Biography
UMGANGATHO WOKUGQIBELA WAMABILI, I-GREMATICON kunye ne-Anjinier Archimdada yenze into efunyanisiweyo yejometri, ebekelwe iziseko ze-hydrostatic kunye noomatshini, zenziwe njengendawo yokuqala yophuhliso lwesayensi. Iintsomi malunga ne-Archimeee zenziwa ebomini bakhe. Kwiminyaka eliqela, inzululwazi ichithe eAlexandria, apho wadibana khona kwaye yahamba nexesha lakhe namanye amanani akhe amakhulu ezenzululwazi.
I-biography ye-biografieds yaziwa kwimisebenzi yeTitez, i-cicero, i-Plybia, iBlitruvia nabanye ababhali ababehlala kamva ngusosayensi. Vavanya inqanaba lokuthembeka kwale datha kunzima. Kuyaziwa ukuba i-archimedes yazalelwa kwi-Greek Colony yeSirakuse, ibekwe kwiSiqithi seSicily. Utata wakhe, ecinga ukuba, waba yi-Astronomer kunye neMathematiyam. UPlatorn ulale isihlobo esisondeleyo se-Gieron II.
Mhlawumbi, oovimba ofuywayo babenobuntwana baseSirakuse, kwaye basemncinci ukufumana imfundo baya eAlexandria. Kwiinkulungwane ezininzi, esi sixeko besiyiziko lenkcubeko kunye nezenzululwazi lehlabathi libe liburhulumenteni. Inzululwazi yemfundo yamabanga aphantsi, ifunyenwe kuyise. Ukuphila iminyaka emininzi eAlexandria, iArimamedi yabuyela eSirakuse kwaye yahlala apho de kuphezulu ebomini.
Ubunjineli
Umdlali wesayensi ophuhlileyo ophuhlileyo ulwakhiwo loomatshini. Wayicacisa loo mfundiso ineenkcukacha ze-lever kwaye wayisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo le thi ithiyori, nangona into ayiziwa ngokuthe ngqo phambi kwakhe. Ukubandakanya, kwisiseko solwazi kule ndawo, wenza inani leendlela zebhloksi ezikwiindlela zeSicorause. Ezi zixhobo zenza lula ukunyuka kwaye zihambisa imithwalo enzima, ikuvumela ukuba ukhenise umsebenzi wezibuko. Kunye "ne-ofchmimedes screw", enzelwe umzobo wamanzi, isasetyenziswa eYiputa.
Okona kubaluleke kakhulu kukuhlolisisa i-theoretical yesosango kwicandelo lezomatshini. Ukuthembela kubungqina bomthetho we-lever, waqala ukubhala umsebenzi "ekulingani kwamanani abesicaba". Ubungqina busekwe kwi-Axiom yomzimba ngokulinganayo kufuneka ilingane nemfuno. Umgaqo ofanayo wokwakha incwadi-oovinjiwe abaqala ngokubufumana umthetho, kwaye xa ubhala umsebenzi "kwimizimba yokubhukuda". Le ncwadi iqala ngenkcazo yomthetho owaziwayo we-offmededs.
IMathematics kunye neFiziksi
Izinto ezifunyanisiweyo kwicandelo lemathematics yayiyinto yokwenyani yenzululwazi. Ngokutsho kukaPltyarch, ookhokho abalibele ngokutya kunye nokuzikhathalela, xa bemi emnyango wento elandelayo kule ndawo. Olona khuphiswano oluphambili lophando lwemathematics yayiziingxaki zohlalutyo lwezibalo.
Kwanangaphambi kokuba afungelwe, iifomula zenziwe ukubala indawo yesangqa kunye neepoligons, iphiramidi, i-Pone kunye nePrism. Kodwa amava enzululwazi amvumela ukuba aphuhlise iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokubala iivolumu kunye neendawo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uphucule indlela yokupheliswa kwenziwe yincwadi ye-EUDDOX, kwaye wazisa ubuchule ukuyisebenzisa kwinqanaba le-Master. I-offimimedes ayizange ibe nguMdali wethiyori yokungaqhelekanga, kodwa umsebenzi wakhe emva koko waba sisiseko sale ntetho.
Imathematicaritia ikwabeka iziseko ze-charlial coulial. Ngokwembono yejometri, wafunda ukuba ade acinge ngomgca we-tall kwijika, ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ngokwasemzimbeni - isantya somzimba nangaliphi na ixesha. Inzululwazi iqhube ijika elicekeceke libizwa ngokuba yiShishini leShishini. Wafumana indlela yokuqala yokuqala yokufumana i-hyperbole, parabole kunye ne-ellipse. Kuphela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe, izazinzulu zakwazi ukuqaphela ngokupheleleyo kwaye ityhile zonke izimvo zoovimba abafikelela kwala maxesha kwimibhalo eyalondolozayo. Inzululwazi ihlala ingavumi ukuchaza izinto ezithengisa ezincwadini, ezazizosizathu zokuba kungenjalo zonke iifomula ezibhalelwe ngazo nanamhlanje.
Ukufunyanwa kwenzululwazi, inzululwazi ithathele ingqalelo ukuyilwa kwefomula yokubala indawo yomphezulu kunye nomthamo webhola. Ukuba iimeko zangaphambili ze-ARTEARKEDA zihlaziyekile kwaye ziphucule ezinye iithiyori, okanye zenze iindlela zokubala ezikhawulezayo njengenye yeefomula ezisele zikho, emva koko kwimeko yokumiselwa komthamo kunye nomhlaba wokuqala. Phambi kwakhe, akukho nzululwazi zihlangabezana nalo msebenzi. Ke ngoko, ugqirha wezibalo wacela ukunkqonkqoza ilitye lengcwaba lakhe, ebhalwe kwisilinda.
UMthetho woVavanyo
Ukufunyanwa kwesayensi kwintsimi ye-physics yayiyingxelo eyaziwa ngokuba nguMthetho we-AFSHEADES. Yagqiba kwelokuba kuwo wonke umzimba, wantywiliselwa kulwelo, ubeka uxinzelelo kumandla atyhala. Ijolise phezulu, kwaye kububukhulu obulingana nobunzima be-fluid, eyenziweyo ngokubeka umzimba ukuba lube lulwelo, ngaphandle kokuba lunjani lona i-fluid.
Kukho ibali elihambelana nale nto ifunyenweyo. Ngenye imini, iGieron II yathunyelwa kwinzululwazi, owayethandabuza ukuba ubunzima besithsaba senzele ukuba ahlawule ubunzima begolide, eyanikelwa kuyo. I-Archimeda yenze i-iits ezimbini zobunzima obufanayo njengesithsaba: isilivere negolide. Ngokubhekele phaya, watshintshana ezi ntshu ezimbini kwinqanawa enamanzi kwaye waphawula ukuba iganga layo lide landa nini. Emva koko inzululwazi ibeka isithsaba esithwele kwisitya saza safumanisa ukuba amanzi anyukele kwinqanaba lokuvuswa kwakhe xa abekwe kwinqanawa nganye yevots. Ke, kwafunyanwa ukuba inkosi ishiye inxenye yegolide kuye.
Kukho intsomi yokuba ukwenza ukuba eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufumaneni i-physiks yancedwa kukuhlamba. Ngexesha lokuqubha, inzululwazi yatyhola ngomlenze emanzini, yafumanisa ukuba emanzini anobunzima obungaphantsi, kwaye avavanye. Imeko enjalo yayinendawo yokuba, nangona kunjalo, ngoncedo lwayo, inzululwazi yakufumana umthetho wolulu hlobo, kodwa umthetho wobunzima obuthile beentsimbi.
I-Astronomy
I-of offerimede yaba ngumkhuseli weplanethi yokuqala yeplanethi. Xa usisusa esi sixhobo, qaphela:
- Ukuphuma kwelanga inyanga nelanga;
- Ukuhambisa iiplanethi ezintlanu;
- Ukunyamalala kwenyanga nelanga emva komgca wendawo ethe tyaba;
- Izigaba kunye nenyanga yenyanga.
Inzululwazi izamile ukwenza ifomula ukubala imigama ukuya kwiziqu zasezulwini. Abaphandi bakule mihla bacebisa ukuba i-Archimeda ithathe iZiko leHlabathi. Wayekholelwa ukuba iVenus, iMars kunye neMercury ijikeleze ilanga, kwaye yonke inkqubo ijikeleza umhlaba.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bobuqu bosayensi buyaziwa kancinci malunga nesayensi yakhe. Baninzi ngakumbi kwaye abantu ababephila ngexesha elininzi malunga nemathematics, i-physics kunye nenjineli. Intsomi ithi ngenye imini iGieron II yagqiba kwelokuba iveze kwisipho sePtolemy, ukumkani waseYiputa, umsonto we-minet. Isikhephe samanzi sagqiba kwelokuba siyinike igama "Syocusta", kodwa alingenanga ngamanzi nangayiphi na indlela.
Kule meko, umlawuli kwakhona wabhenela kwiArhhimeda. Ukusuka kwiibhloko ezininzi, wakha le nkqubo, ukuba i-decent yenqanawa enzima yakwazi ukwenza ngokuhamba kwesandla. Ukuba uyakholelwa kwiintsomi, ngeli xesha lokuhamba, i-Archimedes yathi:
Ndinike inqaku lejele, ndiliguqule ilizwe.Ukufa
Ngo-212 BC, ngexesha lemfazwe yesibini ye-punic, iinkqubo zabekwa amaRoma. I-Archimeda isebenzise kakuhle ulwazi lobunjineli ukunceda abantu bakhe baphumelele. Ke, wakhanyisa ukuphosa oomatshini, ngoncedo lwemfazwe yeSiracule yaphosa iqela elichasayo ngamatye anzima. Xa amaRoma aquka ezindongeni zesixeko, enethemba lokuba abayi kuwa phantsi kwetyhefu, enye into egciniweyo yayizixhobo zokutshintsha kancinci zesenzo esisondeleyo-zanceda i-nuclei.
Inzululwazi incedise abantu bawo kwiimfazwe zaselwandle. Amaqhinga aphuhliswe kuye wabamba izitya zohlaselo ezinqeni zentsimbi, wazikhulisa kancinci, emva koko waziphosa. Ngenxa yoku, iinqanawa zajika zaza zaphela. Ixesha elide, ezi crenes zazigqalwa njengeentsomi, kodwa ngo-2005 iqela labaphandi labonisa ukusebenza kwezi zixhobo ngokwazisa ngenkcazo egciniweyo.
Enkosi kwimizamo yolwazi olufumekileyo, amaRoma amaRoma amaRoma awela ekuhlaseleni kweSixeko. Emva koko bagqiba kwelokuba baye kungqingo. Ekwindla ye-212 BC, ikoloni yathatyathwa ngamaRoma ngenxa yokuvukela. I-offeeded ngexesha lesehlo yabulawa. Ngokutsho kwenye inguqulelo enye, imvu yaseRoma yamtshisa, ekugxekeni isazinzulu ngenxa yokuba weza kumzobo wakhe.
Abanye abaphandi bathintela ukuba indawo yokufa yabekwa eludongeni yaba yilebhoratri yakhe. Inzululwazi yatyholwa kakhulu, eyala ngokukhawuleza ilandele ijoni laseRoma, eyalelwa ukuba liphume kwimfazwe. Ukuba ngomsindo kwale ixhego ngekrele lakhe.
Kukho ukwahluka kweli bali, nangona kunjalo, bahlangana nepolitiki yamandulo yaseRoma kunye neMfazwe yase-Arcello yayilusizi kakhulu kukusweleka kwesayensi kwaye, i-faces kunye ne-facelimed ye-arshhimeda ivukelo. I-cicero, eyafumana inkcitho yabafundi kwiminyaka eli-137 ubudala emva kokuba efile, yabona ibhola, yabhalwa kwincwadi yakhe, yabhalwa kwisilinda.
Imisebenzi
- I-Quade Parabolla
- Malunga nebhola kunye nesilinda
- Malunga neSpirals
- Malunga ne-conoids kunye ne-spiroids
- Kwindlela yokulingana kwamanani aflethi
- Umyalezo e-Eretosthene malunga nendlela
- Kwimizimba edadayo
- Ukulinganisa isangqa
- I-PSEMIMIT.
- I-scoculathisi.
- Umsebenzi we-offimimedes malunga neenkunzi zeenkomo
- Phatha malunga nokwakha ecaleni kwebhola yomlinganiso womzimba oneziseko ezilishumi elinesine
- Incwadi yemm
- Incwadi ekwakhiweni kwesangqa esahlulwe ngokwamalungu asixhenxe alinganayo
- Incwadi yezangqa