yayiyimvuthuluka ekhohlakeleyo, emva koko inxeba elinzulu lahlala emphefumlweni wembongi.
Ukufa
Ngo-1930, iVladimir igula kakhulu kwaye iyoyika ukulahlekelwa lilizwi, eyayiza kuphelisa iintetho zakhe kwinqanaba. Ubomi bobuqu bembongi bungaphumelelanga kumzabalazo wolonwabo. Wayeyedwa kakhulu, kuba isitena senkxaso yakhe engapheliyo kunye nentuthuzelo, ishiywe phesheya.
Uhlaselo oluvela kuwo onke amacala abelele kwi-Mayakovsky Commy Comm, kwaye umphefumlo olungileyo wembongi awunakuma. Ngo-Epreli 14, Vladimir Mayovsky wazigxotha esifubeni, eyayingunobangela wokufa kwakhe.
Emva kokufa kukaMayyavsky, umsebenzi wakhe wawa phantsi komsebenzi ongekho semthethweni kwaye waphantse wapapashwa. Ngo-1936, uLilica Bric wabhala ileta eya kwileta. UStalin ngesicelo sokuncedisa ekugcineni imemori yembongi enkulu. Ekusombululeni kwakhe, uStalin wayeyixabisa kakhulu impumelelo yomntu oswelekileyo kwaye wanika imvume yokupapasha imisebenzi kaMayyakavsky kunye nokudalwa kweMyuziyam.
Ubomi Buqu
Uthando lukaLiyovsky bobomi bonke lwalungumbolekisi weenyibiba, intlanganiso yabanjwa ngo-1915. Ngelo xesha, imbongi encinci yadibana nodadewabo - uElsa Tolophu, yaye emva kokuba intombazana ikhokelele iVladimir kwindlu ye-Brik. Apho uMasekovsky ufunda lo mbongo 'ilifu lebhulukweni ", emva koko wanikezela ngamehlo akhe. Akumangalisi, kodwa isampulu yegorha yalo mbongo yayinguScoel Penisov, apho imbongi yathandana ngo-1914.
Kungekudala inoveli yaqhekeka phakathi kweVladimir neLily, ngelixa u-Osip Bric wavala amehlo akhe ukuba agqithe umfazi wakhe. ULiliya waba yimyuziyam ye-mayakovsky, yayiye yazinikela kuphantsezele kuzo zonke iivesi zakhe zothando. Ubonakalise ubunzulu beemvakalelo zakhe ku-Bric kule misebenzi ilandelayo: "Flich-spine", "Umntu", "uLelichka!" kwaye njl.
Uthanda ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwiifilimu zefayilisha "edityaniswe yifilimu" (1918). Ngapha koko, ukusukela ngo-1918, isitena kwaye imbongi enkulu yahlala kunye, ehambelana ngokupheleleyo nengqondo ekhoyo yomtshato ngelo xesha. Bayitshintshe indawo yokuhlala izihlandlo ezininzi, kodwa ngalo lonke ixesha bahlala kunye. Rhoqo, uMayakovsky wade wafumana usapho lwee-ricks, kwaye kuwo onke amaqhuqhuva, kwaye kuwo wonke uhambo lwaphesheya luzise izipho ze-ily (umzekelo, inqwelo moya).
Ngaphandle kokungeniswa okungapheliyo kwembongi eLelichk, bekukho ezinye iintanda ebomini bakhe, nkqu nabantwana banika yena. Ngo-1920, uMaykovsky wayenolwalamano olusondeleyo nomculi uLily Lavinskaya, omvezile nonyana kaGleb-Nikitu (1921-1986).
Ngo-1926 kwaphawula enye intlanganiso yekratshi. UVladimer wadibana no-Ellie Jones - umsungulwa ovela eRussia, owamnika intombi ka-Elena-Patritia (1926-2016). Kwakhona, ubudlelwane be-mimoletic badityaniswa nembongi ngeSofia Shamardina naseNatalia Brojhenko.
Ukongeza, eParis, imbongi ebalaseleyo yadibana nokufuduka kweTatiana Yakovleva. Iimvakalelo zaqabathela phakathi kwabo ngokuthe ngcembe zaze bathembisa ukuba baguqukele kwinto enzulu kwaye ixesha elide. I-Mayakovsky ifuna uYakovleva eza eMoscow, kodwa wala. Ke ngo-1929, uVladimir wagqiba kwelokuba aye eTatiana, nangona kunjalo, iingxaki zokufumana iVisa yaba ngumqobo ongapheliyo.
I-Tevery Uthando Vladimir Mayovsky yayingumdlali osemncinci kwaye otshatileyo veronica polonskaya. Imbongi ifunwa yintombazana eneminyaka engama-21 ubudala ukuba iyeke umyeni wakhe, kodwa uVeronica wayengacombulukanga kubomi, kuba u-Maykovsky oneminyaka engama-36 ubudala wawubonakala ngathi ungaphikisi, ongenakusigxina.
Ubunzima kubudlelwane kunye ne-mayakovsky ye-mayakovsky ukuya kwinqanaba elibulalayo. Wayengowokugqibela owabona uVladimir ngaphambi kokuba afe kwaye ngovuyo wambuza ukuba angayi ekuziqhelasweni. Andinaxesha lokuvala umnyango wentombazana, njengoko kudunyisiwe. I-Polonskaya ayizange ifumane emngcwabeni, kuba izalamane zeholo yayiyigqala njengetyala ekufeni komntu.