Biography
Umgaqo wolawulo lukarhulumente odumileyo kaMary Teresia wajongwa njengenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwimbali yaseYurophu. Umfazi udibanise ngobuchule ukuphathwa kwemimandla emikhulu kunye nokukhulisa abantwana abayi-16.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Intombi enkulu uElizabhete uChristina Braunschi-Tungsten kunye neMpurem charles vienne i-Veresia Kristina yazalwa Xa wazalwa, amazwi okuphoxeka kukayise waphuma:
"Le yintombazana nje."Ubuntwana bentombazana babengamkelwa zizomcimbi, inkosazana yayisemthunzi kayise. Ngokudibeneyo nosapho, uMaria Teresia wachitha ubusika onyaka kwi-Hofburg Palace, kwi-Lounling ye-vienna, kwiinyanga zentwasahlobo - ihlobo lentombazana lenzeka kwindawo oyithandayo.
Imbono ecacileyo yentombazana ibizwa ngokuba notshintsho lootitshala. Ukukhuliswa kukaMary Teresia kwalungiselelwa iJesuits. Wayefundiswe iilwimi zasemzini, kuquka i-Latin, imbali, ubugcisa, iJografi kunye nomthetho kaThixo. Kwakhona le ntombazana yayithatha umculo kunye nezifundo zokudanisa. Ngokumangalisayo inkosazana enobuqili inokuthetha ngokulula e-Italian, isiFrentshi, isiJamani neSpanish.
Ukususela ebuntwaneni, wayethathwa njengobuhle bokuqala belo xesha. UMaria Teresia wahlulwa ngokusebenza nzima, intombazana yonke imihla inyuka nge-5-6 kusasa. Wayenomsindo, wakhawuleza ukuba nomsindo kwaye ngokukhawuleza ukhawuleze. UMaria Teresia wayenayo yonke idatha yokunikezelwa kunye nokuhlonipha kwezifundo: ubukhulu nesipho seLizwi.
Kwiminyaka elandelayo, uMaria Teresia wamkelwa ngesiFrentshi, isiNgesi kunye nookumkani base-Prussia, kunye ne-errad yaseRussia, uHelsi osemthethweni. Utata wayengenakukhathazeka malunga nentsalela yentombi yakhe.
Inkosazana ifumene imfundo yamadoda, eyalungiselela intombazana ukuba ilawule ilizwe. Ekufezekisweni kweminyaka eli-14, uMaria Teresia sele enelungelo lokuya kwiintlanganiso zeBhunga likaRhulumente.
Ubomi Buqu
Intombazana ekrelekrele ijikeleze abaninzi abaphangiweyo entliziyweni. Ukukhetha kukaKarl Vi kuyemisile kunyana weDuke we-Dead, igama elipheleleyo leFranz Stefan Lirring. Ngo-1724, wafika kwiyadi ye-Austrian ukuze agqibezele imfundo kwaye afumane izakhono eziyimfuneko.Utata kaMariya uTrereesia wamkhulula unyana wakhe, wafundisa ukuzingela kwakhe, wathabatha waya naye, waya naye. IFrance yavuma ukuqaphela isohlwayo sePragmatic kuphela xa sitshintshiselana nge-Duching. UFranz wala ilungelo lokufezekisa le ntsimi ukutshata noMaria Teresia.
NgoFebruwari 12, 1736, kwagqitywa imvumelwano esemthethweni. Kwangelo xesha, ngaphambi komtshato, esi sibini sanyanzelwa ukuba sithembise ukuba akangekhe abaloseli kunelifa, ukuba uKarl vi wayeya kuba nonyana. Lo mzuzu wathatyathwa kwakhona ukuba uMaria noFranz bala ilifa, ukuba unyana wabo wayengayi kuzalwa kumanyano lwabo, noMariya uAna, iya kuba yindlalifa lentombazana.
Iminyaka yokuqala yokutshata igubungele imfazwe engaphumelelanga ngeTurkey, eyathi yaqala ngo-1737 ukuya kwi-1739. UMare Mary TeresIa wenza ukoyiswa njengomphathi womkhosi weHabbsburg. Nangona kunjalo, urhulumente wayenentsapho edibeneyo. Emva kokuzalwa komntwana ngamnye, uMaria wathi:
"Abantwana bangaze yenzeke ngokwaneleyo."Umntwana wokuqala uya kuvela emva konyaka wokuphila kunye, aba bantwana bazalwa benekhefu ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-2 iminyaka, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1756. UMariya wayenabantwana abayi-16: amantombazana ali-11 kunye namakhwenkwe ama-5.
Imfundo nemfundo yomntwana ngamnye uMaria uTeresia wafumana ingqalelo eyahlukileyo. Iphuhlise ikharityhulamu ekhethekileyo, kubandakanya imidaniso kunye nemveliso yeqonga. Kwaye abantwana bepeyintiwe, bafunda amabali, izibhalo, iMathematics kunye neelwimi zasemzini. Amantombazana afundise ubugcisa bokuqhuba kunye ne-asdientwork.
Ibhunga lolawulo
Ulonwabo olucacileyo oluphelileyo, uKarl V wasweleka nge-1740. Ngenxa yoko, uMaria Teresia eneminyaka engama-24 kwanyanzelwa ukuba anyuke kwitrone ye-Austrian. Ngeli xesha, wayesele engunina kathathu kwaye wayekhulelwe. Umsebenzi wolawulo lukaRhulumente, ngoku ome phambi kweMaria, wayengekho kwimiphunga. Ngapha koko, imida ngelo xesha yayifaka iOstriya, iRiphabliki yaseCzech, iHungary, empuma nasemhlabeni e-Itali.
Ingqungquthela yabanjwa nge-25 kaJuni, 1741 kwikati yaseSt. Martin, eyenziwe kwisitayile seGothic, kwiSixeko saseTysic (ngoku - iBratislava). Ngo-1745, iqabane langenaswe isithsaba phantsi kwegama iFranz I, kwaye ibhinqa eliselula lingu-Austrian.
UMaria Teresia wadibana ngokukhawuleza ubuso ngobuso kunye nabafakizicelo abaninzi balifa le-Austria, ababengafuni ukumnika amalungelo akhe. Kodwa ngonyaka we-1748, umhlaba we-AIAHN wagqiba umbuzo ngokuthe ngqo kuMary Teresia, osele elahlekile eSilesia. Emva koko, kwiMfazwe Yeminyaka yasixhenxe (ukusuka kwi-1756 ukuya kwi-1763), uKumkanikazi wafuna ukuphumelela le ndawo, kodwa umzamo awuzange uphumelele impumelelo: uSilesia wahlala emandleni e-Sleridrich II.
Ngo-1765, uMlawuli uFranz wasweleka ngequbuliso, uMary uTereresi wanyula unyana kaJosefu kunye ne-C. Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi yakhe yayilinganiselwe kwinkundla, yezemali nezasemkhosini, kwinkululeko epheleleyo evela kuJosefu II yayingenguye.
Ngo-1772, uMaria Teresia wayethatha inxaxheba kwicandelo lokuqala lasePoland kwaye ngenxa yoko isiphumo sifumana i-Galicia. Ngokuphathelele uBukhosi be-Ottoman-ngo-1775, umfazi ongumfazi ongumfazi ukuba amnike iBukovina. UMaria Teresia wavakalisa ibango lakhe kwiLifa lakhe "Ilifa laseBavaria", kwaye ukungqubana kwenzeka ngaphezulu kwesivumelwano se-tesheshen. Ngesiseko sakhe, indlu yase-Austrian yafumana indawo ye-ina.
Ngokukodwa wabonakalisa iBhodi kaMary Peressia kulawulo lwemicimbi yangaphakathi kaRhulumente. Ixesha elikhululekileyo kwimbambano, wahlawula uhlengahlengiso kulawulo, walawula isinyobo kunye nokuchas 'umthetho. Wazama ukulungelelanisa imali, phucula umthetho kwaye ulungelelanise imikhosi yasemkhosini.
Phambi kokuba uMaria e-Austria wayeseyona lizwe lingasemva kwi-spheres nganye. Isikolo kunye nokuprinta zalawulwa ngokupheleleyo yiJesuit. Ngaphambili, urhulumente akazange achaphazele imiyalelo esetyenzisiweyo, kodwa uTaresia wanyanzelwa ukuba azise utshintsho kurhulumente anomdla kurhulumente ngenxa yeemeko zangaphandle.
Ngexesha lolawulo, uMaria Teresia walinganiselwa impembelelo yecawe yokukhankanyiwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye waqinise ukubaluleka kwamandla erhulumente. Uye walinciphisa kakhulu inani leokhestra enkundleni, banqamle imvumi egcweleyo. Nangona kunjalo, uMaria wakhathalela ukuchuma kwesayensi kunye nobugcisa: ukufunyanwa, ukuzoba izikolo, indawo yokuzivotelwa. Nguye owamisa abantu abalula, wazisa inani lezikolo ukuya kumawaka ama-6 amawaka.
Ukuqwalaselwa ngokukodwa kurhulumente uhlawule ukuphuculwa kwezolimo, uphuhliso lomzi-mveliso kunye nokwandiswa kwezorhwebo lwangaphakathi nangaphandle.
Ukufa
Emva kokusweleka ngoNovemba 29, 1780, eneminyaka engama-63, uMaria Teresia washiya ilizwe elinomkhosi wama-260 amawaka abantu kwaye wakhula eYurophu.Ikukrelekrele base-Afrika i-Maria Teresia yayingu-teresia walutyhuk ', wenza ngendlela enomtsalane kwabanye. I-Mary Teresy's Biography izele yiminyhadala. Kubomi obuqhelekileyo, eli bhinqa lalingumfazi othembekileyo kunye nomama ongenakuchazwa, babenabantwana abayi-16, belishumi ngasixhenxe basinde.
Imemori
- Ukuhlonitshwa kwaMaria Teresia, i-Anteroid (295) terezia, ivulwe ngo-1890.
- Ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, iCandelo le-22 le-Cavarry Calvia Teresia yenziwa, yenziwa ikakhulu iVolselidoych, eyayihlala kwilamba le-Atorisdoych, elalihlala kwilam yase-Katari yase-Katordoych, eyayihlala kwiHunga lase-Atoris-langaphambili laza lamnika i-MWRISEKILEYO.
- Kwi-vienna, ilitye lesikhumbuzo kurhulumente kunye nabahlobo bayo abasondeleyo kwisikwere saseMary Treresis baya kwakhiwa. Lo msebenzi wobugcisa akonelanga ukubona ngokwaneleyo kwifoto, kuyimfuneko ukubona ukuba iphila.
- UMary Teresia ngumdibaniso we-Teleprokt Austria, Hungary, eSlovakia neRiphabliki yaseCzech. Ifilimu yochungechunge lwe-2, 2017.
- I-Tharry Mary Teresia yingqekembe yesilivere, eyahlukeneyo yomThale oqhelekileyo, esetyenziswe ngorhwebo lwehlabathi phantse emva kokuqala kokugxotha ngo-1741.
- Ukuzukisa i-Austrian Erzgertzogi, uMary Tresia ubizwa ngokuba yiRoSA ezahlukeneyo.
- I-odolo ye-mary teresia - i-Austrian yaseMkhosini yase-Austrian. Ukumkanikazi waseHungary naseBohemia, uMaria Teresia, wasungulwa, ngo-1757.