Biography
Xa kufikwa kubabhali abanombhali-abo balibonileyo ihlabathi kwaye banamava okuninzi, badla ngokukhumbula ababhali bamanye amazwe njengo-Ernent Haming, i-Reddiad Raider. Kodwa bambalwa abakhumbula umbhali waseRussia, utitshala kunye nomhambi-uBoris Stepanovich Zhitkov uBital Velentinovich uBianki obizwa ngokuba nguColumbus ongapheliyo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UBoris wazalwa nge-30 ka-Agasti, 1882. Yenzekile kwisixeko saseVeliky Novgorod. Inkwenkwe yaba ngumntwana wesibini kusapho - owokuqala yayiyintombi kaVera. Utata uBoris - Stenan Vasneevich - wayengutitshala kwiZiko loTitshala eNovarod. Ngokweencwadi zezifundo i-Stennan Vasneevich, izizukulwana zabantwana abafunda i-arithmetic, i-algebra nejometri. Umama wenkwenkwe - iTatyana Pavlovna - yayingumdlali wepiyari odumileyo, umfundi we-Russian Comms Anton Grigorievich ruirtein.
Ngenxa yeengcambu zamaJuda emva kwexeshana, abantu abavela kwizakhiwo zikarhulumente baqwalaselwa kakhulu. Ke ngoko, xa emva kokuzalwa kombhali wexesha elizayo, ungquzulwano, itadan vanyievich, wagqiba kwelokuba athathe enye indawo phakathi kwabalindi bezobupolitika. Ukukhwela unyaka eRussia, kodwa akukho ndawo eqhubekayo, abahlali abalibo baya kuthatha usapho eOdessa, apho umntakwabo nodadewabo babehlala ngelo xesha.
E-Odessa Stanne vanneevich ukoneliseka ngumnikazi we-Cashier -uder yeParagas, kwaye i-Tatyana Polovna iba ngumfundisi wabucala kumdlalo webhodi yezitshixo. Ukwenziwa kokholo lokuqala lokholo kunye noBoris bafika ekhaya, kwaye emva kokuba beza eGym No. 5. Kweli ziko lemfundo kunye nokwanda kweZhitkov-Jr. Ngombhali we-Kornie Chukovsky, kunye neVladimir EvGievinsky - i-vladimir ev.
Ngo-1901, iBoris iphelisa indawo yokuzivocavoca kwaye ingena kwiYunivesithi yase-Imperial novorossiysk kwiSebe leSayensi yeNdalo. Njengomfundi eyunivesithi, imvume inomdla wokuqala womdlalo kwi-violin, kodwa kamva ithathe isigqibo sokutshintsha (ngelishwa, ayisiyiyo ifoto enye yeZhitkov igcinwe). Ungamlibali lo mfo kunye nophuhliso lomzimba- sele kunyaka wesithathu woyisa amabhaso kukhuphiswano ngokuhamba ngenqanawa.
Indalo ye-hyperactive kunye nokuqiniseka kweenkolelo ezikhokelela kwinyani yokuba ngexesha le-Russian Revolution yowe-1905, abahlali banceda ukuwela izixhobo zabahambi ngeenqanawa abagqibe kwelokuba bacwangcise i-riot. Ngo-1906, uBoris ufumana idiploma yeyunivesithi. Ngenxa yesikhundla esingazinzanga elizweni, kudala asinakufumana umsebenzi. Ngenxa yoko, kwicebiso lomhlobo lithatha isigqibo sokuba ngumatiloshe. Emva kokuphuma kwamathuba elwandle, lo mfo unika iimviwo kwi-navigator. Kwindima ye-navigator yenqanawa yokuhamba ngenqanawa yenza i-huming eTurkey naseBulgaria.
Uncwadi
Kwincwadi, uBoris Zhitkov weza emva kwexesha. Kwelinye icala, ubomi bakhe besaqhwithi kunye nobugqwirha kunye neminyhadala sele sisisiseko semisebenzi emininzi yombhali. Ukongeza, umbhali uphumelele kwidayari kwaye wabhalisa rhoqo ileta yakhe, ngaloo ndlela esenza isandla sakhe kwi-craft. Ngo-1909, iba ngumphathi wenqanawa yophando othathe inxaxheba kwi-Nechtioiological Expedion eYeesei.
Ukubuya kwabo ekuhambeni, amaxwebhu angenisayo i-St. Petersburg Polytechnic yasePupechchnic kaPeter isebe elikhulu kwiSebe leKwimisinqanawa. Ngo-1910, iya eDenmark ukudlula kwiingcali ngomsebenzi wesinyithi. Ngo-1912, iya kuhambo lwehlabathi lokuqala. Ngexesha leArmenia, uninzi lwayo uBoris wachukumisa amazwe eAsia - i-India, eJapan neChina. Ngo-1916 iphela iYunivesithi kwi-Intanethi yeNjineli yeShishini yenqanawa.
Ngexesha lokukhululwa kwiYunivesithi yasePolytechnic ye-Polytechnic yokuvumela esele isebenze kwi-zarviation zaselwandle. Ngo-1916, uBoris ufumana isikhundla se-mensing kwinxalenye yenqwelo moya, kunye nonyaka kamva, iJogot malunga ne-admiralty. Ngo-1917, uyayithanda inkonzo kwaye uye emsebenzini kwi-Odessa Lobs, apho wasebenza khona de kwangowe-1924. Kulo nyaka, imvume ivumela i-Pettrograd.
Ngale ndlela kukho izizathu ezibini: Okokuqala, uBoris wadinwa kukuhlala kwindawo enye - "umlinganiswa we-Kuteva" wazenza ukuba azive encwadi ethi "Ulwandle olubi" lwagqiba kwelokuba luzise kwindlu yokushicilela. IOfisi yoHlelo yawuxabisa umsebenzi, kwaye yapapasha kwalo nyaka. Ukususela ngo-1925, abahlali banelisekile ngutitshala kwisikolo sasekhaya, kwaye alichitha lonke ixesha lakhe elikhululekileyo lokubhala umsebenzi. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lweebhagrafi zikaBoris, babhala izincoko ezingama-74, amabali angama-59 kunye namabali, iinoveli ezi-7 kunye namanqaku ayi-14.
UBoris Stepanovich waduma ikakhulu njengombhali wabantwana. Yayiyenzelwe abantwana awayebhala imisebenzi emininzi yakhe - ngakumbi, ingqokelela 'ekukholondi "," okwenzekileyo "," amabali ezilwanyana "kunye" namabali ezilwanyana ". Ukuqokelelwa kwamabali izilwanyana, okupapashwe ngo-1935, kwanamabali ngokusekelwe kwiimpembelelo zakhe ezivela kutyelelo eIndiya, "inkanyamba engenasitalato", "malunga neNdlovu", "malunga nenyoka kunye ne-mongoose, "eGalla" kunye ne "Wolf".
Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi ovumela ukuba ubeke phezu komsebenzi wakhe yayiyinoveli "Viktor Vavich", yanikezelwa kwiziganeko ze-1905. Ixesha elide, umsebenzi awupapashwanga kuba yavalwa. Inguqulelo ngaphandle kokuba amatyala apapashwa kuphela ngo-1999, ngenxa yentombi kaKornaa Chukovsky, uLidia, owazifumanayo umbhalo obhaliweyo koovimba bakaBawo.
Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba uninzi lwenoveli "viktor vavich" yayinomdla. Ngenani labo bakwenzayo, babengumbhali we-seberiers i-Toristoak, i-TV ye-TV ye-Avdota Smirnova kunye ne-DMMMIRD BYMIV. Abagxeki baphawula ukuba ukuba bekungekukuphikiswa, "Viktor Vavich" unokuthatha indawo kwiklasi enkulu yaseRussia phakathi kwe "tirkhim don" kunye "noGqirha Zhivago". Ngo-1988, xa isikhumbuzo esineminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu sabhiyozela ukusukela ekufeni kombhali, intlanganiso yokuqala yemibhalo yakhe yapapashwa.
Ubomi Buqu
Malunga nobomi bobuqu beZhitkov uyazi kancinci. Indlela yokuphila ye-nomadic ayivumeli umbhali ukuba aqalise usapho oluqhelekileyo, ngoko ke xa kuphela imihla yakhe wayephila ngomtshato weMikailovna Arnold (1896-1988), intombi kaMlawuli weSoviet encrypter.
Kwakungekho abantwana abavela kwisibini, kodwa uBhoris wayenomtshana ka-Alesha-unyana womdade osele ekhulile. Yayingu-Allyshasha owaba yiprototype yohlobo lwamabali avela kwiqoqo "Into endiyibonileyo". Nangona kunjalo, kukho ubungqina bokuba uZhivkov unabantwana abaliqela kwi-fedovna gedovna humeva - unyana uNikolay nentombi yeFelicat. Ubuncinci, qiniseka ukuba ezinye iindaba.
Ukufa
Emva ngo-1937, uBoris Stepanovich waziva. Kwicebiso lomhlobo ligqibe kwelokuba azame indlala yezonyango, kodwa yaye yaba mandundu imeko yakhe. Incwadi etyiwa njenge- "Encyclopedia yabemi abaneminyaka emine" ye-Encyclocy ", umbhali waphela, sele emkile umfazi wakhe. Le ncwadi yapapashwa kamva phantsi kwegama elithi "Endiyibonileyo."
Eminye incwadi yam - "Uncedo luyaqhubeka" - lunikezele kwicebo elisebenza ukuze kungenelwe abantu, umbhali wayengenalo ixesha lokugqiba. Nangona kunjalo, kamva wapapashwa kamva ebizwa ngokuba "ngamabali malunga netekhnoloji". UBoris Stepanovich wasweleka nge-19 ka-Agasti, 1938. Wangcwatyelwa eMoscow, ngelaba lesithandathu labaseVagankava.
Ngokusekelwe kwimisebenzi yakhe, iikhathuni zamaqhosha "amaqhosha" zisuswe (ibali ") Indlela" Ndibambile ngayo amadoda amancinci ")," kutheni le ndlovu? " (Ngokwebali "Malunga neNdlovu"), "Planeng", kunye neefilimu "zamabali", "Ngeengelosi" kunye "noqhwithela kwiSudche". Izinto zebhayiloji ye-bitkov zasetyenziswa kwimibongo ye-Samuel Marshak "imeyile" (1927) kunye "ne-imeyile yasemkhosini" (ngo-1943), kunye nefilimu "ngegama elithi" (1984).
Ukucaphula iBoris Zhitkov
- "Akunakwenzeka ukuba kube nzima ukufunda: kubalulekile ukuba ufunde ukuba ngovuyo, ungcangcazela kwaye woyise."
- "Oku kubi kunazo zonke-ibhulukhwe entsha. Musani ukuhamba, ninxibe ibhulukhwe: jonga ngalo lonke ixesha, ukuze kunganxili okanye kungenjalo apho. Igama oza kudlala - uloyiko. Ukusuka kwindlu oya kuhamba - ukuthetha ezi! Kwaye omnye umama ubaleka aze akhwaza kwizitepsi zonke: "Siya kuqhekeza - sukuya ekhaya ngcono!" Ihlazo liqonde. Ewe, awuyifuni le nyama yenu! Ngenxa yabo, apha zonke ziphuma.
- "Waya esixekweni: baleka, abantu bayakhwaza, bakhwaza bonke abantu, baphoswa, ngathi baphoswe umlilo esixekweni. Onke amaGrikhi aBantu abaThengisi. Ezinye iiTurks zihleli emthunzini. Ngubani uHookah umsisisa, kwaye ngowuphi na umququ omangalisayo-ndilinde ikamva. "
- "Ke apho iikati ezivela esixekweni zashukuma."
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1924 - "ulwandle olubi"
- Ngo-1925 - "amabali olwandle"
- Ngo-1931 - "Tywina yelitye"
- Ngo-1935 - "amabali ezilwanyana"
- Ngo-1939 - "Into endiyibonileyo"
- Ngo-1940 - "Amabali"
- Ngo-1941 - "Viktor Vavich"
- Ngo-1942 - "Amabali malunga neTekhnoloji"