Biography
URichard Zorge - iqhawe leSoviet Union, eScout. Wayesaziwa njengomntu ofundileyo, olungeleleneyo, onokwazi nakuphi na uthethathethwano. Iimuvi zikwisibhakabhaka malunga ne-sorga, bhala iincwadi. Njengophawu lokuhlonitshwa kunye nenkumbulo yanaphakade, ibizwa ngokuba zizitrato kunye namatye ezikhumbuzo ezamelweyo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
URichard Zorge wazalwa ngo-Oktobha 4, 1896 kwilali yePhondo laseSabhuri kwintsapho yaseJamani yeGustav hichard Zorchard Zorchard Zorchard Zorchard Zorchard Zorchard Zorird Zorird Zorird. Utata wayesebenza eNobel, apho waqiniseka ukuba i-oyile imveliso yeoyile. Umama kaNina Stepanovna Kobelev - ngeengcambu zaseRussia, wakhulela kwintsapho yomsebenzi kaloliwe.
UZorge wabhala kwimbali yakhe ukuba usapho lwayo (ngakumbi kumgca katata) olukrelekrele, kunye nokujonga utshintsho olusekwe. Oku kungenxa yohlaziyo lwe-1848, apho abatomkhulu, bobabini abazala kunye nabazala, bathatha inxaxheba. Ukusuka kumanqaku kaRichard, kuyaziwa ukuba ubuntwana budlula eJamani: ngokuzola, kwintsapho enkulu ekhuselekileyo.
UZorge wafunda kwi-Realchule eJamani, kodwa akazange afumane imfundo yesibini - ngo-1914, ivolontiya yaya ngaphambili kwimfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala kumkhosi waseJamani. Wathatha inxaxheba emafazweni, ngaphezulu kwesihlandlo esinye wayemonzakele.
Ngo-1917, uRichard Zorge wenzakala, wafumana umsebenzi waseKönigsberg, ngenxa yoko wahlala ekhubazekile (umlenze omnye ungaphezulu, enye imfutshane). Ngenxa yesi sizathu yagxothwa. Ngexesha lokuhlala kwakhe eLazaret, uZorge watshintsha ngokupheleleyo izimvo zakhe kumKomanisi.
Ku-1917, uZorge wakwazi ukukhetha isatifikethi semfundo yesibini, kwaye kamva idiploma ekupheleni kweDyunivesithi. I-Friedrich wilililm ngo-1918. Emva koko wangena eyunivesithi eKiel, wafunda kwi-faculty yeSayensi yoLuntu. NaseHamburg, wakhululwa ngomda kagqirha karhulumente nomthetho, kamva wafumana isidanga kwi-Economics.
Inkonzo yezelizwe
Ngo-1918, imvukelo yasematiinition yaqala kwiSixeko saseKiel, apho uRichard Zorge wathatha inxaxheba ngqo, ebandakanyeka kwingalo yabantu. Xa inguquko yaqala eBerlin, yaba nenxaxheba ebonakalayo kwi-UNER. Kuba oku, abasemagunyeni bathumela uZorge esiya kuwo umzi.
EHamburg, iRichard Zorge Propaganda Umsebenzi udityaniswe nentatheli. Ukususela ngo-1920, waba ngumhleli wephephandaba leqela eSobilien. Ukongeza, wakhonza njengomphandi kwiZiko loPhando lweNtlalontle eFrankfurt.
Ngo-1924, iKomiti eLawulayo yeLizwe lamaNcwadi elimenyiwe eMoscow, apho waqala ukusebenza kwiSebe loLwazi. Kwaye wayengumqeshwa weZiko loPhando lweQumrhu leqela.
Kwangelo xesha, uZorga waphumelela njengentatheli, waqokelela iingxaki zengxaki yentshukumo yotshintsho eMelika naseJamani. La manqaku avele kumaphepha "oqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wehlabathi", "Bolshesvik", "AmaKomanisi Ilizwe".
Ngo-1929, uRichard Zorge wabambisana neSebe lePronaintSnaints yeSebe lePronaintwana labasebenzi 'kunye nomkhosi obomvu obomvu, apho iintloko zakhe bekukho iintloko zakhe uJ. K. Barzins no S. I-C. Ngo-1930, igosa lengqondi lafika eShanghai phantsi kwePseududuudony Ramzai yaza yaqala ukuthandana. Omnye wabo - ngeentloko zikaSilzaki, owayesebenza njengentatheli eJapan kwaye walandela amajoni angamaKomanisi. AmaJapan abe ngomnye wabafundi ababalulekileyo uZorge.
Kude kube ngu-1933, uRichard wakwazi ukufumana ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nabacebisi baseJamani abacebisi baseJamani kwaye bacinge ukuba i-US kungekudala iyomeleza isikhundla sayo kwimicimbi yamazwe.
EJapan, uRichard Zorge wafika ngoSeptemba 1933 njengomqeshwa wemithombo yeendaba yaseJamani eprintiweyo: Ukwazile ukufumana i-essassy yaseJapan yemicimbi yangaphandle.
Ngo-1938, intando yetyala likaRichard Zorge ikwazile ukusinda kwingozi. Le meko ibeka emngciphekweni ukuhlala, kodwa igosa lengqondi likwazile ukuhambisa yonke i-max eyimfuneko, eyayiyi-radist-cleypter kwiqela lezobuntlola. URichard wayenamaphepha ayimfihlo kunye needola. I-scout yazi ngalo mzuzu uClausen. Ukongeza, indlela yerediyo yathatha onke amaphepha kwiNdlu ngokulalanisa.
Kude kube ngo-1941, iqela lengqongqo liqhubekile nemisebenzi eJapan. Ucwangcisiwe ukurhoxiswa kwenani elinelanga lolwazi olunyanisekileyo noluncedo, kodwa oku akwenzekanga. Ukusondela kuthi ngo-1940, uZorge ngokwakhe wathi ukulungele ukubuya eJapan, kodwa kwagqitywa kwelokuba ahlawulele ixesha elide apho kuhlala khona, njengoko uRichard omalunga no.
Ngo-1941, ulwazi malunga nohlaselo olunokwenzeka lweJamani lwaseRussia luye eRusget. Imfazwe yethutyana yayiboniswa kwangaphambili ngaphandle kokuchaza owona mhla. Wakwazile ukufumanisa ukuba kude kube ngo-1942, urhulumente waseJapan akazange akhokele kwimfazwe nakwintetho. Ukufunda ngale nto, umkhosi waseRussia wasasaza imikhosi ngendlela yokuqinisa i-moscow. Idolophu enkulu yakwazi ukukhusela.
Ubomi Buqu
URichard Zorwa wabafazi ababini, abantwana bobomi, ubukrelekrele azange buye. UChristina Gerlach wayeligama lokuqala, uZorge waqhawula umtshato kunye naye ngo-1926, xa wayesiya eJamani.
Ndikunye nomfazi wesibini, iMaximovaya Katherine ze-Zorga yabekwa ngokusemthethweni bubudlelwane ngo-1933. Ngo-1942, umfazi wabanjwa ukuze anxibelelane neentshaba. Ngenxa yoko, uCatherine wayekhonza igama kwindawo yeKrasnoyarsk, kwaye ke kwafa.
Kumtshato ongekho sikweni, uRichard wayehlala ne-KANNAKO ASIF. Kuyaziwa ukuba emva kokubulawa kwamaJapan, kude kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe, ityelele ingcwaba le-zori, kwaye labhaliswa kwinkonzo yokuzikhusela kwigosa elifileyo.
Ukufa
Ukusukela ngo-Okthobha ka-1941, amalungu ohlala kuhlala ityhilwe, kwaqala ukubanjwa kwamaqhinga. Nge-18 isiphelo size uRichard Zorge. Amapolisa aseJapan acwangcisa ukukhangela amakhaya abathathi-nxaxheba bezithethi kwaye bafumana amaxwebhu athobileyo, ukufundisa emva kokuncinwa kwamagatya. Sele kwisiseko semiyalezo ehleliweyo, iZorge yahlawuliswa.
Ngokutsho kolunye lweenguqulelo, uRichard Zorge akazange avume ukuba unetyala, athetha nentsebenziswano ne-Merbunnerner, kodwa hayi ngeSoviet Union. UHitler wacela ukubuyisela umngcatshi eJamani. Kwaye iJapan yavuma ukubuyela iZorge kwilizwe lakhe lamabanjwa ezopolitiko ezininzi.
Nangona kunjalo, oku akuzange kwenzeke, uStalin akazange avume kwiimeko zeJapan, kuba akazange aqwalasele intlekele yokuphulukana nelizwe le-scout. Kukho iingcinga ezibangelwa kukwamkelwa kwe-zoorge kwenye yeenkundla ngentsebenziswano ne-USSR. UStalin wayengenakuxolela le nto. Ngo-1943, kwagqitywa kwagqitywa ekubeni baphumeze uRichard Zorge. Kunyaka kamva, eTokyo kwiNtolongo "i-susdamo" nge-7 kaNovemba, isigwebo saqhutywa.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, ixesha elide urhulumente weli lizwe wakhanyela umongo we-Zorge. Ngo-1964 wabelwa isihloko seqhawe leSoviet Union PostStumoous nge-khrushchev. Namhlanje, iifilimu ezingalibalekiyo zifunyanwa ngokuhlonitshwa kwegosa lobukrelekrele elidumileyo, iifilimu ezingalibalekiyo zinikezelwe. Indima yeZorga kumfanekiso wokugqibela yeyokweAlexander Domogarov
Imemori
- Ngo-1954 - "ukungcatshwa kwe-German \ \ Zorge"
- Ngo-1961 - "Ungubani, uGqirha Zorge?"
- Ngo-1985 - "Idabi leMoscow"
- Ngo-2003 - "SOY Zorge"
- Ngo-2009 - "ibali eliphilayo. URichard Zorge. Umhlali ongakholwanga "
- 2018 - "Zorge"