Johann Bach - Biography, Mufananidzo, Hupenyu Hwako, Anoshanda, mimhanzi

Biography

Johann Sebastian Bach ndiye mufananidzo mukuru wetsika yenyika. Basa remuimbi-ngoro yaigara muXvii zana, rudzi kazhinji: Muumbi weGerman akabatana uye akapfupikisa tsika dzekurarama kwechiPurotesitendi, Italy neFrance.

Makore mazana maviri mushure mekufa kwemhanzi uye muimbi, kufarira basa rake uye biography haana kutonhorera, uye vanhu vakararama panguva iyoyo vanoshandisa mabasa ezana ramakumi maviri, vachiwana kukosha uye kudzika. Choral chedu chemuti wemufananidzo unonzwika muSyrisa Andrei Tarkovatsky. Mumhanzi weJohann Baha, seyakanakisa kusikwa kwevanhu, inonyorwa negoridhe ndiro yeLoyager, yakanamatira kune nzvimbo yekubatira, yakatangwa kubva pasi muna 1977. Maererano neNew York Times, Johann Sebastian Bach ndiye akatanga mune gumi dzepasi pevhu mairo akagadzira masterriers akamira nekufamba kwenguva.

Hudu uye Vechidiki

Johann Sebastian Bach akaberekwa muna Kurume 31, 1685 muguta reChinenda reEisenakh, riri pakati pemapakatwa eiyo Hainig National Park uye Sango reThuliy. Iye mukomana akava mwana mudiki uye wechisere mumhuri yerudzi rwenyunyanzvi Johann Ambrorosius Baha.

MuGenus Bahkh Zvizvarwa nezvishanu zvevaimbi. Vanotsvagurira vakaverenga hama makumi mashanu raJohann Sebastian, uyo akateerera mimhanzi. Pakati pavo, prapraded composter feit bach, bulkhek, kwese kwese kupfeka a citra - chimbo-muchiridzwa mune fomu yebhokisi.

Musoro wamhuri yeAmprosus nemhuri yairidzwa mumakereke pane iyo violin uye yakaronga makomisheni, saka zvidzidzo zvekutanga zvemumhanzi wakadzidzisa. Johann bach kubva pamakore madiki akaimba choir uye akafadza baba vane hunyanzvi uye kukara kune ruzivo rweMimhanzi.

Aine makore 9 okukura, Amai Johanna Sebastian akafa - Erizabheti Lemmerhirt, uye gore rakatevera, mukomana akava dhani yakatenderedza. Munun'una mudiki vakatora mutariri wekuchengetedza - Johann Christoph, chiremba wechechi uye mudzidzisi wemimhanzi ari mutaundi rakavakidzana. Christoph akatumira Sebastian kuGymnasium, kwaakadzidzisa zvidzidziso, Latin, nhoroondo.

Mukoma mukuru akadzidzisa vadiki kuti vatambe pane kiyi uye nhengo yezviitiko izvi yakanga isina kukwana: muchivande kubva kuCremutha kubva pamabhokisi evanozivikanwa mazita nemumaniso ekunyora zvinyorwa. Asi Hama vakawana Sebastian kuitira basa risiri pamutemo uye vakasarudza zvinyorwa.

Pazera ramakore gumi nemashanu, Johann Bach rakazvimiririra: Akawana basa muLunyanzvi uye akapedza gwaro kubva muzwi rekurovedza muviri, kuvhura nzira yake kuyunivhesiti. Asi hurombo uye kukosha kwekuwana nzira yekuvapo kuisa pfungwa pakudzidza.

MuLüneburg, kuda kuziva kwakasundidzira Bhaha kuti vafambe, Celle naLübeck, kwaakasangana nebasa revanyori vanokwazve uye vaGeorge Bama.

Mumhanzi

Muna 1703, kupedza kudzidza kuimba yekurovedza muviri muLüneburg, Johann Bach ane muimbi akatsiga muVeimar Duke yaJohann Ernsta. Bach akaridza violin kwehafu yegore uye akawana mukurumbira wekutanga seMutambi. Asi munguva pfupi, Johann Sebastian akange aneta nekuisa mutirongo yaIshe achitamba violin - akarota achikudziridza uye kuvhura matsva matsva ehunyanzvi. Naizvozvo, pasina kufunga, ndakabvuma kutora chinzvimbo chakasunungurwa cherudzi rwedare muChechi yeSt. Boniwace muArnstadt, iyo iri makiromita mazana maviri kubva kuWeimmet.

Johann Bach akashanda kwemazuva matatu pavhiki uye akagamuchira muhoro wakakwira. Muviri wechechi, wakarongedzwa nehurongwa hutsva, waiwedzera mikana yemuchato wechidiki uye mutambi: MuArstadt Bach akanyora zvinyorwa zvitatu zvemabasa, Capricchio, capricchio, cantat uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti uye saiti. Asi hukama hwakasimba nevakuru vakasundidzira Johann Bach kuti vabve muguta mumakore matatu.

Uswa hwekupedzisira, ndiro isingawirirani yekushivirira kwevakuru vekereke, yaive redddding kwenguva refu yemumhanzi wechiimbi kubva kuArnstadt. Kosya Clari, uye pasina kusada kweiyo muimbi wenyaya yekutsvaira kune kuurayiwa kwemweya wekunamata, yakarongwa bahu a miti yekunyadzisa yekufamba kuenda kuLübeck.

Muguta apo vaigara uye vakashanda chikafu chakakurumbira chechipfuva Buxthehude, vane vavariro yake pane iyo Baach nhengo yakarota yekuteerera kubva paudiki. Pasina kuva nemari yengoro, Johann mukudonha kwe 1705 akaenda kuLubock netsoka. Mutambo weMetra wakashamisa muimbi: Panzvimbo yemwedzi wakasunungurwa, akagara mune zvina.

Vadzokera Artingt uye mafambiro ane sahwira, Johann Bach akasiya "nzvimbo yepanyama" ndokuenda kuguta reMülhhausen, kwaakawana basa rezvemitambo muChechi yeSt.

Zviremera zveguta uye chechi vanozvidza kufarirwa netarenda rine tarenda, mari yake yekuwana yaive yakakwirira kupfuura muARStrstt. Johann Bach akakurudzira chirongwa chehupfumi chekudzoreredzwa kwechinyakare, vakabvumidzwa nezviremera, uye vakanyora "Ishe Cantation" Ishe "yakatsaurirwa mukuvandudzwa kweiyo itsva Consul.

Asi mushure megore, mhepo inodzungaira "yakabviswa" Johanna Sebastian kubva pachiitiko ichi ndokuenda kune yakambotambudza yeWeimar. Muna 1708, bach akatora nzvimbo yemumatare edzimhosva uye akagara mumba iri padyo neRacal Palace.

Nguva yeiyo Biography yeJohann Bach yaive inobereka zvakanaka: Muumbi akanyorwa makiyi ekiyi uye orchestral mabasa eVivaldi naKorelli, vakadzidza kushandisa zvine simba rwiyo uye zvirongwa zveHarmonic. Kukurukurirana nemushandirwi - anoyera Duke yaJohann Ernst, muimbi uye muimbi, akapesvedzera kugona kwaBaha. Muna 1713, Duke akaunza zvinyorwa zvemimhanzi yevanotaurwa vanobva kuItari, uyo akavhura Johann Baha matsva matsva emhizha.

MuWeimara, Johann Bach akatanga basa pa "nhengo yebhuku" - muunganidzwa wezvekureverera kwemuviri, kuumbwa "Tobucutu naFugu Rechidiki" uye 20 Cantat.

Pakupera kweshumiro muSimara, Johann Sebastian bach yakava tenzi anozivikanwa kwazvo wekubatanidza uye nhengo. Muna 1717, iyo yakakurumbira yeFrench cleviers Louis marshant yakasvika muDresden. Conishertemister Imistoer, akanzwa nezve tarenda reBhaha, akakoka muimbi kuti anokwikwidza neMarshant. Asi pazuva remakwikwi, Louis akafa neguta, anotya nekutadza.

Kuda kwekuchinja kunodaidzwa kuti bhavi munzira yekudonha kwevaya 1717th. Iyo Duke akaburitsa muimbi anodiwa "nekutaura kwekusagadzikana." Iyo orgistist inobatira muchinda weAngalt-Ketensky, yakanyatsotsanangurwa mumhanzi. Asi kuzvipira kweCalvinism hakuna kubvumira Bhuhu kunyora mimhanzi yakasarudzika yekunamata, saka Johann Sebastian yakanyora zvakanyanya mabasa enyika.

Mu "Ketensky" nguva, Johann Bach yakanyorwa zvitanhatu Suite yeCello, French neChirungu kenduru, matatu Sonats for violin Solo. "Brandeng Concercer Concerts" uye kutenderera kwemabasa, izvo zvinosanganisira 48 zvinyadzo uye zvinonzi "zvinonzi" kiyi yakanyatsotuka "yakaonekwa muKotherly. Panguva imwecheteyo, bach akanyora inzwi maviri uye matatu-jeketi zvigadzirwa, izvo zvinonzi "symphony".

Muna 1723, Johann Bach akaiswa seBach yakaiswa neiyo kantor yeiyo Choir yeSt. Thoma muChechi yeLeipzig. Mugore rimwe chetero, veruzhinji vakanzwa basa remuongorori "vanofarira munaJohani". Pasina nguva, bach akatora chinzvimbo che "mimhanzi director" emakereke ese emuguta. Kwemakore matanhatu e "LEIPZIG nguva", Johann Bach akanyora 5 pagore cantat clecle, vaviri vacho vakarasika.

Kanzuru yeguta yakapa vanhu vanoomesesa varapi veimba, asi huwandu uhu hwaive hushoma kwazvo, saka, vanosvika makumi maviri vevaimbi, Bach vakazvipira, icho chaive chakakonzera vanhu vetiremisi.

Muna 1720, Johann Bach yakanyorwa kunyanya cantata yekuurayiwa muMakereke eLeipzig. Kuda kuwedzera RefertOire, kunyorerwa kwakanyora mabasa epasirese. Muchirimo cha 1729, muimbi akagadzwa nemusoro webhodhi remumhanzi - nzvimbo yenzvimbo idzo, yakavakirwa neshamwari yeBACH neGeorg Firipi. Iyo quemle yaive kaviri pasvondo kwevhiki yakarongedzwa makomisheni maviri-yemaawa echiratidzo che cimmerman chekofi padhuze nemusika.

Zvizhinji zvekunyika zvinoumbwa nemunyori kubva muna 1730 kusvika 1750, Johann bach akanyora kuurayiwa muchitoro chekofi.

Nhamba yavo inosanganisira kumhanya "kofi cantata", iyo comic "peasant cantata", kesepone uye concer ye concer ye cello uye claxus. Mumakore aya, iyo yakakurumbira "Mesa Si Si Si Si Si Sied" yakanyorwa, iyo inonzi yakanakisa choral chigadzirwa chenguva dzese.

Zvekuita zvekunamata, Baki akagadzira "Hondo Hwakawanda Cy mudiki" uye "kuda munaMateo", kugamuchira muchivanze seMubairo webasa reMusoro weMusoro wePolish uye Saxon Court Composer.

Muna 1747, Johann Bach akashanyira chivanze chamambo wePrussia Friedrich II. Welise yakakurudzira kunyorwa mimhanzi yemumhanzi uye akabvunza kunyora kuvandudza. Bach is tenzi wekuvandudza - pakarepo yakanyorwa matatu-ziso fugus. Nenguva isipi akaiwedzera nedanho rekusiyana pane ino nyaya, anonzi "musical kupa" uye akatumira friedrich II sechipo.

Rimwe kutenderera kukuru, rakatumidzwa kuti "Art of Fugue," Johann Bach haana kuwedzera. " Vana vakaburitsa kutuka mushure mekufa kwaBaba.

Mumakore gumi apfuura, kubwinya kwemunyori kwakapera: Mushandiromekiti zvakabikwa, vanhu vakararama panguva iyoyo vakaona maitiro ezvinyorwa zvekare. Asi vanomedza vadiki vakarera mabasa aJohann Bhaha, vakamunamata. Kusikwa kweiyo Great Organist Dial Wolfgang Amalus Mozart naLudwig Van Beethoven.

Sparlash yekufarira mumumhanzi weJohann Bach uye rumutsiriro rwemberi rwemudzidziso rwakatanga muna 1829. Muna Kurume, pianist uye nyonganisi Felix mendelsdohsdohn akaronga konsati muBerlin, uko iro basa re "kuda kwaMateu" kunonzwika ". Pakarepo resonance rinotevera, iwo maonero akaunganidza zviuru zvevoni. Mendelsdohn akaenda nemakonzo muDresden, Königsberg naFrankfurt.

Basa reJohann Bach "Museka weMimhanzi" uye Nhasi mumwe wevanofarira zviuru zvevanhu vanoita. Line, Melodic, Mimhanzi yemumhanzi inonzwika mune dzakasiyana dzakasiyana siyana dzakachinjirwa kumutambo pazvishandiso zvemazuva ano.

Vaimbi veWestern uye kuRussia vanozvisarudzira mimhanzi ye bach. Vaimbi veSwingle Vocal Vadivelu Best Debble Jazast Bach, iyo yakaunza timu yevasere venhau yekubwinya kwenyika uye grammy mubairo weGrammy.

Takabata mimhanzi yeJohann Bach neVairwiwa Jazzes Jacques Lusie naJoel Spiegelman. Iyo Russian Artist Fedor Chistyeakov akaedza kubhadhara mutero kuna geni.

Hupenyu Hwako

Muna Gumiguru 1707, Johann Sebastian Bach akaroora mukwikwidzi mudiki kubva kuArnstadt Maria Barbara. Vakaroora vakanga vana vana vanomwe, asi vatatu vakafa vacheche. Vanakomana vatatu - Wilhelm Friedem, Karl Piripi Emmanuel naJohn vaKristu - vakaenda makumbo makumbo uye vakava vaimbi vane mukurumbira uye vanyori.

Muzhizha ra 1720, apo Johann Bach ne Prince Anhalt Keteny aive kunze kwenyika, Maria Barbara akafa, achisiya vana vana.

Hupenyu hwemunhu oga hwemutungamiriri hwave nani mugore: padare reDuke Bach, akasangana neyekupedzisira uye ane tarenda muimbi Anna Magdalen Wilke Wilke. Johann akaroora Anna muna Zvita 1721. Vakanga vane vana gumi nevaviri, asi baba vakapukunyuka 9.

Mumakore ekare, mhuri yemunyori yakazova iye oga kugamuchirwa. Kune mukadzi nevana, Johann Bach akanyorwa mazwi enzwi, akarongwa makomendi emhuri, achinakidzwa nenziyo dzomudzimai wake (Ana bach aive aine yakanaka soprano) uye mutambo wevanakomana vakura.

Mhedzisiro yemukadzi wake uye mwanasikana wokupedzisira waJohanna Bach akakurira zvinosuruvarisa. Anna Magdalena akazotevera makore gumi muImba yekuzvidza varombo, uye mwanasikana worudzi weGungwa akadururira hafu-yekukanda. Mumakore achangopfuura ehupenyu, Ludwig Van Beethoven akabatsira Ludwig.

Rufu

Mumakore mashanu apfuura, chiratidzo chaJohanna bach chakashayisa simba, asi kunyorwa kwakanyorerwa mimhanzi, kuraira basa remunyori.

Muna 1750, British Ophthalmologist John Taylor akasvika muLeipzig. Kuzivikanwa kwachiremba kwakaoma kudaidza kusanzwisisika, asi bach zvakanamatira kuuswa uye nekubuda. Mushure mekuvhiya, chiratidzo hachina kudzokera kumuridzi wechiimbi. Taylor akadzokorora kushanda pamunyorero, asi kuwedzera kwakatanga kudzoka kwenguva pfupi. Musi waChikunguru 18, 1750, kurohwa kwakaitika, uye musi waChikunguru 28, Johann Baach akafa.

Kuviga muumbi muLeipzig pane Church Cemetery. Guva rakarasika uye riripo inowanikwa muna 1894 uye rakabhurururwa muchechi muChechi muChechi yeSt. John, uko muimbi akashanda makore 27. Tembere yakaparadzwa nehondo yehondo yenyika yechipiri, asi madota eJohann bach akawanikwa muna 1949, akaendeswa muna 1949, akavigwa kuatari yekereke yeSt.

Muna 1907, muna Eisenach, uko muimbi akazvarwa, akavhura Museum, uye muna 1985 iyo Museum yakaonekwa muLeipzig.

Chokwadi chinonakidza

• Basa raifarira raJohanna Bhaha rakanzi dzinoshanyira machechi echechi zvipfeko zvemudzidzisi.
• Kutenda kumutauriri mucrors wechechi, varume nevakadzi vanoimba. Mukadzi waJohann Bach ndiye akatanga basa rekereke.
• Johann Bach haana kutora mari yezvidzidzo zvakavanzika.
• Zita rekupedzisira bach rinoshandurwa kubva kuGerman se "Creek".

• Johann Bach akavimbisa mwedzi mutorongo nekuda kwekugara achibvunza kusiya basa.
• Georg Fredrich Handel is a Bhaary Bhaha, asi nyanzvi dzisina kusangana. Mafuro evaviri vevaimbi akafanana: ese akasviba semhedzisiro yekushandisa isina kubudirira yakagadzirwa neCarlatia Tacylor.
• Iyo yakazara kabhuku yaJohann Baha yakaburitswa makore mazana maviri mushure mekufa.
• Mumwe wechiGerman akaraira kuti vanyorere kunyora basa, vachiteerera kwaaigona kurara kurara kwakasimba. Johann Bach akazadzisa chikumbiro: Iyo Yakakurumbira Goldiberg misiyano - uye ikozvino yakanaka "mapiritsi ekurara".

Aphorisms bhaha

• "Kurara zvakanaka, haufanirwe kurara pasi pazuva rimwe chete kana iwe uchifanira kumuka."
• "Tamba pane makiyi ari nyore: Iwe unongoda kuziva kuti ndeapi makiyi ekudzvanya."
• "Chinangwa chemimhanzi ndechokubata mwoyo."

Mushandi anoshanda

• "Ave Maria"
• "Chirungu Suite N3"
• "Bronderburg Concert N3"
• "Italiable isingadzivisike"
• "Concert n5 f-diki"
• "Concert N1"
• "Concert for cello uye orchestra d-diki"
• "Concert for flute, cello nembira"
• "Sonata N2"
• "Sonata N4"
• "Sonata N1"
• "Suite N2 B-Diki"
• "Suite N2"
• "Suite for orchestra n3 d-yakakura"
• "Toccata naFuga D-Diki"