Biography
Ukwamkelwa kwinqanaba likarhulumente e-Galill's Moss emva kokufa. Imbongi ityholwa ngokugqithiselwa kwimbongi ngokufaneleka ngenxa ye-tins engakhathali yengoma yakhe. Ixesha elingaphezulu, ithuba kunye namabhaso aweza, kunye nesihloko seqhawe leSoviet Union. Kodwa ilitye lesikhumbuzo lokwenyani kwi-patriot ye-wanktriot, ukongeza ukubuya kwegama elithembekileyo, kuye kwangumdla ongenakuphela kwelifa lokuyila. Emva kweminyaka, sigcina ungxamiseko lweLizwi malunga nelizwe lamanye, malunga nabahlobo, malunga nothando.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Ikratshi leTatar Musa Jalil yazalwa ngoFebruwari 1906. URahima kunye ne-munteya yentlambo bakhulisa abantwana aba-6. Intsapho yayihlala kwilali yaseOrenburg, ifuna esona sabelo siso sifudukele kwiziko lephondo. Apho, umama, ukuba yintombi yakhe inguMulipha ngokwakhe, wathabatha amaSilamsi kwisikolo sokomoya esiSilamsi - Marrasa "huaini". Phantsi korhulumente waseSoviet, iZiko leMfundo le-Tatar lenyuka leMfundo likazwelonke landa kwiziko lezenkolo.
Thanda imibongo, umnqweno weengcinga zikarhulumente ezintle zanikezelwa ukuba zidluliselwe eJalil ngeengoma, ezenziwa ngumama, kunye neentsomi ezifundela umakhulu ebusuku. Esikolweni, ukongeza kwezinto zenkolo, uncwadi lwehlabathi, ukucula kunye nozobiso lwaphumelela. Nangona kunjalo, inkolo yayingenamdla kulo ndoda - uMuna kamva wafumana ubungqina betekhnoloji kwislanethi kwiZiko leDatha.
Ishumi elivisayo iUda iphinda iphinde iphinde i-komsomol abahlali base-Komsomol, abantwana abanomdla abaphazamisekileyo bajoyine imiqolo yombutho wobuvulindlela. Enye yendlela yenkolelo yayiyimibongo yokuqala yokuqalisa ukuthanda ilizwe. Kwilali yemveli, imbongi yaseIstatin yadala iseli yeKomini, amalungu alwa no-ntshaba wenguquko. I-Iscoves iZalilov yonyulwe kwi-Bureau yeCandelo leTatar-Bashkir yeKomiti ePhakathi ye-VLKSM, imvume ye-Komsomol Congress.
Ngo-1927, uMusa ungene kwiYunivesithi yaseMoscow State, kwisebe elibhalwe kwisebe le-E-Ecronological (Philiffaich). Ngokutsho kwememori yommelwane eHostel Varlam Shalamov, Jalil kwiYunivesithi ifumene ukhetho kunye nothando lwabanye bubuzwe babo. Ayisiyiyo kuphela i-musa - i-kataic korsomolets, ngenxa yoko unguTatar, ofunda kwiYunivesithi yaseRussia, ubhala imibongo elungileyo, afunde ngokugqibeleleyo ulwimi lwabo lwenkobe.
EMoscow, uJalil wasebenza kubahleli bamaphephandaba nakwiimagazini kunye neemagazini, nango-1935 wamkela isimemo esiya kwiNdlu yeNdlu evulekileyo yaseKazan evulekileyo. KwiKazan, imbongi entlokweni yakhe ingene kulo msebenzi, wafumana abadlali, wabhala izinto, u-Libretto, uphononongo. Ngapha koko, waguqulela kwimisebenzi yeTatar yaseRussia. UMASA uba sesekela kwiBhunga leSixeko kunye nosihlalo wababhali be-tatiar.
Uncwadi
Imibongo yokuqala yembongi encinci yaqala ukupapasha kwiphephandaba lendawo. Ngaphambi kokuqala kweMfazwe yeTpotiotic enkulu, kwaphuma ingqokelela ye-10. Eyokuqala "Sihamba" - ngo-1925 kwiKazan, emva kweminyaka emi-4, "amaqabane". I-Musa ayikhokelwa kuphela, njengoko babeya kuthi, umsebenzi wephathi, kodwa bakwazile ukubhala imidlalo yabantwana, iingoma, imibongo, amanqaku aphezulu.
Ekuqaleni, kwimibhalo, iphulo okanye i-maxifalism yacinezelwa kunye nokubonakala kunye ne-pathos, i-pathoiaprority kunye neendibano zohlobo loLwazi lweMpuma. Emva kwexesha, uJalil akhetha iinkcazo ezifanelekileyo ngenqaku le-Folklore.
Udumo olubanzi lukaJaliyal lwafunyanwa ngelixa ufunda eMoscow. Ubuchule bukaMusa bathanda ngokwenene abo ufunda nabo, funda imibongo ngokuhlwa kumfundi. Italente yoMncinci ngoLonwabo eyamkelwe kumnxibelelanisi weMetropolitan wababhali base-progarian. UJalil waqhelana noAlexander Zharov noMikhail Svetlov, bafumana iintetho zeVladimir Mayovsky.
Ngo-1934, wabona ukukhanya kwengqokelela yezihloko zeKomsomol "-odola izigidi", emva kwakhe, "emva kwakhe," imibongo nemibongo. " Imisebenzi yeminyaka yee-1930s ibonakalise imbongi enengqondo enzulu, ingeyiyo ifiloshofi ye-Alien kwaye ikwazi ukusebenzisa yonke i-palette yendlela yokubonisa.
Kwi-Opera "Zolotovospir", ixelela malunga ne-hergaria yesizwe saseBulgaria, engazange soyise abahlaseli, imbongi yalungiswa kwi-Gick Epic Epic Epic ", iintsomi zeTatar. I-premiere yenzeka kwiiveki ezimbini ngaphambi kokuqala kwemfazwe, kwaye ngo-2011, i-Tatar Theatre Opera kunye ne-ballet, ngasendleleni, yabuya negama lombhali, ibuyele kwindawo yakhe.
Njengomqambi u-Nazibhi Bhiganov uxelele umqambi, wacela uJalil ukuba anciphise lo mbongo, njengoko imithetho yedramari ifunwa. I-Musa yaliwe, ichaza ukuba akafuni kususa iintambo ezibhalwe "ngeGazi lentliziyo." Intloko yenxalenye yenxalenye yoLwazi ndikhumbula umhlobo njengomntu ongakhathaliyo, onomdla kwaye unexhala malunga nenkcubeko yomculo womculo.
Abahlobo abasondeleyo baxelele indlela intetho yolwimi oluyimibala yembongi echazwe kuzo zonke iintlobo zamabali ahlekisayo ezenzeka kuye, emva koko ufunde kwinkampani. UJalil wakhokela ingxelo ngolwimi lwe-Tatar, kodwa emva kokuba efile, incwadana yanyamalala ngaphandle komkhondo.
Kwibhulethi kaHitler, uMusa Jalil wabhala amakhulu emibongo, i-115 kubo ifika kwinzala. I-vertex yobyingo bombongo ngumjikelo "Moabata Patoky".
Obo ngokwenene ziincwadana ezimbini ezigcinwe ngokungummangaliso zidluliselwe kwabasemagunyeni eSoviet kwilungu lembongi kwi-Campu ezinkampini "Moabit" kunye "nePletsele -za". Ngokutsho kolwazi olungafunekiyo, ezimbini ngaphezulu, ngendlela engaziwayo ezandleni zommi waseTurkey, zazikwi-NKVD kwaye zaphela.
Ngaphambili nakwiinkampu, umusa wabhala malunga nemfazwe, malunga ne-quulment, iNgqina lakhe laba, malunga netshutshiso yemeko nemfazwe yentsimbi. Olo luba lunguMbongo "Isigcina-ntloko", "intyatyambo ezine", "u-Azimuth". Qhubekani ngokucacileyo imigca ehlabayo eyaphula imbongi yeemvakalelo "babeqhuba oomama abaqhuba abantwana ..." ukusuka "barbarism".
Ifunyenwe emphefumlweni weJalil kunye neengoma, iRoonticism kunye neHure, "uthando kunye" nempumlo "yentwasahlobo" kunye "nobuqhophololo".
Ubomi Buqu
I-Musa Jalil yayitshatile. Umfazi wokuqala kaRauza wazisa unyana wembongi ye-albert. Waba ligosa labasebenzi, wakhonza eJamani, ubomi bakhe bonke bagcina incwadi yokuqala kayise kunye ne-autograph yakhe. U-Albert wandinika oonyana abathathu, kodwa akukho nto yaziwa ngekamva labo.
Kumtshato waseburhulumenteni ono-Zakyui Saysela, wazalwa nguLcius. Intombazana ephumelele kwiSebe lezoThengisi leSikolo somculo kunye ne-Mscow iZiko leMiboniso bhanyabhasi, lalihlala laza lafundiswa kwiKazan.
Umfazi wesithathu wembongi wabizwa ngokuba nguAmina. Nangona inethiwekhi isasazwa ulwazi oluthi, ngokwamaxwebhu, umfazi wayengu-Anna Petrovna, nokuba nguNina Konstantinovnavna. Intombi ye-Amina kunye ne-Musp valp Vallow yayihlala eMoscow, yayisebenza njengomhleli kumshicileli obhalayo. Umzukulwana wakhe uMikhail, i-vionel yetalente, unxibe ifani ezimbini zeMitrofanov-Jalil.
Ukufa
Kwibhayiloji yeJaliyal, bekungayi kubakho amaphepha angaphambili kunye nakwekankampini ukuba imbongi ayizange ivume ukuba izikrweqe ezinikezwe emkhosini. UMusa weza kwiBhodi yoYiliweyo ngosuku lwesibini emva kokuqala kwemfazwe, wafumana ulwalathiso lwepolitiki, wasebenza njengomkhosi wasemkhosini. Ngo-1942, eshiya indawo ejikelezileyo kunye neqela labanyikili, uJaliyal wenzakala kwaye wabanjwa.
Kwinkampu yoxinaniso phantsi kweSixeko sasePoland, iRadom Mua yangena kwiMikhosi "ye-IDL-Weral". AmaNazi aqokelelwe kwiindawo zokubonisa abafundi abafundileyo beentlanga ezingezozakhiwo ukuze bafumane abaxhasi kunye nabasasazi bezimvo ze-Fascist.
UJalil, usebenzisa inkululeko yokuhamba, ukuthunyelwa gwenxa kwimisebenzi yenkampu. Abasebenzi abangaphantsi komhlaba babelungiselela ukubaleka, kodwa kwizikhundla zabo bafumana umngcatshi. Imbongi kunye nabahlobo abakhutheleyo kakhulu babulawa kwi-ginelotine.
Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiCandelo le-vermhtack kunika isizathu sokuqwalaselwa kweJalil, umngcatshi weSoviet. Kuphela kusemva kokusweleka kweStalin, ngenxa yemizamo ye-Konstantin Simonov kunye nenzululwazi yoluntu, iGazi Kashchef yajika inyani malunga nobomi bembongi.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1925 - "Siya"
- Ngo-1929 - "amaqabane"
- Ngo-1934 - "I-Acrononon yezigidi"
- Ngo-1955 - "Ingoma Yobugovu"
- Ngo-1957 - "Incwadana yeMoabata"
- Ngo-1964 - "uMusa Jalil. Iintandokazi »
- Ngo-1979 - "Musa Jalil. Imisebenzi ekhethiweyo »
- Ngo-1981 - "i-chamomile ebomvu"
- Ngo-1985 - "I-Nightingale kunye neNtwasahlobo"
- Ngo-2014 - "Musa Jalil. Izintandokazi "
Iikowuti
Ndiyazi: Ngobomi kunye nephupha liyahamba.
Kodwa ngoloyiso nolonwabo
Ujikeleza kwilizwe lam,
Ukugcina i-zero. Akukho mntu ulawulwa!
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Siya kumzukisa ngonaphakade umfazi ogama lingumama.
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Sisemncinci kuthi ukuba sivume: "Khangela!"
Kwaye sisenza inkanuko yesaqhwithi.
Akukho imilenze yabantu kwiindlela eziphosiweyo,
Kunye neemvakalelo kunye neenkanuko zabantu.
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Yintoni emangaliswayo, ugqirha umhle?
Inceda impilo yethu
Iyeza eliphezulu eliqolileyo,
Into ebizwa ngokuba luthando.