Imbali yomlinganiswa
Isimo sengqondo sika-Julsidson URichardson URichardson uRobert uRobert ubhengezwe okokuqala ngqa kuncwadi lwehlabathi lonke oluxabisekileyo kubo bonke ubukhosi bakhe bonke banoyolo. Umfana ongumNgesi uxelele abafundi ibali eliyintsundu elilahlekileyo kwaye wawa nenekazi eliselula, libeka uphawu oluphambili lwefayibha enkulu kunye neqhawe elininzi. Nangona kunjalo, inqabile inqabile, wayesiqonda isono sakhe, wasodwa, ophuphayo, engeka kukhulula ityala phambi kwentombazana engenatyala.
Amagama abizwa ngokuba ngamagama amiselwe ukuba abe ngoonobumba abatyunjwe njengamagama e-Don Juan kunye nomntu odumileyo kwabasetyhini ukusuka kwi-wivanov. Kwiminyaka engama-250, babiza i-liubrers, ukuxhoma kwaye bafuna i-advents yothando.
Imbali yendalo
Umfo ongumNgesi uSamuweli Rilidyson, ubomi bakhe bonke basebenza njengomshicileli kwaye kamva baba ngumnini wendlu yokuprinta, umsebenzi ogqibeleleyo ngohlobo lwe-Epistolary - umsebenzi ufuna imbalelwano ebanzi. Abantu bexesha elidlulileyo babhiyozela indlela awayekususayo yokubhala kunye nolwazi olunzulu kwi-psychology yabantu. Ngezo ntsuku, ukukwazi ukunxibelelana ngeeleta kwakuphelelwa kakhulu, kuba yayikuphela kwendlela yokugcina unxibelelwano kumgama. Nje ukuba indawo engqongileyo yombhali yexesha elizayo icele ukuba yenze incwadi, apho iintloko zembalelwano ziya kungeniswa kwishelufa.
Imbono ephantsi kwesihloko sokusebenza "Isikhokelo seZibhalo Ze-Galadan" sadlula ngaphaya kwesakhelo sencwadi elula "Pamela, okanye ungqokelela woonobumba abalungileyo KuBazali, ukwakha abafana kunye namantombazana ... ". Incwadi yokuziphatha yeza kwintshukumo yabafundi, kwaye umbhali, epeyintwe yimpumelelo, kwakhona yathatha ipeni.
Ngo-1748, kwiminyaka emine kamva, inoveli "uClarissa Gallow, ibali lentombazana eselula, eyamzukisa uMdali wakhe wazalwa. Umhla wokukhululeka komsebenzi waphawula ukuqala kwe "Invouli yoncwadi" eYurophu.
NgesiNgesi "ongenalo uthando" njenge-libertine, indoda engabaziyo uthando. Kodwa koovimba be-Great Britain, amaxwebhu aqinisekisa ukuba ii-lovelas ziyifani yenye yeentsapho zesiNgesi ezidumileyo. Umbhali ubolekwe ukuba abe ngumlinganiswa hayi ngamathuba. Kwinkulungwane ye-16 ukuya kweli-17, ababhali bahlala besebenzisa amagama kunye namagama abantu ababephila ngexesha labo.
Kodwa le ndlela yokusebenza iwile kubabhali ukugungqa komsindo, kwathi ufike kwiinkundla - "iiprototypes" zazibona ezincwadini, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha aziveli kwihlathi. Kwaye okokugqibela kosapho lukaLovlasas basweleka kwishumi leminyaka ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwenoveli yamaRoma.
Umbhali waba ngumsunguli kuncwadi, wafumana indlela entsha yolwazi lwenyani: Xa umfundi ebona isiganeko esifanayo namehlo abalinganiswa aliqela, kwaye, kuthetha ukuba kwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke ntoni . Olu luhlobo lwe-epistolary ukufezekisa oku.
Umfanekiso kunye neyelenqe
Inqaku lenoveli linengxaki. Umbhali wakhe umsebenzi ngesiseko semvakalelo yokuziphindezela. Abalinganiswa abaziintloko baziphindezela omnye komnye, kwaye iziphumo zomzabalazo zithathwa sisityebi kumlinganiswa ongonwabanga- i-16 i-16 Clarissa. Intombazana eneminyaka eli-16 ubudala uClarissa. I-robert lovelanks - i-aristocracract enemifanekiso enobuchule, ivuyisa iqhawe likaJames Garloi. Ulutsha lwakhawuleza lwakhawuleza, kwaye ukusukela ngoko, uTellausi wavinjwa kwiHarhou.
I-cicle Clarissa yanyanzela intombazana ukuba itshatele inkohlakalo nokubawa yiyo, kodwa uthando luziva luphakathi phakathi kwakhe kwaye luthando ngembalelwano. Ngokwazi kwe-Aristocract, umbono wazalwa ukuziphindezela kusapho oluthile ngentombi yakhe. Izabelo zehempe phantsi kwegama lentsomi ecaleni kwe-estate Garloi kwaye ibukele ubomi bexhoba.
Ngesinye isihlandlo, ngexesha lentlanganiso, elumkele, intombazana leyo inika le ntombazana, yazisa abazali bayo, kwaye ikhulula kwiTriton. AbaseKlaisians banceda ukugcina uClarissa, afihliwe "kwizihlobo ezikhulu" uRobert. Ngamaxesha athile, olu bhinqa lokunganyaniseki ludlwengule, azabacebisa ukuba bakwenze nabathinjiweyo.
Kodwa iprotagonist ayikangxami, ukuba ibe ngumdlalo onzima. Uyakuthembisa ukutshata uClariss, uyalalalisa ilizwi lakhe. Imeko yokumiswa "phakathi kwethemba kunye nethandabuza" iqhuba intombazana ephambeneyo, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukutshintsha imeko, kuba ilahlekile emehlweni oluntu.
Okwangoku, izithandwa ziqiqele kwiileta eziya kumhlobo uBelford ukuba abafazi banetyala kwaye baqinisekile ukuba inenekazi liza kuhlala lithobekile ngonaphakade. Nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuba ulahle abathinjiweyo, nto leyo iyacaphukisa indoda. Zonke iindlela zidilize iindlebe, zoyi ucule intombi eneepilisi zokulala, ndimzukise. Kodwa ke, ikratshi, ekufundeni ukuba uyenzile intanda, uthatha isigqibo sokuba abaleke kwiTriton. Izilumkiso ngequbuliso ziyaqonda ukoyikeka kwesenzo kwaye sizama ukususa ityala, kodwa sifumana i-retfff-intombazana iyala isicelo sakhe kunye neentliziyo, ziwe kwaye zifa.
Ekulahlekelweni, uRobert Lohallas ushiya iNgilani, kwaye emva kwexesha afe kwi-duel enesalamane se-duels sine-clarissa, eguquka ngokupheleleyo kwi-farissa enganyanisekanga ngokunxulumene nentombazana.
USamuel Ricchaarson wadala ubuntu bokubamba kwengqondo. Kukuthi nanamhlanje izilumkiso - igama elithi igama elithi, i-verantiy kunye nomfazi. Kwangelo xesha, iqhawe lenoveli labonakala umlingane wentlukwane, ihle kwaye iye kuthi ga ngoku. Umbhali waseFransi kunye nesithandi-sobulumko uDesis Dero wanika uvavanyo lwegorha lomsebenzi wakhe "uzukise uRichardson":
"I-Livelace idityaniswe isidima esinqabileyo sinezinto ezimbi, ukuthoba - ngesisa, ubunzulu-nge-rivolis, i-gusty-yokuphola, ukuqonda."Iinyani ezinomdla
I-Pungkin ikhankanya izihlandlo ezininzi kwi-Engennia Oltien, eyayinguTajanina yayinguSamuel wambeka 'uMdali oyinyani'. Ngo-1824, imbongi enkulu yaseRussia, ifunda le ncwadi inoveli, ivumile kwileta eya kum umntakwabo:
"Ndifunde uClarissa: Akukho simbonono, Esi sisidenge!"Kodwa kamva "ekuhambeni kwe-moscow ukuya eSt. Petersburg", uAlexander Sergeeevich wazithambisa uvavanyo:
"Abafundi abaninzi baya kuvuma nam ukuba u-Clarissa udissa kakhulu kwaye uyadinisa, kodwa ngayo yonke indlela uRichardson onesidima esingaqhelekanga."I-Clarissa Gallow ibhekisa kwinani lemisebenzi ende yoncwadi yesiNgesi, inoveli inamagama esigidi.
Umsebenzi woncwadi kaRichardson, oqulathe iivolumu ezisixhenxe, waprintwa ngamalungu. Umntu okhankanyiweyo we-advents lothando watyalwa emphefumlweni wabantwana ababephila ngexesha lombhali kwaye walala ubusuku kwimithi yombhali, ukuze ufunde iindaba xa ulinde ukuqhubeka kwakuqhubeka. Abalandeli bathetha ngokumthanda uThixo, njengoko kuye kwacenga icebo, lacela umbhali ukuba angayixheli i-Clariss. Kodwa i-heroine enkulu ayizange ihlale ihleli.
Engaqhelekanga, kodwa kwi-cinema yothando lokuhlala ixesha elide, kodwa kwilizwe lakhe. Ngo-1991, uRobert Burman wasusa uluhlu "uClarissa", apho kwenziwe indima enkulu nguSean Bean. Ukukhuselwa ngokusekwe kwinoveli kubandakanya neziqendu ezine. UBina ulawulwe ngobubele adlulisela ngobuchule iimpawu ezichaseneyo zohlobo lomfazi wesiNgesi, umlinganiswa obangela intiyo, uvelwano kunye novelwano ngaxeshanye.
Kwiminyaka engama-70s ye-19s, i-opera ye-odrac ebizwa ngokuba ngu "Clarissa Gallow" yayiza kudala umqambi waseFrance georges bizet. I-Brainch yengqondo eqalisiweyo ngokunxulumene nokufa ayizange iphumelele.
I-Lovelace kwi-skirt ibizwa ngokuba zii-fagual supdyuli. Ubuchule babantu awazi imida, kwaye igama elithi (igama elithi ngamanye amaxesha lisetyenziswa ngokunxulumene nabasetyhini:
"Wahamba emoyeni wakhe uthando,Kubafazi, yonke into yiwayini, nentloko.
Wahekisa wonke umntu ngobulumko
Kodwa ngequbuliso ndafumana uthando ... "