Biography
I-Saladine ngumlawuli wase-Egypt noSyria, owayehlala kwi-XII kwinkulungwane. Ummeli wokuqala wobukumkani be-Ayubid, ababengena kwibali lemikhosi ye-Islamic kwi-Islatic kwi-knights-crusaders.
Inkokeli yexesha elizayo yamaSilamsi Mbindi wazalwa ngo-1138 eTikrit. Utat'omkhulu notata wenkwenkwe babemvelaphi ye-kurds kwaye bakhonza kwimikhosi yaseTurkic-syria ngamagosa, kodwa inkwenkwe ukusebuntwana, kwaye ingafikeleliyo emkhosini. Wafunda iAlgebra, iJometri, ngokukodwa, wayeqhelene ne-Euclide kunye neAlmag. Kodwa uninzi lwazo zonke, isaladin yayinomdla kwiimfundiso ze-Islam. Lo mfana wacaphula naphi na ukusuka e-Hamas, ingqokelela yemibongo yababhali baseArabhu, kunye nemisebenzi ngu-Abu Tammama. I-Saladine yamthanda i-Skakunov kwaye yayisazi kakhulu malunga nabo. Uye wangena kumlibo wabantu kwaye unokuphinda ahlawule i-biography yegorha langaphambili okanye elikhoyo.
Ukucamngca ngekamva lehlabathi, umfana wawusezile kakuhle ukuba aqalise umsebenzi wasemkhosini. Isaladi isele ikhathazekile malunga nekamva lelizwe lama-Arab kwiminyaka yokuqala, apho utata notatomkhulu bammelana naye. Umalume uAsdad Adad Ad-Dis Shirkuh uba ngumcebisi wokuqala womfana okufundisa umkhosi. I-Saladin ikwazi ukufutshane ukungena kwinqanaba eliphezulu lemigodi enamandla yomkhosi uAmir Damasko Nur-Ad-Dina.
Emva kokuqala kweMfihlakalo ngo-1096, amaSilamsi ayefuna ukukhulula kwiSixeko esiNgcwele esiNgqobholweni, apho ukunyukela komprofeti olwenziwe kwisifuba sesixhenxe kwenzeka. Ke ngoko, abalawuli baseArabhu bakhokelela kumzabalazo ovuthayo kunye nabachasi belungelo lokufumana iYerusalem, kwaye le mfazwe iyinjongo yobomi besaladi.
Kwi-26, isaladi yathatha inxaxheba kwiphulo lenkululeko yenkululeko yenkululeko yamajoni kamalume wakhe. UShirkuh wanceda ukubuyiselwa kweBhodi yeBhodi yase-Egypt kaShevara, kodwa kwangaxeshanye wacwangcisa ukuthandwa kwemimandla yombuso. Imeko enjalo yemicimbi ayimfanelanga nomlawuli, wacela uncedo kuKumkani u-Amori uAmori i. Umkhosi wamaShirkie wayekwinqaba yaseBillbe, eyaqalisa ukuphawula. I-Saladine kwezi bugs ezinomkhosi wezakhono zomkhosi, kunye nokukwazi ukucinga ngobuchule.
Ukungqinga i-bilbeis yenyanga ezintathu, amajoni eShevara, kunye namasebe, abuyiselwe kwintlango, efakwe entshona yeGiza. Isaladi yamkele umyalelo wephiko lasekunene lomkhosi, kwaye emva kwedabi elinegazi lahlula utshaba, lwaqhuba amajoni kwiSands engafakwanga ngamahashe. I-Shirchich yaphuma kwidabi ngabaphumeleleyo, kodwa ngelahleko enkulu.
Indawo yokukhutshelwa kwe-charsaders esabela kwaye ingena kubo kwiinzuzo zobuntu, ukuba yikomkhulu laseYiputa, ngelixa isaladin noShirkuh bahlala eAlexandria. Kwiminyaka emine kamva, abaqulunqi bavuma ukumka eYiputa. Kunyaka emva koko, uHestar wayethinjwa kwaye wabulawa ngumkhosi kaShirum, kwaye uSaladin wahamba. UMlawuli waseNur-Dean, owayewuthobele ngaphambili umlo, kodwa wangonelisekanga yityiwa ka-Saladin, kodwa kungekudala bafumana ulwimi oluqhelekileyo.
Ibhunga lolawulo
Ngo-1174, uNur-Dean wasweleka ngequbuliso kwi-Asina yase-Asina, kwaye i-tultun i-Egypt yakwazi ukuba ngumfazi weDamasko kunye nomphathi weSiriya. Usebenzisa ukuphazamiseka kwezopolitiko kwimicimbi yenkokeli elahlekileyo yeDamasko, kunye namandla okuhlasela, isaladi kwamkelwa njengeNtloko yoMbuso kunye nowokhuhlalo lwe-Ayubhali. Ukudibanisa umhlaba wase-Igypt neSyria, uSaladin waba ngumlawuli wendawo enkulu eMbindi Mpuma.
Ukwenzela ukomeleza amandla abo, isaladi isetyenziswe izalamane ezisondeleyo kuzo zonke izithuba zikarhulumente eziphambili. Umphathi wadala umkhosi wale mihla, owayengalingani ngelo xesha, womeleza iflotilla. Ukuguqulwa kukaRhulumente kunye nomkhosi kaSaladin wavakalisa imfazwe ngendawo ephosakeleyo yaseMalaya Asia. Ummelwane onjalo woyika i-Emperor Byzantium Elexey i kwaye inyanzelwe ukuba icele uncedo kunye nokukhuselwa kuPopu.
Imfazwe
Umlo nxamnye nekrutheni, owahlala eJerusalem, waqala ngo-1187, xa esenza ubukhosi obunamandla obuqulathe umhlaba wesixeko esingcwele. Umkhosi ongenantlonelo oquka abatoli kangangexesha elide, ihashe ihashe kunye nolutsha, ngeli xesha uphumelele uloyiso olukhulu.
Umsebenzi wokuqala womkhosi ojolise kwi-Knights yayilidabi laseKhattin. Ngenxa yeqhinga elakhiwe ngokuchanekileyo, i-thable yaseYurophu ngeSands engafakwanga, amaSilamsi ayitolika ngaphezu kwesiqingatha somkhosi wotshaba kwaye sibambe amawaka ama-20 ama-nights. I-crusaders ephezulu yabetha ophumeleleyo, kunye nomphathi-kwikhulu lomkhosi waseYurophu.
Emva koloyiso olukufuphi ne-tiber ichibi, isaladi yathatha i-Acre kunye neJafri, izixeko zasePalestina, ezaziphantsi kolawulo lwee-knights. Emva koko, ekwindla ka-1187, umkhosi ka-Saladin wangena eYerusalem, kwaye amandla esixekweni ahamba abalandeli bamaSilamsi. Emva kokubhiyozela isandla uloyiso sikwazile ukugcina ubuso bomntu: amabanjwa amaninzi ashiye ubomi kwaye avunyelwe ukuba atyelele iindawo ezingcwele zeYerusalem. KumaKristu, wacela omnye kuphela-ukuba angaliphakamisi ikrele ngamaSilamsi.
Kodwa iVatican yayingazukuyeka, kwaye amalungiselelo aqala kwiPhulo lesithathu leCrassaders, elaqala ngo-1189 phantsi kobunkokeli babalawuli baseNgilani - iFhilip II neJapan i-Emperich i. Abantu baseYurophu abanakufumana imvume kwaye ekuqaleni baxabana kakhulu kodwa emva kokusweleka komlawuli waseJamani kunye nokuwa kwemikhosi yamaKatolika, kuphela imikhosi emikhulu kuphela.
Ekuqaleni, kwada kwabakho. Ngo-1191, emva kokuthatha i-ACRA, uPhilip II wakhawuleza ukuba abuyele ekhaya, eshiya uKumkani wase-Engleni enye kwi-saranov.
I-Saladine ayizange ilinde ixesha elide kwaye ngoSeptemba 7, 1191 wawenza umsebenzi wasemkhosini kunye nesixeko sase-Arsu. Ukuxabana kwemikhosi emibini iphelele ngonyaka ngokutyikitya i-truce, elungiselelwe ubukho bengquzulwano-simahla kwiinkolo ezimbini kumhlaba wamaSilamsi. I-Saladin Hochred i-shrines ye-istrate yamaKristu kwaye yathandaza kwibhokisi yeNkosi. Xa iBhodi ye-Sultan yayingatshatyalaliswa yiyo nayiphi na itempile yamaKristu.
Ubomi Buqu
I-Saladine, njengomSilamsi wokwenene, yayiqukethe abafazi abaliqela, kodwa amagama abo ayengagcinwanga kwi-ronike. Kuyaziwa ukuba kuphela kwesibakala sokuba emva kokusweleka kukaNur-Disna Sulin, i-Almat Al-Dean Harun yaba ngumlawuli womlawuli olandelayo. Kuye, isaSadadin sazalelwa oonyana ababini - iGazi noDaud.Lilonke, ngedatha yembali, isaladi yayinabafazi aba-4 okanye aba-5, ukubala amashweshwe. Ngokwasemthethweni yayiqwalaselwe ngoonyana nentombi.
Ukufa
I-Saladine yaya kwinjongo yakhe - ukubuyisela iCaraiphete yeArabhu. Ukwenza oku, ekupheleni kuka-1192 baqalisa amalungiselelo e-Baghdadi. Kodwa ekupheleni kukaFebruwari 1193 ngequbuliso ibaleka.
Isizathu sokugula yayingumkhuhlane otyheli. Ngomhla we-4 kaMatshi, isandla senza safa ngequbuliso kwikomkhulu leSiriya. Iminqweno ka-Aschal ihlala ingenakwenzeka, kwaye uBukumkani babadibanisa bahlanganiswa koonyana emva kokuba efile kwimimandla eliqela.
Imemori
Umfanekiso wegorha elikhulu kunye naloo boyisayo, ababhali abaphefumlelwe kabini kunye nee-quinematographok ukwenza imisebenzi yobugcisa. Omnye wabantu baseYurophu bokuqala ababhenela kwisazisi se-saladin yayinguWalter Scott, owenze incwadi ethi "iTalisman". Umsebenzi wawusekwe kwinkcazo yohambo lokugqibela lwamaKristu eYerusalem kunye nebhayiloji ye-saladin.
Kumzi-mveliso wefilimu, igama lomphathi lifumaneka kwifilimu ethi "Ubukumkani bamazulu", obuye banikela kumzabalazo wabantu abatyholwa ngamaSilamsi. I-Arab Actor Gassan Maswood, ngubani, egweba ngefoto, ngokufana okuthe tye kwangaphandle enesifo sembali, wathetha njenge-sultuan yembali. Kwaye ngo-2004, kwakhululwa i-saladin ringise, amagorha awayebe nesibindi sabantu base-Egypt naseSyria abakhokelwa ngumlawuli oselula onobulumko.