Biography
Nge-14 kaJuni, ngo-1928, kwabo bahlali bobukhulu baseArgentina, isixeko saseRosario sazalwa inkwenkwe e-Ernesto Guevara, ukutywina kwimbali njenge-Porbalman, iguquko.
Che guevara (igama lesidlaliso-i-pierce-igama "che" lasetyenziswa ngu-Ernest ngenjongo yokuchaza uluntu kwiingcambu kunye nexesha elifanayo, benza izinto ezinobunkunkqele, benza izinto ezininzi amazwe awahlukeneyo.
Uguquko lwazalwa lwazalwa kwintsapho ye-bourgeois. Utata wakhe wayengumyinge, kwaye umama uyinzala yokutshata. Imvelaphi yamaqabane adityanisiweyo kunye ne-argentine collaught (i-European abafuduki), kodwa nakwintsapho kaKhe Guevara kunye neCreolev eCalifornia.
Ekuqaleni, abazali begosa elizayo baphila eBuenos Aires, emva kokuba bafudukele ku-Anyanisi, apho uSelia (umama) wancedwa ulilo. Ukuzama ukufumana ngokunyaniseka nangokufanelekileyo, ukuhlawula abasebenzi bemivuzo, ethi ngaloo mihla yayijongwa 'phakathi kwabasebenzi, babangela ukuba umsindo wabakhuphisana nabo. Ngenxa yoko, intsapho ye-Enesto kwafuneka iye eRosario, apho wazalwa khona unyana wabo.
Abanye abantwana bakhuliswa kwintsapho ye-Guevary-oodade ababini (uSpilia noAnna-maria) kunye nabantakwabo ababini (URoberto noJuan-Martin). Ngaphandle kweminyaka enzima, ingxaki yezoqoqosho kweli lizwe, abantwana bentsapho yoYilo bafumana imfundo ephezulu emva koko.
Tete (obizwa ngokuba nguKi che guevar ebuntwaneni) wayengumntwana obuhlungu. Xa wayeneminyaka emibini ubudala, wajamelana nesifo esinzima, kwaye wazama ukulwa nobomi bakhe obu. Abazali baka-Ernesto bagqiba kwelokuba bafudukele kwindawo entsha yokuhlala ekhangela imiqathango efanelekileyo yobuqhetseba.
Kwiphondo le-cordoba yayiyiminyaka yabantwana ye-CK Guevara. Ngenxa yokugula kwakhe, inkwenkwe yayingakwazi ukuya esikolweni ixesha elithile kunye noontanga, kodwa sele eneminyaka ezine efundileyo ukuba ayifunde.
U-Ernesto uphumelele kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo eAlta-Graysia, emva koko wangena kwikholeji. Emva kokuphela kwakhe (ngo-1945), imvumi yexesha elizayo yagqiba kwelokuba ibe ngugqirha, ukugqiba amaxwebhu kwiYunivesithi yaseBuenos Aires. Eyunivesithi, che guevara wafumana ugqirha okhethekileyo kunye ne-dermatologist.
Ngokwedatha yebhayiloji, umfana oselula wayenomdla kuye kungekuphela nje, kodwa nangezinye iisayensi.
Imeko enkulu yanikwa kwi-Ernesto eselula isebenza uLenin, uMarx, iBaqunin, kunye nabanye. Ubudlelwane be-boorists. Che Guevara wayengumntu waseFransi, wayeyazi imibongo emininzi, ebandakanyekile ngokubhala imigca yakhe.
I-Asmasma yayiphazamiseka amaxesha ngamaxesha yi-guevar, kodwa ayizange iyeke kwezemidlalo. Kwiminyaka yolutsha, i-Ernesto idweliswe kwiqela lebhola ekhatywayo, ityelele ngovuyo ihashe, yayinezakhono ezilungileyo kwigalufa, kwaye wahamba naye ngebhayisekile. Kwibhayiloji yomsebenzi we-cuban, ulwazi lwalondolozwa malunga nendlela umtsha ka-Che Guevara wazisa ifoto yakhe yomtshakazi ngokubhalisa "uKumkani we-pedal" kuyo.
Iindlela zokuhamba
U-Ernesto owayehamba ebutsheni bakhe. Njengomfundi waseyunivesithi, wagqiba kwelokuba azivavanye njengomatiloshe, aqeshile kwinqanawa yempahla (1950). Ke watyelela iBritish Guiana, oh. I-Trinidad. Ngapha koko, che guevara waba lilungu lephulo lentengiso leMicron, elandicebisa umfana othile kwimveliso yayo.
Ukufumana umhlaba, izinto ezintsha ze-Ernesto zatyelela amazwe awahlukeneyo. Iindawo ezininzi ezinomdla ezinomdla zixelele umfana oneqabane lakhe elithembekileyo - uAlberto Granado (uGqirha biochemistry). Kunye naye, waya naye, iPeru, izixeko zamandulo zaseIndiya, njl njl.
Umbuzo ophakamayo apho umfundi oselula wayenemali? Amaqabane afunyanwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: Ukusebenza ngabasebenzi, izitya zesepha kwintsimi yokutya, enikezwe iinkonzo ze-geterinarian, njl .. ngamanye amaxesha abantu abaphefumlelweyo bachitha ubusuku bonke ehlathini okanye ebaleni.
Ngexesha lokuhamba eColombia, che Guevara wabona izinto ezoyikisayo ezazigubungela ilizwe ngexesha lemfazwe yamakhaya. Ngalo ngokuthe ngcembe uvuke ubume boguquko.
Ukuhamba kwiindawo ezinomtsalane ze-Ernesto kwizifundo ezifanayo, kwaye ngo-1952 wakwazi ukhusela ngokufanelekileyo idiploma kwizifo ze-allergic. Xa wafumana ugqirha okhethekileyo, i-vati yathumela "ukuthunyelwa kwenguquko" eVenezuela, apho isithuba esikhululekileyo savela e-Leprosaria, kodwa ingcali igqibile ukutshintsha indlela, ishiya iGuatemala.
Emva kokuphumelela kwiDyunivesithi yaseKe Guevara, kodwa umntu wagqiba kwelokuba aye kubuqhetseba, aze ngokuchasene nohlaselo lwe bropchial esele lukhona emzimbeni wakhe.
Ukufika kwakhe eGuatemala kwiRiphabhlikhi, imfazwe, ibhombu yelizwe kuMbindi Merika Hakopha Intshutshiso kunye nengcinezelo yabemi abanxulumene nodidi lweengcinga za ngasekhohlo.
Ke, che guevara wajoyina umjelo wobutshaba. Wanceda abachasi bolawulo olutsha kuthutho lwezixhobo, bancedisa kwimililo. Ngenxa yoko, oonontlalontle balahlekile, kwaye iArgentina yawa kwinani lezaphuli-mthetho elizweni, elilindeleke ukuba likohlwaye kwaye likohlwaya kwaye liphindezelele ukuvukela umbuso.
U-Ernesto wanyanzelwa ukuba asebenze. Indlu yozakuzo yaseArgentina iye yaba yindawo yokusabela, kwaye ngo-1954 uGuevara wafudukela kwiSixeko saseMexico. Apha wazama ukusebenza njengentatheli, umfolili, ogadayo, efuna ulwahlulo olungaqhelekanga.
Kwangelo xesha, i-Ernesto itshatile yintombazana awayedibana nayo eGuatemala - Ilda Gada. Emva kwexesha elithile, che guevara uzinzile kwisibhedlele sendawo. Ngo-1955, umhlobo wakhe wakudala weza e-Ernesto. Lo mfana waba yinguqu yeCuba. Intlanganiso engahleliwe yagqitywa sisiphakamiso sokuba yinxalenye yentshukumo yoguquko ngokuchasene ne-Cuba Diskkhali kwaye uye kuhambo kwiSiqithi seCaribbean. Ngaphandle kokucingisisa ixesha elide, iArgentina yavuma.
Uhlaziyo lweCuba
NgoJulayi ngo-1955, uMzalwana uMkhuhlane e-Ernesto wafika kwisiXeko saseMexico evela e-USA - Fidel Dostro. Bebonke baba ziinkokeli eziphambili zentshukumo ezayo eCuba.
Ukulungiselela ukuqhubeka kwabangela ubunzima kubathathi-nxaxheba bayo. Ngenxa yokuphuculwa kolwazi olufihlakeleyo, uKe noFidel banjwa phantsi, kodwa bahlangulwa kukhuseleko lwenkcubeko kunye noluntu. UGuevara ukhuthazwe ejele iintsuku ezingama-57, kwaye emva kwe-ECODDEMGENCE YOVUMO.
Ukuhlaselwa kweentsilelo ngaseMexico kwaye waya eCuba. Inqanawa yenqanawa yenzeka ngoNovemba 25, 1956. Elwandle, uErnesto kunye nabaxhasi bakhe babeyinqanawa yawa ngenqanawa, bawela phantsi kolawulo lorhulumente wengingqi. Abantu basweleka, abanye babanjwa. Che Guevara kunye nokunye abaguqukayo baba ziinxalenye.
Ingozi ebulalayo yayihlala i-Ernesto ejikelezileyo, kwindawo yokuthintela inxaxheba waba lixhoba lesilamu. Ngexesha lonyango, uguquko oluselula funda kakhulu, wabhala imisebenzi yakhe, wakhokelela kwidayari yakho.
Ngo-1957, abavukeli bakwazile ukuthatha ulawulo lweminye imimandla yeCuba (iSierra Maestra intaba), amajoni amatsha aqala ukuvela - abaxhasi bezithuthi kunye nabachasi be-batista.
Emva koko i-Ernesto ifumene isihloko semikhosi "Chendante" sakhokelela kwikoloni evela kumanye amajoni. Ngaxeshanye kunye nezenzo zomkhosi zeGuevara zikhokelele kwi-propaganda esebenzayo emelwe ngumhleli wephephandaba "yasimahla iCuba".
Uvukelo luthathe i-turnover enkulu enkulu. I-TAPISA iISUSHENGO UXANDUVA NABALUNGISELELO BAMABHUNGA OLUKHAWULEYO Umkhosi ufikelelwa ngu-Mssam we-Escambray, nasemva kweGuevara amandla e-Las Villas.
Ngexesha lenguquko, abavukeli baqhuba inani lotshintsho olwenziwe ngamava ohlangeneyo bagqibe kwelokuba baxhase iinguqu ezinobutshaba. Kumlo weSanta Clara (Junuwari 1, 1959), umkhosi we-radendante waphumelela, kwaye iBatistali yaseCuta, ekufudukele kwelinye ilizwe.
Ukwamkelwa nozuko
Inkokeli yabavukeli ifumene i-dume kwihlabathi lonke, ngo-1959 isisa saba ngummi waseCuba ngokommiselo worhulumente waseFidel.
Njengomphathiswa wecandelo, uKhe waya kumazwe azokhenketho lwehlabathi. Watyelela iPakistan, iBurma, eJapan neminye imimandla.
Emva koko, che guevar kwafuneka alwe. Ubudlelwane be-US kunye norhulumente we-cubajikingikazi ophangiweyo. Isiqithi seNkululeko siyindawo yohlaselo lotshaba, umsebenzi wokuxhathisa wakhokelwa ngu-Ernesto. Abantu baseMelika balahlekile, isicwangciso sabo asiphumelelanga.
Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, iCuba che guevara ixakeke izithuba zikarhulumente, ezenziwa ngeentetho zikawonke-wonke (i-sulowans), zilandele imigaqo yayo, ngamanye amaxesha zangena kwingxabano. Ngasihlandlo sithile, i-Ernesto yagqiba kwelokuba ishiye iCuba, esenza izigqibo ngokwakhe. Wabhalela abazali kunye ne-frewell ye-frewell kwaye wathula iRiphabhlikhi (intwasahlobo ngo-1965).
Sishiye isiqithi senkululeko, uGuevara waya eCongo, apho kule minyaka inxaxheba yezopolitiko yaqwalaselwa. I-Ernesto kunye nomkhosi omncinci we-Cubane wanceda ekushukumiseni iivhafeni zeTyala yeNtlalontle.
Uhlaselo oludumileyo lwabelana ngamava omlo, uthathe inxaxheba ngenkuthalo kwinguqu. Wanceda ekufezekiseni ezinye izinto ezithe nkqi bontlalontle, kodwa zabekwa iinjongo zangaphambili aziphumelelanga. Ngenxa yoko, iqela lalivela eCongo. Indawo elandelayo yemisebenzi yakhe yayise-Afrika (ekwindla 1965).
Apha i-Ernesto yagula ngesifo seengcongconi, uhlaselo lwe-Asmacks lwaqaliswa. Che Guevara uye kunyango kwiRiphartium yase-Czetorium yaseCzetorium yaseCzetorium yaseCzech, kodwa ehlala kwindawo ethe cwaka, akazange ayeke ukucwangcisa iintshukumo ezintsha zotshintsho.
Ngo-1966, wabuyela eCuba ukuba akhokele ekukhokeleni kwe-bolivia. Waba sisisongelo sokwenene kwi-CIA, ukubulawa kwenguquko, urhulumente ongurhulumente wabhengeza umvuzo ochukumisayo. Kwintsimi yeBolivia Guevara yaphila iinyanga ezili-11.
Ubomi Buqu
Uthando lokuqala lukaGuevara luphuhlise umzala wakhe uCarmen. Intombazana yamkelekile ukudanisa kunokuba inomdla kakhulu onomdla oselula.
Ebutsheni bakhe, umfundi ongumfundi wase-Ernesto wayethandana nentombazana evela kwi-Cardoba. Izandla zakhe ezihamba, kodwa ziyafana naphesheya kumtya, akakwazanga ukufaka isangqa "esikhethekileyo" sabanini bomhlaba. Imitshato ayizanga, kuba Umama kaMariya waqiniseka intombi yakhe ukuba yonakalise ukuzibandakanya.
Ubomi bonke be-Guevary babanjwa kumzabalazo wengcinga yenkululeko kunye nokulingana kwabantu abaqhelekileyo, ke uthando lwabasetyhini oluvela kwinguqulo lwazalwa luzalelwe kwiimfazwe kunye nokuvukelwa. Ukusuka kumtshato wokuqala kunye no-Ilda Akoshta (utshatile eMexico, wadibana eGuatemala), intombazana leyo yazalwa yona. Amaqabane abizwa ngokuba yintombazana i-Ildid. Kukho uluvo lokuba umfazi wokuqala wabangela impilo yezopolitiko kwiHevara.
Ngexesha lemfazwe, utata wabhala echukumisa iileta zentombi yakhe. Intsapho yaqhekeka iminyaka emine ubomi obunzima bomtshato emgama.
Ngo-1959, che guevara utshatile kwakhona. Umfazi wakhe wesibini waba yintombazana uAleid, owayengumntu kwintshukumo yoguquko eCuba. Ubudlelwane babo bubotshelelwe ngaphambi koqhawulo-mtshato lwenguqu nge-Ilsa. Imbono eManyeneyo yamaqabane lazalwa yabantwana abane.
Kancinci uyaziwa malunga nothando lokugqibela lwe-ernesto - iSetisan Thane. Umfazi ka-Argentine wafunda ngaye kuphela emva kokusweleka kwendoda yakhe.
Ukufa
Ukugoba kwabafundi, i-Ernesto yathuthukelwa kakhulu. Wala ukwazisa amagosa, kwaye ngo-Okthobha 9, 1967, che guevar wadutyulwa. Umzimba wakhe oswelekileyo warhoxiswa wabekwa wonke umntu ukuba ahlole. Abanye abantu abavukelayo bangcwatyelwa kwingcwaba elikhulu. Idusha ifunyenwe kuphela ngo-1997.
"I-icon yenguqu yehlabathi" e-Ernesto Guevar inikezelwe kwingoma. Iifilimu ezininzi zadutyulwa ngobomi bakhe ("iidayari zoluhlu lwezithuthuthu", "che", njl njl), ividiyo yeeplani, iinkqubo.
Namhlanje, i-t-shirts ngomfanekiso weqhawe yiprototype yomoya wotshintsho, imbeko kumphathi omkhulu. Kwaye nge-8 ka-Okthobha, iholide kwi-heroc tagsan yayibhiyozela kakhulu eCuba, eyayingu-Ernesto.
Iikowuti
Ukuba uqala ukuguqula imvakalelo kuyo yonke into engalunganga, emva koko undirwele. Ukuthula kukuqhubeka kwembambano ngezinye iindlela. Usizi ukuba ungabi nabahlobo, kodwa ungabi nazo iintshaba.I-filmography
- "Che!" -1969
- "Che Guevara: Iidayari zendlela yezithuthuthu" - 2004
- "Che" - 2005
- "Izandla Che Guevara" - 2006
- "Che" - 2008