Biography
U-Omar Khayyam yingcali yenzululwazi kunye nesithandi-sobulumko, odumileyo ngenxa yemisebenzi yayo esebenzayo kwiindawo ezinje ngembali, iMathematics, iAsttronomy, iNcwadi kunye nokupheka. Waba ngumfanekiso kwimbali kaIran nasempuma eMpuma. Phakathi kweentshutshiso ngokubanzi (i-analogue ye-Inteisicetion), ingcinezelo yeLibelodum ihleli kwaye umntu omkhulu wasebenza, umoya wasimahla wayomeleza inzala yeminyaka emikhulu. Bakhanyisela abantu, bancede bafumane injongo ebomini - yonke le nto yenziwa nguOmar Hayyam iminyaka emininzi, ukuba ngomnye wabadalileyo bobomi benkcubeko, ekuhlaleni kunye nesandla sesayensi eSamaki.
Ubomi bakhe babusisiphuluphele, kwaye impumelelo ebalaseleyo - kwiindawo ezichaseneyo zomsebenzi ukuba kukho inguqulelo yokuba u-Omar Khayam akazange abekho. Kukho ingcinga yesibini-phantsi kweli gama kukho abantu abaliqela, iMathematics, izazinzulu, iifilosom kunye neembongi. Ewe kona, ngokwembali ngokwembali ngokulandela umsebenzi womntu owayehlala iwaka leminyaka eyadlulayo, akukho lula. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ubungqina bokuba u-Omar Khayyam akangoyintsomi, kodwa umntu okhoyo onamandla afanelekileyo, oye waphila kumakhulu eminyaka eyadlulayo.
Ibhayiloji yakhe iyaziwa - nangona kunjalo, ayinakwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwayo.
Indoda yazalwa ngonyaka ka-1048 eIran. Intsapho ka-Omar yayigqibelele kwaye yomelele, utata notatomkhulu wenkwenkwe bavela kwintsapho yamandulo yamagcisa, ke babenemali entsatsheni kunye nobutyebi. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, inkwenkwe ibonakalisa ubuchule obukhethekileyo nohlalutyo kunye neetalente ezithile, kunye neempawu ezinjengobukrelekrele, umdla, ingqondo kunye nobuqili.
Wafunda kwangethuba ukuze afunde, iminyaka esibhozo ayifunde ngokupheleleyo kwaye wafunda incwadi engcwele yaseMuslim- quran. U-Omar wafumana imfundo elungileyo ngelo xesha, waba yinkosi yeLizwi kwaye waphumelela ngempumelelo ubuchule bakhe bobuzwi. I-hughyaya iqondwe ngokugqibeleleyo kumthetho wamaSilamsi, yayisazi intanda-bulumko. Ukusukela esemncinci waduma eIran nge-iran nge-quran, ngoko bathathwa ngoncedo ekutolikeni kwamanye amaziko anzima kunye nemigca.
Ebutsheni bakhe, iKhayam ilahleka uyise nonina, ngokuzimeleyo uqhubeka noqeqesho kwiMathematics nakwiiFilosofis zeSayensi, ukuthengisa indlu kunye nendibano yabazali. Ubiza eyadi eyadi yeyadi, ufumana umsebenzi kwibhotwe kwaye iminyaka emininzi uqhuba uphando kwaye aphuhlise ngobuchule obenziweyo bomntu ophambili eArfatha.
Umsebenzi wesayensi
U-Omar Khayama akangoyiki obizwa ngokuba yinzululwazi eyodwa. I-Peru yakhe ingumntu onamanani olwenzi ngesayensi kwizihloko ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. Wayeqhuba izifundo zendaleko, ngenxa yoko babezimisele eyona ikhalenda echanekileyo emhlabeni. Uye waqulunqa inkqubo yokuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi ezinxulumene nedatha ekhokelela kwi-Astronomy, eyayisetyenziselwa ukwenza iingcebiso zesondlo zabameli beempawu ezahlukileyo ze-zodiac kwaye zabhala incwadi yokupheka.
I-Khayama inomdla kakhulu kwiMathematics, umdla wakhe wavelisa kuhlalutyo lwethiyori ye-Euclide, kunye nokudalwa kwenkqubo yokubala yombhali wesikwere kunye ne-cubic ngokulinganayo. Uye wangqina ngempumelelo i-NEORMS, ekhokela ukubala, wadala ukwahlulahlula. Imisebenzi yakhe yesayensi kwi-algebra nase yejometri ixatyiswa kakhulu kumhlaba oqeqeshiweyo. Ikhalenda ephuhlisiweyo isebenza eIran.
Iincwadi
Inzala yafumana iincwadi ezininzi kunye neengqokelela zoncwadi ezibhalwe ngu-Highsem. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ayaziwa ukuba mingaphi imibongo evela kwiingqokelela ezenziwe nguOmar ngokwenene yeyakhe. Inyani yile yokuba uninzi lweenkulungwane emva kokusweleka kuka-Omar Khayama, ii-qurains ezininzi ezineengcinga "zeKramol" zichazwe kule phawu lokuthintela ukohlwaywa kwababhali bokwenyani. Ke ubuchule bomsebenzi bawungumsebenzi wembongi enkulu. I-arehorgep ye-Khayam ihlala iphakanyiselwa, kodwa iqinisekisiwe ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo ubhale ngaphezulu kwe-300 imisebenzi kwifom yemibongo.
Okwangoku, igama lika-Highthama linxulunyaniswa neequitrains ezizaliswe ngentsingiselo enzulu, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Rulei ". Le misebenzi yemibongo iyabonakala ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yomsebenzi wexesha lokuphumla xa ndandihlala kwaye ndiqambe uOmar.
Owona mahluko uphambili wokubhala kwabo bubukho bombhali "ndi" - umlinganiswa ongenanto, engafezekisi nantoni na ubugorha, kodwa icinga ngobomi kunye nekamva. Ngaphambi kokuba iKhayam, imisebenzi yoncwadi yabhalwa ngokukodwa malunga nookumkani namagorha, hayi malunga nabantu abaqhelekileyo.
Umbhali usebenzisa uncwadi olungaqhelekanga-kwiivesi alukho amabinzana, imifanekiso enamanqaku eMpuma yeMpuma kunye nokuSebenza. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, umbhali ubhala ulwimi olulula nolungenantsingiselo, olwakha iingcinga kwizindululo ezinentsingiselo engafakwanga yi-syntax okanye izakhiwo ezongezelelweyo. Ukuphazamiseka kunye nokucoceka- ezi ziimpawu eziphambili ze-khayam, ezichaza imibongo yakhe.
Ukuba sisia sethematics, u-Omar ucinga ngokusengqiqweni nangokungaguqukiyo kwimisebenzi yakhe. Waqashele izihloko ezahlukeneyo-kwiqokelelo yakhe ngokupheleleyo kukho imibongo yothando, ngoThixo, malunga nekamva, malunga noluntu kunye nendawo yomntu oqhelekileyo kuwo.
Iimbono zika-Omar Khayama
Isikhundla se-highma ngokunxulumene nezonankozo ezisisiseko zombutho waseMpuma weMpuma waseMpuma wawuhluke kakhulu kwixesha elamkelwe ngokubanzi ngelo xesha. Ukuba ngumyeni odumileyo wesayensi, akazange aqondwe ngamandla kwizigqibo zoluntu kwaye akazange anikele ingqalelo kwinto eyenzekayo malunga notshintsho kunye neendlela ezimbi, ongenile kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi.
I-theology ixakeke kakhulu i-Highama-ngenkalipho yavakalisa iingcinga zakhe ezingezozisezantsi, zazukisa ixabiso lomntu oqhelekileyo kunye nokubaluleka kweminqweno yakhe kunye neemfuno zakhe. Nangona kunjalo, umbhali wahlukane ngokugqibeleleyo uThixo nokholo kumaziko enkolo. Wayekholelwa ukuba uThixo unawo wonke umntu osemphefumlweni wakhe, wayengayi kumshiya, kwaye wayedla ngokubhala ngesi si sihloko.
Isikhundla se-Khayama ngokunxulumene nenkolo iphikiswa ngokubanzi, ebangela imbambano enkulu ejikeleze ubuntu bakhe. U-Omar ngenene wafunda iNcwadi engcwele, kwaye ngenxa yoko unokutolika izivumelwano zakhe kwaye angavumelani nezinye zazo. Kubangele ukuba nomsindo kubafundisi, ababeyigqala imbongi 'eyingozi ".
Uthando yayiyinto yesibini ebalulekileyo emsebenzini wombhali omkhulu. Iingxelo zakhe ngale mvakalelo inamandla zazingaphezulu, wakhawuleza wavuma le mvakalelo kunye nento yakhe - umntu obhinqileyo osoloko etyhafisa ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Malunga nabafazi umbhali bahlala bephendule ngokukodwa ngendlela efanelekileyo, ngokomfazi kufuneka athande kwaye athande, emenze abonwabileyo, ngenxa yokuba umfazi othandekayo wendoda lelona xabiso lithandekayo.
Uthando lombhali yayiyimvakalelo yokuziva uxakekile - wayedla ngokubhala ngaye kwisakhelo sokuqiqa ngobuhlobo. Ubudlelwane obunobuhlobo kwi-lobster nabubaluleke kakhulu, wabagqala njengento. Umbhali uhlala ebiza ukuba angazingcatsha izihlobo, ukuba aziqonde, hayi ukuthathelwa ingqalelo ngenxa yokuhlonitshwa kwecala kwaye angayicimi ukuzithemba kwabo. Ngapha koko, abahlobo bokwenyani bancinci. Umbhali wavuma ukuba umntu angathanda ukuba yedwa, "umntu ofumene umntu."
I-High Servie ngokuvakalayo kwaye ke ibona ukungabikho kokusesikweni kwehlabathi, iqaqambe ubumfama abantu ukuya kwezona zinto ziphambili ebomini, kwaye nezifihla ukuba izinto ezininzi ezichazwe ngokwenyani ziyinto yendalo. Iqhawe le-uOmar Khayam lingumntu obiza ukholo oludinga ukuzibandakanya, elula kwiimfuno kwaye akanamda kwaye aqiqa. Ulula kwaye usondele, uthanda iwayini kunye nezinye izinto eziqondakalayo zobomi.
Ukuphikisana ngentsingiselo yobomi, u-Omar Khayam weza kwisigqibo sokuba wonke umntu kuphela kweyona nto iphambili kweli lizwe lihle kweli lizwe lihle leli xesha, kwaye ke kubalulekile ukonwaba kunye nokunyanga ubomi njengesipho esikhulu . Ubulumko bobomi, nguHeyama, kukwamkela zonke iziganeko kunye nokukwazi ukufumana amaxesha amnandi kuzo.
U-Omar Khayam nguHedonst odumileyo. Ngokuchasene nengcinga yenkolo yokureyinta kwimpahla yasemhlabeni ngenxa yobabalo lwasezulwini, isithandi-sobulumko sasiqinisekile ukuba intsingiselo yobomi isetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kunye nokonwaba. Ngale nto, wacaphukisa uluntu, kodwa wakhokelela ekonwabeni kwabalawuli kunye nabameli bamacandelo aphezulu oluntu. Ngendlela, i-mericligiassia ithandwa le ngcinga.
Ubomi Buqu
Nangona le ndoda yanikela inxenye enomdla yobuchule bakhe bokuthanda umfazi, akazange azibophele emtshatweni ukuba aqalise ukuqalisa. Umfazi kunye nabantwana bangenangangena endleleni ye-gethama, kuba wayedla ngokuhlala phantsi kwesoyikiso sentshutshiso. I-Volnodumny yenzululwazi kwiXesha Eliqhelekileyo e-Iran - yayiyindibaniselwano eyingozi.Ukwaluphala nokufa
Zonke iinkolelo kunye neencwadi zika-Omar Khayam, ezaye zenza inzala, ziluncinci kuphela zophando, enyanisweni, eneneni, wayenokudlulisa abantu bexeshana kunye nabazukulwana kuphela. Ewe, kuloo minyaka inoburharha, isayensi ifanekisela ingozi kumaziko enkolo, ke ngoko ke waziva engathandeki kwanentshutshiso.
Phambi kwamehlo eHibgoma, ixesha elide yayiphantsi komkhuselo wePadishah, ezinye izazinzulu kunye nabacingayo zigculelwe kwaye zibulawa. IXesha Eliqhelekileyo alikho ndoda lijongwa njengeyona nkulungwane inkulu, iingcinga ezinqabileyo zaziyingozi kubo bobabini abaphulaphuli, nakwinye eyenzekayo. Kwaye ngelo xesha, nakuphi na ukuqonda kwasimahla kwezokuphuthiswa kwezenkolo kwaye uhlalutyo lwabo lunokulingana ngokulula nokungakhathali.
Isithandi-sobulumko uOmar Khayyam wayephila ubomi obumnandi obumnandi, kodwa iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe yayingengomthombo wemvula. Inyani yile yokuba ishumi leminyaka le-Omar Khayyam isebenze kwaye isebenza, ngelixa uphantsi kwenkosi yelizwe. Nangona kunjalo, ngokufa kwakhe, u-Omar watshutshiswa ngenxa yeengcinga zakhe kangangokuba abaninzi balinganisa ukunyelisa. Wayephila ngemihla yokugqibela, ngaphandle kwenkxaso yabantu ababathandayo kwaye eneendlela zokwenza izinto ezifanelekileyo, yaba phantse i-hermit.
Nangona kunjalo, kude kube ngumphefumlo wokugqibela, isithandi-sobulumko esikhuthaza izimvo zakhe kwaye sazibandakanya kwisayensi, sabhala izihlangu zakhe kwaye sanandipha ubomi. Ngokutsho kwembali, i-righyah ishiye ubomi bakhe, ngokuzolileyo, ngokomoya, ngokungathi kunjalo kwishedyuli, ithathe into eyenzekayo. Kwiminyaka engama-83, ngenye imini wachitha usuku lonke emthandazweni, emva koko wenza uhlambe, emva koko wafunda amazwi angcwele waza wasweleka.
Iinyani ezinomdla
U-Omar Khayam wayengenguye oyena mntu ubalaseleyo ebomini, kwaye uninzi lweminyaka emva kokuba ifile, inani layo alizange lenze inzala phakathi kwenzala. Nangona kunjalo, kwinkulungwane ye-Xix, isiNgesi uEdward Edyzherald wafumana iirekhodi ze-Persian Voet, eguqulela ngesiNgesi. Ukwahluka kwemibongo kwabethwa yiBritane, eyafunyanwa, kufundwa kwaye kuxatyiswa kakhulu wonke umsebenzi kaOmar Khayam, emva koko yonke inyanga yakhe yesayensi. I-Nakhodka ichukumise abaguquleli kunye nabo bonke abantu abafundileyo baseYurophu - akukho mntu wayenokukholelwa ukuba kumaxesha akude empuma kwaye asebenze iSayensi ye-Smart.
Imisebenzi yeLobrase yanamhlanje namhlanje i-aphrissisms. I-Jighama Quotes zihlala zifumaneka kwimisebenzi yaseRussia nezamazwe aphesheya kunye neyanamhlanje. Okothusayo kukuba, "Rubii" akazange aphulukane nokubaluleka kweminyaka elikhulu emva kokudalwa kwabo. Olona lwimi lukhanyisayo, oluziintloko lwezihloko kunye nesithembiso ngokubanzi sokuba kufuneka uxabise ubomi, ukuthanda yonke imihla, ukungatshintshiselana yonke le miphefumlo ye-XXI inkulungwane.
Ikamva lelifa lika-Omar Khayama nomfanekiso wembongi ngokwakhe kunye nesithandi-sobulumko sabanjwa, kwaye ingqokelela yemibongo iphinde yaphinda yongezwa. Ikota kaHeyama iyaqhubeka ukuba iphile, iincwadi ngomsebenzi wakhe zineentsana ezininzi kwihlabathi liphela. Ukuhlekisa, kodwa eRashiya, i-Russia imvumi ye-hanna, ummeli wesithsaba esincinci sale pop, erekhodisha i-goruricam yomculo ", kwi-gorurism yomsindo yePersian yePerini ye-Persian Philosopher yacatshulwa.
Iingcinga zembongi zatshintshwa zaba yimithetho yobomi, elandelwa ngabantu abaninzi. Ngapha koko, basebenzisa isizukulwana esincinci kwiinethiwekhi zentlalo. Umzekelo, iivesi ezaziwayo zaziwayo zezobuhlakani buka-Omar Khayama:
"Ukuze ubomi obulumkileyo buphila, asilulo ubomi obuninzi ukwazi,Imigaqo emibini ebalulekileyo yokukhumbula ukuqala:
Ungcono kunokuba ulambile kunento endinayo,
Kwaye kungcono komnye, kunokuba ndifumene. "" Ukubanda ucinga intloko yakho
Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ebomini, yonke into yindalo
Ububi bukhuphe kuwe
Uya kukhunjulwa ngokuqinisekileyo. "" Musani ukulijwili, ndifa, ilahleko yezolo.
Sukulinganisa namhlanje ngomso
Ayinamzuzu okanye umzuzu ozayo
Kholelwa ngomzuzu wangoku - Yonwaba ngoku! "" "Isihogo neParadesi-ezulwini," yithi i-Hadi.
Indilindile, yayiqinisekile ngobuxoki:
Isihogo neParadesi-ingezangqa kwiNkundla yeNkundla yeMiroziya,
Isihogo neParadesi ziziqingatha ezimbini zemiphefumlo "" zilulele ebuthongweni! Ubusuku ngeesakramente oTHANDO LUYADALWA,
Ukuphosa ekhaya, intanda inikiweyo!
Apho kukho iingcango ezikhoyo - bavalela ebusuku,
Kuphela ngumnyango wabathandi-uvulekile! "" Intliziyo! Ubuqili mabuyeke, basebenzise kwangaxeshanye,
Igwebe iwayini, bathi, Kuyingozi.
Ukuba umphefumlo ugqithise owakho kunye nomzimba -
Ihlala imamela imibongo, iwayini yokusela "
Aphorisms zika-Omar Khayama:
"Ukuba iyeza elikhutheleyo lilet kuwe-tour!Ukuba i-naets ilumkileyo yetyhefu - yamkele! "" Ukunkwantyiswa nguMoya kufa phambi kwegama athi "" "Ubungangamsha, inkalipho, inkalipho kunye noloyiko -
Yonke into yokuzalwa kokuzalwa kwemizimba yethu "" esimthandayo, uthanda neentsilelo, nakwesidima sesidima "" Ungatsho ukuba lo mfazi ungumfazi obhinqileyo. Wayeza kuba ngu-Alilyb- ke ngekhe afike kuwe. "