UJohann Bhach - Biography, ifoto, ubomi bomntu, imisebenzi, umculo

Biography

UJohann Sebastian Bhach yeyona nto ibalaseleyo yenkcubeko yehlabathi. Umsebenzi we-cudiya-wagon owayehlala kwi-XVIII Ikhulu, uhlobo ngokubanzi: Umqambi waseJamani wajongisisa kwaye washwankathela izithethe ze-propal yezikolo zase-Austria, i-Itali neFrance.

Kwiminyaka engama-200 emva kokubhubha komculi kunye nomqambi, umdla emsebenzini wakhe awuzange upholile, kwaye abantu ababephila ngexesha basebenzisa imisebenzi ye-bach kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, ukufumana ubunzulu kunye nobunzulu. I-uporal yokuqala yesandi somqambi isandi kwi-sorarisa andrei terkovsky. Umculo kaJohann Baha, njengeyona ndlela intle yendalo, irekhodwa kwipleyiti yeGolide yeVoyager, iqhotyoshelwe kwisixhobo sendawo, sasungulwa emhlabeni ngo-1977. Ngokutsho kweNew York Times, uJohann Sebastian Bhach ngulowokuqala abaqambile behlabathi abaPhezulu behlabathi abaye badala imisebenzi yobugcisa emi ngexesha.

Ubuntwana noLutsha

UJohann Sebastian Bhach wazalwa ngoMatshi 31, 1685 kwisixeko saseThumbekh, esiphakathi kwamakrele ePaki yeSizwe ye-Hainig nakwiHlana laMathurd. Inkwenkwe yaba ngumntwana omncinci nowesibhozo kwintsapho yomculo oqeqeshiweyo uJohann Ambirius Baha.

Kuhlobo lwe-Bahkh izizukulwana ezintlanu zeemvumi. Abaphandi babagqala izalamane ezingamashumi amahlanu kaJohann Sebastian, owayephulaphule umculo. Phakathi kwawo, i-Prapral Tralser Tach Bhach, i-Bulkhek, yonke indawo inxibe i-cira - iplagi-kwisixhobo somculo ngendlela yebhokisi.

Intloko ye-Abrosius Bhach idlalwa usapho kwiicawa kwi-violin kunye neekonsathi zehlabathi ezilungelelanisiweyo, ke izifundo zomculo zokuqala ezimfundiswe ngunyana omncinci ononyana omncinci. UJohann Bhach kwiminyaka encinci ecula kwi-choir kwaye wamkholisa utata enobuchule kwaye wabawa nolwazi lomculo.

Kwiminyaka eli-9 ubudala, uMama uYohanna Sebastian - uElizabeth Lemmerhirt, nasemhlabeni kamva, inkwenkwe yaba yinkedama ezijikelezileyo. Umninawa omncinci uthathe inkathalo eyenziweyo - uJohann Christoph, icawa yecawe kunye notitshala womculo kwidolophu ekufuphi. UChristoph uthumele i-Sebastian ukuya kwindawo yokuzivocavoca, apho wafundisa i-theology, isiLatin, imbali.

Umninawa odala wafundisa abancinci ukuba adlale kwisitshixo kunye nelungu, kodwa inkwenkwe yokubuza kwezi zifundo yayinganeli incwadana enemilinganiselo yokusebenza kunye nobusuku benyanga ephindaphindiweyo. Kodwa uMzalwana wafumanisa uSebastian ukuba abe ngumsebenzi ongekho mthethweni kwaye ukhethe irekhodi.

Kwiminyaka eli-15 ubudala, uJohann Bhach wazimela: Unomsebenzi e-Luneburg kwaye waphumelela kakhulu kwi-gucal gymnasium, evula indlela eya eyunivesithi. Kodwa intlupheko kunye nentlupheko kunye nemfuno yokufumana iindlela zokubeka inqaku kwisifundo.

ELüneburg, umdla washukumisa i-Baha ukuya eBaha ukuya kwi-Bahari: Wayetyelele iHamburg, Celleck, apho wadibana khona nomsebenzi weemvumi ezibalaseleyo reinkenet noGeorge Bama.

Umculo

Ngo-1703, ukuphumelela kwi-Gymnasium eLüneburg, uJohann Bhach wafumana imvumi eqinileyo kwi-vehamar vahan ernnsta. U-Bach wadlala i-violin unyaka kwaye wafumana ukuthandwa kokuqala njengomdlali weqonga. Kodwa kungekudala uJohann Sebastian wayediniwe kukuvalela indlebe yeNkosi edlala i-violin - waphupha ngokukhulisa kwaye evula iindawo ezintsha kubugcisa. Ke ngoko, ngaphandle kwengcinga, ndavuma ukuthatha indawo ebukhulu kwiCawe kwiCawa ye-St.Shifats e-Arstnstt, eyikhilomitha engama-200 evela kwi-weimar.

UJohann Bhach wasebenza iintsuku ezintathu ngeveki kwaye wafumana umvuzo omkhulu. Iqumrhu ibandla, iqwalaselwe yi inkqubo entsha, zandiswa amathuba artist oselula nomqambi e Arnstadt Bach babhala imisebenzi emithathu elinesibini omzimba, Capricchio, Cantat and Site. Kodwa ubudlelwane bexesha kunye nabasemagunyeni batyhila uJohann Bhach ukuba ashiye isiXeko kwiminyaka emithathu.

Umququ wokugqibela, isitya esingahambelaniyo sokunyamezela kwabaphathi becawa, yayikukuhlala okungapheliyo kwemvumi kwi-Archstst. I-Kooria Clari, kwaye ngaphandle kokungayithandi imvumi yendlela enobuchule yokuphunyezwa kwemisebenzi yokomoya yokohliselwa kwemisebenzi yokomoya, ilungelelanise iinkqubo ezihlazisayo kuhambo oluya eLübeck.

Kwisixeko apho babehlala besebenza kwaye basebenza i-orgadist ye-Diredrich Buxtheude, ophuculo ayo kwilungu le-Bhach eliphupha lokumamela ebuntwaneni. Ngaphandle kwemali yenqwelwana, uJohann kwi-1705 uye eLubeck ngeenyawo. Umdlalo weMatric wothuka umculo, endaweni yenyanga ekhutshiweyo, wahlala ezine.

Emva kokuba ubuye ngokukhawuleza kunye nenkqubo yomphathi, uJohann Bhach washiya "indawo edityanisiweyo" waya kwisixeko saseMülhausen, apho wafumana umsebenzi we-orcia.

Abasemagunyeni besiXeko kunye neCawa banamakhwenkwe bathanda imvumi enetalente, umvuzo wakhe baphakamile kune-ArststAlt. UJohann Bhach wacebisa isicwangciso sezoqoqosho sokubuyiselwa kwelungu elidala, esamkelwa ngabasemagunyeni, saza sabhala inkosi "yeNkosi", inikezelwe kwi-tsar yam "yokunikezelwa kwe-compaul entsha.

Kodwa emva konyaka, i-Word yomoya iwile "isuse" uJohanna Sebastian esuka endaweni kwaye wafudukela kwi-Weimar ngaphambili. Ngo-1708, uBitach wayithatha indawo yenkundla yaseNkundla kwaye wazinza endlwini ecaleni kwe-Ducal Pauce.

Ixesha le-weiliary lebhayiloji ye-johann bach lalineziqhamo: umqambi oqokelelweyo wezitshixo kunye ne-orchestral, wadibana nomsebenzi onamandla kunye nezikim eziguqukayo. Unxibelelwano nomqeshi-ubushushu bukaJohann Ernst, umqambi kunye nemvumi, yaphembelela ubuchule bukaBhaha. Ngo-1713, uDuke wazisa amanqaku omculo wabaqulunqwanga base-Itali, owavulela uJohann Baha New Wep of Wehd ubugcisa.

E-IIimora, uJohann Bhach waqalisa umsebenzi "welungu lencwadi" - ingqokelela ye-chorackes "," Pessabhalus engasentla "kunye ne-20 shyal.

Ekupheleni kwenkonzo e-Weimora, uJohann Sebastian Bhach waba yinkosi eyaziwayo yokucekeceka kunye nelungu. Ngo-1717, i-cranfeers yaseFransi eyaziwayo yeLouis Marshant ifikile kwi-dresden. Umxholo othi, weva ngetalente kaBhaha, wacela ukuba umculo ukhuphisane neMarshant. Kodwa ngomhla wolu khuphiswano, uLouis wabulawa esixekweni, woyika ngokusilela.

Umnqweno wokutshintsha obizwa ngokuba yi-bach kwindlela yokuwa kwe-1717. UDuke wakhupha imvumi endiyithandayo "ngentetho ye-dissitives." I-orgastince iqeshe inkosana yeAngalt-ketensky, iqaliswe kakuhle kumculo. Kodwa ukuzibophelela kwePrince calvinism kwakungavumeli ukuba uBahu ukuba axoxe ngomculo ongumculo ukuba anqule, ngoko ke uYohann Sebastian wabhala izenzo zehlabathi.

Kwixesha elithi "ketensky", uJohann Bhach waqulunqwa ama-suite ezintandathu ze-cello, isiFrentshi kunye nesiNgesi, i-soots ezintathu ze-violin solo. I-upander "edumileyo" kunye nomjikelo wemisebenzi, ebandakanya i-48 Printas, i-guues, ebizwa ngokuba ngu "isitshixo esinomsindo" sabonakala eKotheke. Kwangelo xesha, uBikach wabhala izwi ezimbini kunye nelizwi elinamazwi, elibizwa ngokuba yi "symphony".

Ngo-1723, uJohann Bhach wabekwa njenge-kwabangela ikwayara yekwayala ye-St. Thoma kwiCawe yeLeipzig. Kwakuloo nyaka, uluntu lwawuva umsebenzi womqambi "uthando kuYohane". Kungekudala, uBika wathatha isikhundla 'somlawuli weMpilo' wazo zonke iintlanganiso zedolophu. Kwiminyaka emi-6 ye "Ithuba leLeipzig", uJohann Bhach wabhala imijikelezo emi-5 yonyaka, ezimbini zalahleka.

IBhunga leSixeko lanika umqambi we-8 abadlali abaphumelele echibini, kodwa le mali yayimbalwa kakhulu, ke, ukuya kuthi ga, ukuya kuthi ga kwiimvumi ezingama-20, uBhach wayeziqeshiwe rhoqo nabasemagunyeni.

Ngo-1720, uJohann Bhach waqulunqwe ikakhulu i-cantitata yokuphula iicawe ze-leipzig. Ukufuna ukwandisa ukuphindaphinda, umqambi wabhala imisebenzi yehlabathi. Ngentwasahlobo ye-1729, imvumi yaqeshwa yiNtloko yeBhodi yeBhodi yoMculo - i-ansembled yehlabathi, esekwe ngumhlobo kaBhacki nguGeory Phippin. I-ensemble yayiphindwe kabini ngeveki iintsuku ezimbini zeveki kwivenkile yekofu yaseCimmerman kufuphi nesikwere sentengiso.

Uninzi lwemisebenzi yehlabathi eqokelelwe ngumqambi ukusuka nge-1730 ukuya kwi-1750, uJohann Bhach wabhala ephepheni kwivenkile yekofu.

Inombolo yabo ibandakanya ukubaleka "I-COCKATE" yeKhefithi "ye-coascant", i-piaspone kunye neekonsathi ze-Cello kunye nokuChuka. Ngale minyaka le, i-MESA i-MESA i-MESA i-MESA ibhaliwe, ebizwa ngokuba yeyona mveliso ibalaseleyo ye-quarral yexesha lonke.

Ukusebenza ngokomoya, uBand wadalela "i-Massing Righ Schon" kunye "nokuthathwa kukaMateyu, ukufumana intendelezo njengomvuzo womsebenzi wesihloko sesihloko senkundla yaseRoyal kunye neSaxon Cander.

Ngo-1747, uJohann Bhach watyelela intendelezo yokumkani wasePrussia eRinedrich II. I-Weljet iphakamise umqambi womxholo womculo kwaye icelwe ukuba ubhale ukuphuculwa. I-Bach yinkosi yokuphuculwa-kwangoko yaqamba i-fugus yeliso elinamagama amathathu. Kungekudala wayivula ngomjikelezo wophawu kwesi sihloko, obizwa ngokuba "ngumculo" waza wathumela irifrich II njengesipho.

Omnye umjikelo omkhulu, ogama lingu "Ubugcisa be-Fuuue," uJohann Bhach akazange ongeze. Oonyana bapapasha umjikelezo emva kokusweleka kukaBawo.

Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, ubuqaqawuli bomqambi baphelelwe ngumsebenzi: I-classicism yaphosakele, abantu ababephila ngexesha ababenengqondo baqwalasela isitayile sabantu abadala. Kodwa abaqanduli abancinci bakhupha imisebenzi kaJohanelan Baha, banqula kuye. Ukuyila kweSercrist enkulu ye-Wolfgang Amadeus Madeus Azart kunye neLudwig Vanhoven.

I-spish yomdla kumculo kaJohann Bhach kwaye imvuselelo yozuko lomqambi yaqala ngo-1829. Ngo-Matshi, ipiyarist kunye nomqambi uFelix Mendelssohhhn walungelelanisa ikonsathi eBerlin, apho umsebenzi "wothando lukaMateyu" luvakale. Ngequbuliso kwalandelwa, umbono waqokelela amawaka ababukeli. I-Mendelssohhn ihamba neekonsathi kwiDresden, Königsberg naseFrankfurt.

Umsebenzi kaJohann Bhach "kwaye namhlanje kunye nenye yeempawu ezintle zabasebenzi behlabathi. Umgca, uMelodic, umculo onyanisekileyo uvakala ngendlela eyahlukileyo ehlengahlengiswa kumdlalo kwizixhobo zanamhlanje.

Iimvumi zeNtshona kunye neRussia zikwakukhulisa umculo we-bach. Iimvumi ze-wingle i-shcal ikhuphe i-bitut ye-bitut ye-bibz sebastian bibastian, eyazisa iqela labasibhozo lezemihlaba uzuko lwehlabathi kunye nomvuzo wegrammy.

Sasiphatha umculo kaJohann Bhach kunye neemvumi zeJazz uJausie noJoel Spiegelman. Umculi waseRussia uFer chistakov uzame ukuhlawula irhafu kwi-Geni.

Ubomi Buqu

Ngo-Okthobha 1707, uJohann Sebastian Bhach watshata nomzala omncinci ovela kwi-Arstststria. Isibini sasinabantwana abasixhenxe, kodwa abathathu bafa kakhulu. Oonyana abathathu - uWilhelm righdem, uKarl Filip wase-Emmanuel noJohann - bahamba ngeenyawo kwaye baba ziimvumi ezidumileyo kunye nabaqengqelekayo.

Ehlotyeni lwe-1720, xa uJohann Bhach ene-Prince Ahanky Ketensky yayiphesheya, uMaria uBarbara wasweleka, eshiya abantwana abane.

Ubomi bobuqu bomqambi buphuculwe unyaka: kwinkundla ye-Duke Bach, wadibana nemvumi enomtsalane kwaye enetalente entle nenetalente. UJohann watshata noAna ngoDisemba 1721. Babenabantwana abayi-13, kodwa basinda kuBawo 9.

Kwiminyaka yakudala, usapho lomqambi lwajika lwaza kuphela. Kumfazi nabantwana, uJohann Bhach oqulunqe i-Ensemcial Ensemulbs, iKhonkco leNdlu yeHlowuni, enandipha iingoma zomfazi wakhe (uAnna Bhach wayene-soprano entle) kunye nomdlalo woonyana abakhulileyo.

Ikamva lomfazi wayo kunye nentombi encinci kaJohanna Bach yaphuhliswa ngosizi. UAnna Magdalena wasweleka kwiminyaka elishumi kamva endlwini yokudelela amahlwempu, kwaye intombi kaRegina yathulula indawo yokuhamba. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje yobomi, uLudwig van Beethoven wanceda uLudwig.

Ukufa

Kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, umbono kaJohanna Bhach wawola ngokukhawuleza, kodwa umqambi oqulunqwe umculo, echaza umsebenzi womyeni wakhe.

Ngo-1750, iBritish Obthalmologist Ugqirha uJohn Taylor wafika eLeipzig. Udumo lukagqirha kunzima ukufowuna, kodwa u-bach wanamathela kwiqhina kunye neqela elivelileyo. Emva kotyando, umbono awuzange ubuyela kwimvumi. I-Taylor iphinda isebenze kumqambi, kodwa ukuba isibethe manyathelo masizize sibuyele kumbono wexesha elifutshane. NgoJulayi 18, 1750, kuye kwenzeka iqhekeza, kwaye nge-28, 65, 65 uJohann wasweleka.

Ingcwatywe umqambi kwi-leipzig kumangcwaba ecawa. Ingcwaba elilahlekileyo kwaye lihlala lifunyanwa ngo-1894 kwaye lamoyikisa kwi-sarquiphage yelitye kwiCawe yaseSt. John, apho imvumi ineminyaka engama-27 ubudala. Itempile yatshabalaliswa ngokuqhushumba ngexesha lemfazwe yehlabathi yesibini, kodwa uthuthu lwe-johan bach lwafunyanwa ngo-1949, watshintshelwa ngo-1949, wangcwatywa kwisibingelelo seCawa yeSt. Thoma.

Ngo-1907, e-Eisenaba, apho umqambi wazalwa khona, wavula imyuziyam, kwaye ngo-1985 umyuziyam wabonakala kwi-leipzig.

Iinyani ezinomdla

• Umsebenzi owuthandayo kaJohanna Baha wayethathwa njengabatyelelwa kwiicawa zecawa kwizambatho zikatitshala ohluphekayo.
• Enkosi kumqambi weecawa zecawa, amadoda nabafazi bacula. Umfazi kaJohann Bach waba yicawa yokuqala yecawa.
• UJohann Bhach akazange athathe imali yabucala.
• Igama lokugqibela i-bach liguqulelwa ukusuka eJamani njenge "Creek".

• UJohann Bhach wathembisa inyanga entolongweni ukuba icele ukurhoxa emsebenzini.
• I-Georg Sleidrich Handlich Baha, kodwa abaqambi abazange badibane. Imites yemvumi emibini iyafana: Bobabini bamnyama ngenxa yokusebenza okungaphumelelanga okwenziwa yi-Taylor yaseChatlor.
• Ikhathalogu epheleleyo yeJohann Baha yapapashwa iminyaka engama-200 emva kokuba ifile.
• IJamani yayalela umqambi ukuba abhale umsebenzi, aphulaphule ukuba angalalanga. UJohann Bhach walisekisile isicelo: Umahluko weGoldberg weGoldberg-kwaye ngoku ulungile ".

Aphorisms Baha

• "Ukulala kakuhle, akufuneki ulale kwangolo suku olunye xa kufuneka uvuke."
• "Dlala kwikhibhodi ilula: Kufuneka uyazi ukuba zeziphi izitshixo zokucofa."
• "Injongo yomculo kukuchukumisa intliziyo."

Imisebenzi yomculo

• "Ave Maria"
• "IsiNgesi Suite N3"
• "Ikonsathi ye-Branderburg N3"
• "I-Italian ayibonakaliyo"
• "Ikhonsathi ye-N5 f-mncinci"
• "Ikhonsathi N1"
• "Ikhonsathi ye-Cello kunye ne-Orchestra D-mncinci"
• "Ikhonsathi yeFlet, iCello kunye neHarp"
• "SINONA N2"
• "SINATA N4"
• "SINONA N1"
• "Suite n2 b-mncinci"
• "Suite n2"
• "Suite ye-orchestra n3 d-makhulu"
• "I-TOCCCAA kunye neFuga D-mncinci"