Biography
Ibhinqa elazalwa lulonwabo luthande kwaye libefunwa, likhulisa abantwana, lufunda mhle. Ibhinqa elinezibonda kunye nobubi obuyenzeka ezinokubakho kwanamadoda awomeleleyo. Ke umgxeki woncwadi kunye neVidiyo yamalungelo oluNtu eCodllev Malunga ne-Evgenia Ginzburg. I-biography yombhali kunye nentatheli yenye ubungqina boxinzelelo olubi kakhulu.Ubuntwana noLutsha
U-Evgenia Solononvna Ginzburg wazalwa ngoDisemba we-1904 eMoscow. Kwiminyaka emihlanu, le ntsapho yafudukela eKazan, apho u-Evgenia wazalelwa uEngenia - uNatalia wazalwa khona. Abazali bakaSolomovich noRebhesa Markovna ngaphambi kokuba iphulukene intshatsheli. Intsapho yeGinzburg yayisazi kakuhle kwaye ihlonitshwe kwiKazan. Njengokuthanda le meko, utata nonina babefuna ukuthumela intombi enkulu ukuba ifunde i-phesheya - kwiYunivesithi yaseGeneva, kodwa izicwangciso zididekile ngo-1917.
I-Evgenia yafumana imfundo kwiYunivesithi yaseKazan kunye neZiko lendlela yokuhamba kwe-Mpuma, apho wafunda khona iFilology nembali. Emva kokuphela kweZiko, wakhusela i-thesis yakhe, waqala ubuntatheli - wasebenza njengeNtloko yeSebe leNkcubeko kwi-ofisi yephephandaba ", kwaye wafundisa imbali yeqela. UGinzburg wayengumntu waseFrench ngesiFrentshi nesiJamani, ngexesha lokuhlala eKazan, eTatarky esenziweyo.
Kwiminyaka engama-28, njengoko utitshala weSayensi yoLuntu emelwe ukufaka uluhlu lweqela lamaKomanisi. Njengamva nje wabhala, ukuba bayalela, bangamnika ubomi. Udade kaNatalia wakhetha indlela yesayensi - yaba yingcali yezentlalo nezemali yeLeningrad kunye nezoqoqosho, kwaye wabhala imibongo.
Indalo
Xa kuziwa ekuthetheni ngokusebenza kombhalo okuxelela ukuziphindezela kukaStalin, kokuqala kwabo babiza ababhali - I-Varlam Shalamov, Alexander Solzhenaitsyn. Kodwa iimemo ze-evgenia ginzburg "indlela epholileyo" - ubungqina obufanayo bezoyikisayo kunye nesibindi somntu kweli xesha. Kule msebenzi, kubonakaliswa kuko konke okubonakalayo kwaye kwabakho ngalo mfazi iminyaka elishumi yeenkampu kunye neminyaka esibhozo yokubhekiswa kuyo.
Inoveli ye-Autobiographical ayizikhumbuli ngokupheleleyo ixhoba, endaweni yoko, amanqaku ombuko. Umdla kaGinsburg kwezo the maqela ebomini ovulekileyo emngxunyeni wanceda ukuphazamisa ukubandezeleka kwazo. Iimeko zangaphakathi zobukho zisasaza inkohliso kwaye zanyanzela ukuba zibukeka zibukeka ngabantu. Into eyayiyimfuneko ukuba nentonga engaphakathi, ukuze ingaphumi kwimfesane, kodwa kukhumbule imibongo kwaye, njengoko wabhala kwisahluko "kwimoto yesixhenxe", ukuba ahambe ngendlela efanayo phakathi kwenqanaba kunye nabafazi.
Inxalenye yokuqala yendlela "yendlela eqingqiweyo" yabhalwa ngo-1967, kwangaxeshanye yasasazwa ngokubanzi kwiSoviet Union Samzat. Okwesibini wabona ukukhanya ngo-1975-1977. Okokuqala ngqa, kodwa ngaphandle kombhali wombhali, inoveli yapapashwa e-Itali. Abasemagunyeni besi-interr baphikisana ngokusemthethweni bapapasha "indlela yendlela" kuphela ngo-1988.
Ngokutsho kolunye ulwazi, ohlala eLviv, uGinsburg wabhala enye inguqulelo ye "Preep" - "phantsi kwe-seni ye-Luciiferov", ebukhali kwaye enganyamezelekiyo ngokunxulumene ne-stalinism. Kodwa ngo-1965 watshabalalisa loo mbhalo-ngqangi kwaye uyilo, woyike ukubanjwa okutsha kunye nokunxibelelana.
Ngokusekwe kwinoveli nguMlawuli owaziwayo weVallina Volchek, ukwenziwa kwendlela "yendlela epholileyo" yahanjiswa. Iindima zeenkwenkwezi zendawo yaseRashiya kunye ne-cinema marina nelova, nina doroshin, alla pokrovskaya. Ngo-2009, imanyano yabafundi i-quinematographygraphy, ePoland naseBelgium yenza inzame yokususa ifilimu yamanqaku esekwe kwincwadi, kodwa ayizange yoyise abaphulaphuli abakhulu.
Kwi-LVV, apho usapho lufudukele khona emva kokuvuselelwa, imisebenzi yoncwadi yeGinzburg yaphuhliswa. Igumbi loba le, enyanisweni, kwi-salon yoncwadi, apho yayihamba khona. Kwezo zaziwa ngaloo minyaka, iijenali "kunye" nehlabathi elitsha "ziye zapapashwa ngamanqaku ayo, ibali" labasebenzi "lobutsha". Eminye imisebenzi yaseGinzburg yaphuma kumaphephandaba phantsi kwePseuduguudony E. Aksenov.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bobuqu e-Evgenia Ginzburg asikho kangako njengexesha awayephila kulo. Kwiminyaka engama-20, le ntombazana yadibana noGildrad Dilmmen Fedorov, lowo wayetshatile. Emva kweminyaka emibini, unyana ka-Alexey wazalwa, kodwa emva kwethuba le ntsapho yahlukana. Utata noNyana basweleka ngo-1941 eBlocade Leningrad.
Ngeminyaka yee-1930s ginzburg njengomthunywa weZiko leNtsinga, apho wasebenza khona, ethathe inxaxheba kwinkomfa yeqela eMoscow. Apho wadibana nomyeni wakhe wesibini uPaul Aksenov. Ngo-1932, unyana wazalwa uNyana kaVasile.
UPavel Aksenov wenza umsebenzi olungileyo kumgca weqela: wayengusihlalo weBhunga lesiXeko lesiXeko saseKazan, ilungu leZiko leKomiti yeTatar yeCPU. Intsapho yanikwa indawo yokuhlala, inqwelo yenkonzo, i-nanny yajonga emva vasney.
Yonke into itshintshe kakhulu ngo-1935, emva kokubulawa kukaSergei Kirov, intloko yeParlor yeLeningrad. Le nyaniso yaba sisizathu sokucocwa ngokupheleleyo kwemiqolo yeqela, ukuchaza "ukungathembeki". Umnxeba wokuqala ka-Eugene wavakaliswa xa wayegxekwa kangangokuba akazange aveze umntu osebenza naye - i-trotskyist elfova, owayesebenza kwiofisi yoHlelo lweTataria. I-Evgenia ibhengeza ukuphindisa, ikhutshelwe ngaphandle emcimbini kwaye isuswe ekufundiseni.
Ngo-1937, uGinzburg ngokwakhe wabanjwa, kamva i-Aksenov. Zombini, ukubambelela ngo-Jejini weembono zobuKomanisi, ziqwalasele ukubanjwa kwempazamo enkulu. Ubukho benqaku lama-58, e-Encgenia Ginzburg ithunyelwe eKolyma. Ukuququnjelwa kwenkampu kunokubizwa ngokuba yimpumelelo, kuba inkolelo yenqaku elinjalo yayidutyulwa kakhulu.
Ukuqukumbela, i-Eugene yasebenza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya esibhedlele sasenkampini. Ugqirha u-Anton Wallter wasebenza apho. EyeGinzburg waqalisa ukuphila emva kwenkululeko ngo-1947 iminyaka eseleyo yezalamane eMagadan. Wamfumana uNyana wakhe ukuba avunyelwe ukuba eze kuye. Ndikunye neWalter, intombazana yase-Antonina yasungulwa.
U-Antonina ngumntu ofunda naye kwi-leonid i-filatov kunye ne-Ivan i-DyKhovichny, i-orvied of therres, impilo eJamani. Njengoko wayexele kudliwanondlebe, umama akazange alinde utata kaVasin, njengoko wayexelelwa ukuba uPawulos wadutyulwa. I-vasily aksenova emva kokubanjwa kwabazali kwabekwa kwikhaya leenkedama, ukusuka apho izihlobo zikayise zinobunzima obukhulu bathatyathwa, emva kokuthintela inkwenkwe kunye nefani.
Ngo-1949, u-Yetgeny Ginzburg wabanjwa kwakhona. Ngeli xesha "unethamsanqa" ngaphezulu-isiphelo sihlala inyanga. Kwakhona, isoyikiso yokubamba ixhonywe ngo-1953, kwaye ukusweleka kukaStaln kuyeka ingcinezelo entsha yoxinzelelo. Ngo-1952, i-Eugene ibuyiselwe ngokwenxalenye nganye, ngo-1954 ihlaziywe, kodwa iminyaka elishumi wayengavunyelwa ukuba aphile kwizixeko ezikhulu (Ginzburg wakwazi ukuya eMoscow ngo-1966). UWalter walungisa kuphela ngo-1958, kwasemnye emva konyaka, umntu wasweleka.
I-Evgenia Ginzburg, ngokutyibiline yayiyeyona nto igxile kuyo, itsalele abantu ukuba bahlukane nengqondo, ithemba lengqondo, ithemba, amandla afanelekileyo. Ubomi bosapho lwayo kwakhiwa kunyana ka visly, owathi kamva waba ngurhulumente odumileyo. I-Vasily Aksenov ngumbhali, uluntu, umbhali wemisebenzi eyaziwayo.
Wayenomdla wokwazi umda wenkululeko yokuthetha. Kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu, umbhali washiya ilizwe. Ngaphambi kokuba uye kuye, kwenziwa inzame, kamva ichazwe nguye kwinoveli "yentembeko engaqondakaliyo". Ngeminyaka yee-1970, unyana kaGinzburg wakwazi ukutyelela iJamani neFransi. Kwinethiwekhi ekufikeleleni yasimahla iposelwe iifoto zosapho.
Ukufa
I-Evgenia Ginzburg yasweleka ngo-1977. Unobangela wokufa yayingumhlaza webele, umbhali wesifo ufihlile. Wangcwatyelwa kumangcwaba aseKuzminsky eKuzminky eMoscow.I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1927 - "ukufundisisa i-Okthobha ukuya esikolweni samanyathelo amabini"
- Ngo-1963 - "uqalile. Utitshala "
- Ngo-1967 - "indlela epholileyo", Icandelo I
- Ngo-1975-1977 - "indlela epholileyo", Icandelo II